PPP

An architectural program should control which 4? 1.) Budget limits 2.) Soils bearing capacities 3.) A statement of the owner's goals 4.) An inventory of spaces required 5.) Statement of functional relationships 6.) Determination of the structural systems

1, 3, 4, 5

What is not in the zoning ordinances?

1.) Max. number of occupants in building (this is a building code issue)

Typical order of architectural design

1.) Statement of problem 2.) Collection of data 3.) Analyze data 4.) Program 5.) Design concept 6.) Design development 7.) CD

Outline Specs written during the programming phase of a project are broken down by: 1.) Room 2.) Divisions 3.) Costs 4.) Products

2

The size/configuration of public restroom facilities are regulated by what? 1.) Deed restrictions 2.) Building codes 3.) Zoning ordinances 4.) Life safety codes

2

Zoning ordinances is a means to control all except: 1.) Density of development 2.) Project costs 3.) Flood impact 4.) Land usage

2

The threshold for sound levels that cause fatigue after prolonged exposure is: 1.) 20 DB 2.) 50 DB 3.) 80 DB 4.) 110 DB

3

A deed restriction includes which of the following? 1.) Topography 2.) Utility locations 3.) Benchmarks 4.) Covenants

4

Architect has least control over what? 1.) Escalation budget 2.) Percentage of site work relative to building cost 3.) Professional fees and consultation services 4.) Financing fees

4

During the programming phase, building construction cost estimates are based off? 1.) Itemized materials takeoffs 2.) Operating proformas 3.) Cubic foot costs of similar buildings 4.) Square foot costs of similar buildings

4

Geotechnical observation reports are paid by: 1.) Structural engineer 2.) Contractor 3.) Architect 4.) Owner

4

Which of the following is not normally governed by zoning regulations? 1.) Densities 2.) Setbacks/height limits 3.) Parking reqs 4.) Life safety reqs

4

What step in this in Architectural Programming: Determining Needs

4.) Balances the client desires with available funds or establishes a budget based on the defined goals/needs. During this step, quantity, quality, time and budget need to be considered

Above what number of occupants is a second exit required?

50

Multiple Prime Contracts

A contract used when one or more constructors are employed under separate contracts to perform work on the same project, either in a sequence or coincidentally.

Warranty Deed

A guarantee that the property title will be transferred to a buyer free of liens, claims or other debts

What is a water table?

A level beneath the Earth's surface, below which all pore spaces are filled with water and above which the pore spaces are filled with air. The top of the zone of saturation in a subsurface rock, soil or sediment unit.

What is a tax increment financing?

A method cities use to issue bonds to pay for improvements (sewers, streets) within a specific district that are intended to stimulate private development within a district

What is a "ad valorem tax?"

A tax based on the value of the property being taxed.

Assessment

A valuation set on taxable property

AIA Document Series

A: Owner/GC B: Owner/Architect C: Architect/consultant D: Industry standards G: Contract and office admin crap (bid doc. logs, change orders, construction change directive)

Wetlands

Areas that are inundated/saturated with surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration enough to support vegetation adapted for life in saturated conditions

Indemnification Clause

Attempts to hold harmless both the owner and the architect for any damages, claimes or losses resulting from the performance of any work on the project whether by the contractor or others with whom the architect has no contractual relationship

Architectural Programming

Concentrates on seeking the problem, not the solution. During this phase, objectives are stated, functional reqs are described, and detailed reqs. are noted, in order to help the client understand the real problems in regards to the project and provide a sound basis for making design decisions. There are 4 major considerations: 1.) Form 2.) Function 3.) Economy 4.) Time

Performance Building Code

Establishes the functional reqs that a structure must satisfy under specific conditions. Can be altered, unlike Prescriptive Building Code

Site Design

Exploration of possible solutions to a specific site problem for the conscious rearrangement of the environment for human use.

Finish Grading

Final moving of soil prior to landscaping or paving

What happens here and how long does it last: CD

Final working drawings, project manuals, bid docs, contract docs 3-7 Months

What is a lien release?

In the mechanics lien process, a lien waiver is a document from a contractor, subcontractor, materials man, equipment lessor or other party to the construction project (the claimant) stating they have received payment and waive any future lien rights to the property (of the owner).

Rough Grading

Involves moving of soil prior to construction to about the level of the final grades

Agency

Legal concept that one person (agent) acts on behalf of another (principal). The architect is the agent and the client is the principal.

In what phase is design and construction time frame set up?

Programming, this is key because it influences cost (the longer, the more $), design decisions, and project feasibility.

Prescriptive Building Code

Specifies construction methods, and materials in detail, cannot be altered

Gross Building Area

Sum of all building areas (Assigned and not) measured to the exterior face of perimeter walls, including interior walls, columns and shafts

Net Building Areas

Sum of all usable (leasable) space measured to the inside face of enclosing walls. Does not include spaces not directly housing the primary activities of the building, such as circulation, corridor, lobbies, WC, custodial spaces, stairways, mechanical spaces. The list are called: Unassigned Spaces

Ad Valorum Tax

Taxes based on the value of the property being taxed

Shoring

Temporary support for excavation walls consisting of vertical beams and horizontal timbers

Invert

The lowest elevation of a existing public sewer line. It should be established during planning because the effluent (out flowing of water) must flow from the lowest point where the sewer line leaves the building to the main sewer.

Development Rights Transfer

The owner of a historical property may "sell" the development rights to his property of the owner of another nearby property, allowing the owner to develop at a higher density.

Architectural design is:

The process of giving form to an idea by setting: 1.) Objectives 2.) Analyzing info 3.) Planning spaces and conception of form

Primary Work Group

The producers or the collectors of resource: Miners, farmers, fisherman

R Value

Thermal resistance in a building component, the higher the R value, the greater the insulation ability

What is a developer impact fee?

Used to fund infrastructure improvements made necessary by new developments. These fees are common but can have negative effects because developers look for areas to build where impact fees are not charged

For door hardware, what is the max. allowed threshold size and are round door knobs allowed for panic hardware?

0.5" high at 1:2 slope, a round knob is NOT ALLOWED.

For urinals, what is the max. height and minimum size needed in front of it?

1.) 17" 2.) 30"x48" needed

According to A101-2007, when mediation fails according to A201-2007, the next step for binding resolution is:

1.) Arbitration 2.) Litigation

According to A201-2007, when the architect has approved an application for payment, he is saying to the owner that the work is done to the best of his knowledge. What does the architect's application NOT SAY?

1.) Architect made exhaustive inspections on work quality or quantity 2.) Review work means, methods, and techniques 3.) Reviewed all liens and claims to the work (if any) 4.) Examined how the GC previously used his money

In estimating the value of land, any of the following approaches are used except: 1.) Assessment approach 2.) Income approach 3.) Market approach 4.) Cost approach

1.) Assessment approach There is no such thing as the assessment approach.

According to A201-2007, each subcontract agreement for a portion of the work is assigned by the GC to the owner, provided the following: (This is section 5.4)

1.) Assignment is effective only after owner terminates contract and only for subcontract agreements that the owner accepts by notifying the sub and GC in writing 2.)Surety must consent, if any, obligated under bond relating to contract (section 5.4) 3.) Upon such assignment, if the work has been suspended more than 30 days, the sub's compensation shall be adjusted for increases in cost resulting from suspension. 4.) Owner may further assign the subcontract to a successor GC or entity, when this occurs, the owner shall nevertheless remain legally responsible for the successor's obligations under contract. When the owner accepts the assignment of a subcontract, the owner assumes the GC's rights/obligations under the contract

According to A201-2007, What is a reason the architect can use to nullify a previously issued Certificate of Payment? What happens when these reasons are remedied?

1.) Bad work not fixed 2.) A claim arises 3.) GC fails to pay subs 4.) Evidence to suggest that GC cannot finish within budget 5.) Damage to owner or other GC 6.) Evidence to suggest that GC cannot finish in time. 7.) Repeat failure to follow contract documents The withheld amounts can be approved and paid.

What is affected by site setbacks? (Pick 4) 1.) Bay window 2.) Roof overhang 3.) Fence 4.) Detached garage 5.) Landscape 6.) Deck

1.) Bay window 2.) Roof overhang 4.) Detached garage 6.) Deck Zoning affects buildings/accessory buildings/others

According to A201-2007, at final completion, if the work left to be done is less than the retainage, what does the GC give the architect?

1.) Bonds 2.) The written consent of surety Section 9.10.3 This DOES NOT WAIVE any claims

According to A201-2007, what does the architect issue to the owner at substanstial and final completion?

1.) Certificate of Substantial Completion OR Certificate of Final Completion 2.) Any written warranties 3.) Final Certificate of Payment

According to A201-2007, the making of final payment constitute a waiver of claims by the owner except those from:

1.) Claims, liens 2.) Failure of work to follow contract documents 3.) Terms of special warranties (if any)

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, during CD, what does the architect assist the owner with?

1.) Develop/prep bid info 2.) Owner/gc agreement 3.) Contract conditions

According to A201-2007, the architect informs the owner of what after the site visits?

1.) Deviations of work from the contract documents and the GC's most recent construction schedule. 2.) Defects and deficiencies in the work

What step in this in Architectural Programming: Establish Goals

1.) Goals indicate what the client wants and why. Creates a direction of programmatic concepts that ultimately suggests the physical means of achieving them. EX: Increase daily informal interaction between student and teachers

What is the main focus on any codes?

1.) Health (especially zoning codes) 2.) Safety (especially Building codes) 3.) Welfare (especially zoning codes)

What are the effects of shortening a schedule?

1.) Higher cost of design 2.) Higher cost of Construction 3.) Lower Quality Project

Effects of Shortening a Schedule

1.) Higher design cost 2.) Higher construction cost 3.) Lower project quality

Typical building efficiency levels:

1.) Hospital (55%) 2.) College/courthouse (60%) 3.) Apartments (65%) 4.) Auditorium/Bank/Restaurant (70%) 5.) Prison/Office (75%) 6.) Depaato (80%) 7.) Parking Garage/Service areas (85%)

According to A201-2007, whose permission does the Owner need to occupy the building at substantial completion?

1.) Insurance company 2.) GC 3.) Public authorities having jurisdiction over the project (if any)

According to A201-2007, the owner need's whose written permission to partially occupy?

1.) Insurance company or companies providing property insurance 2.) GC

Exit path cannot path through what?

1.) Kitchen 2.) Storerooms 3.) Closets It cannot pass through a space than can be locked from the inside.

What is the best location for doors in these climes? 1.) Cool 2.) Temperate

1.) Leeward side to avoid winter winds 2.) South side to take advantage of sun

For changes in floor height, at what height do you need a treatment?

1.) Less than 1/4": No treatment needed 2.) 1/4"-1/2": Beveled with 1:2 slope 3.) More than 1/2": Ramp

A company is doing a small library addition, the architect chose a project manager who then chooses 2 interns. The PM is making a schedule based on the available work hours and the deadline. What schedule is best? 1.) Milestone chart 2.) Bar chart 3.) Gantt Chart 4.) CPM

1.) Milestone chart These are best for small projects with few people. They list deadlines and who does each task. The other 3 choices are too complex for something this small.

How are prospective bidders notified?

1.) Newspaper/trade journals 2.) Invitation to bid

What is the factor used to find the clear width of buildings?

1.) Non sprinkler: (0.3 for stairs, 0.2 for other egress) 2.) Sprinkler: (0.2 for stairs, 0.15 for other egress)

The "occupancy classification" of a building affects what?

1.) Occupant load 2.) Egress design 3.)Interior finishes 4.) Fire partition/barrier/detection/suppression system 5.) Ventilation and sanitation system

When stairs with a occupant load greater than 50, what is the min. width?

1.) Occupant load less than 50: 36" 2.) Occupant load more than 50: 44" 3.) Means of egress: 48" CLEAR BETWEEN HANDRAILS

According to A201-2007, when there is damage on a property that the owner has purchased property insurance, how is the money split?

1.) Owner 2.) (If applicable) GC, who then distributes to his subs

After the awarding of the bid, what does the owner give the GC?

1.) Owner is financially able to pay GC

According to C401-2007, what are the items the architect provides to the consultant?

1.) Owner's program for the project. 2.)Detailed layouts showing connection locations 3.) Table of sizes, loads, and other information on the equipment designed, specified or furnished 4.)Latest estimate of the cost of work 5.) Bidding documents 6.) Bid tabulations 7.) Negotiated proposal and contract docs 8.) Changes (change orders, construction change directives) 9.) Any investigations/tests/etc as needed When the consultants asks in writing the architect for something, the architect has 7 days to ask the owner for it, once the owner gives that item to the architect, the architect has 7 days to give to the consultant (Section 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7)

According to A201-2007, the Commercial liability insurance required by the Contract document shall include what as per GC's request?

1.) Owner, architect as additional insured for claims caused in whole/part by GC negligence operations 2.) Owner as an additional insured for claims cause in whole/part by the GC's acts and omissions Section 11.1.4

Which of the following establishes unit price? 1.) Owner/GC agreement (A101) 2.) General Conditions (A201) 3.) Supplementary conditions 4.) Special conditions

1.) Owner/GC agreement (A101)

What are considerations for egress?

1.) Path of egress (example: vertical exitways(areas of refuge), smokeproof towers) 2.) Levels of expected safety 3.) Fire ratings 4.) Exit signs 5.) Door swing and hardwares

What type least disturbs natural surface drainage patterns? 1.) Piles 2.) Raised pad 3.) Stepped foundation 4.) Earthen berms

1.) Piles

What is the order of design?

1.) Pre design 2.) Schematic design 3.) Design development 4.) Construction documents

According to the Owner-GC agreement, what are the responsibilities of the owner?

1.) Provide any evidence request 2.) Pay for approvals and permits (zoning, easements, studies) (This is usually before the contract is signed) 3.) Provide copies of drawings 4.) Right to do work if GC fails/cannot do it (GC has 10 days to respond to owner's written notice before the owner can hire another person)

What are the 7 LEED categories?

1.) Sustainable sites 2.) Water Efficiency 3.) Indoor Environmental Quality 4.)Materials and Resources 5.) Energy and Atmospher 6.)Innovation and Design 7.) Awareness and Education

Effects of Extending a Schdule

1.) Team member add/leave 2.) Cost of project increases due to inflation which can cause project termination/size reduction

The following areas are not required to have ADA.

1.) Temporary facilities involved in the construction (job site trailer) 2.) Raised area used primarily for security or life safety. (life guard tower) 3.) Non-occupiable service areas accessed infrequently for maintenance or monitoring (Catwalk, pumproom) 4.) Single occupant structures accessed from above or below grade (example: tollbooth)

What makes up the IBC?

1.) Uniform Building Code (UBC) 2.) Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) 3.) Standard Building Code (SBC) The IBC and the 3 below are "prescriptive" and NOT performance based.

What determines building height? (Pick 4) 1.) Use group 2.) Construction type 3.) Fire suppression system 4.) Egress means 5.) Occupant load 6.) Zoning ordinances

1.) Use group 2.) Construction type 3.) Fire suppression system 6.) Zoning ordinances The allowable height of a building is determined by the use group and construction type and may be increased if a fire suppression system or enough street frontage is provided. Local zoning codes will also affect height.

What is not a "new town?" 1.) Williamsburg, VA 2.) Columbia, MY 3.) Reston, VA 4.) Greenbelt, MY

1.) Williamsburg, VA

What about eminent domain is wrong? 1.) Before starting the proceedings, the comdemnor (person doing the codemning) must offer to buy the land from owner 2.) Fair market value is based on the market data analysis method 3.) Power of ED. can be delegated to private for-profit company 4.) Right of ED. is based on the 5th amendment in the constitution.

2.) Fair market value is based on the market data analysis method The value is determined by a panel of judges.

Select the four major parts that a project manual is divided into. 1.)Addenda 2.)Bidding requirements 3.)Construction documents 4.)Contracts 5.)Supplementary conditions 6.)Technical specifications

2.)Bidding requirements 4.)Contracts 5.)Supplementary conditions 6.)Technical specifications

When must a detailed composition of a catchment area be known in order to make informed development decisions? 1.)Always 2.)Most of the time 3.)Never 4.)Rarely

2.)Most of the time Catchment areas may be defined by physical boundaries such as a river or freeway, by artificial political boundaries such as a city line or school district limit, or by a less apparent division like between two separate ethnic neighborhoods. Knowing detailed information about the catchment area is important for development projects. Often these projects take a considerable about of time and money to complete and thus, it's important to know that they will fit the needs of the area and be successful. It's important to beware of terms like always and never on the exam. Absolutes in architecture are uncommon.

A Contractor finds asbestos on a site and notifies the Architect. What action should the Architect take? 1.)Instruct to contractor to abate the material 2.)Promptly notify the Owner and suggest agencies that could help assess the problem 3.)Suggest to the Contractor agencies that could help assess the problem 4.)Instruct the Contractor to continue work until the Architect can conduct a site visit to determine a next course of action

2.)Promptly notify the Owner and suggest agencies that could help assess the problem With renovations in older construction there are many unknowns that may be uncovered as the project progresses. It's not uncommon to uncover asbestos. However an environmental expert must decide how to best remedy this kind of issue. This should not be assessed by the Architect or Contractor (unless they want more liability than they signed up for) and thus is the Owner's responsibility. The Architect can best assist the Owner by providing contact information for the appropriate agencies.

Which method of scheduling would most likely have the best commitment from the architect's team? 1.) Bar chart 2.) CPM 3.) Full wall schedule 4.) Milestone

3.) Full wall schedule

"The level of amenity" is mostly associated with what? 1.) SD 2.) Conceptual design 3.) Market study 4.) Interior Design

3.) Market study

According to C401-2007, the consultants indemnify the architect against claims by who?

3rd parties (Section 8.3)

According to C401-2007, the architects indemnify the consultants against claims by who?

3rd parties (Section 8.4)

What is NOT used when a community wants to adopt the principles of "defensible space?" 1.) Gated streets 2.) Strict code enforcement 3.) Loan programs for 1st time buyers 4.) Specs on vandal-resistant materials

4.) Specs on vandal-resistant materials

What is the minimum corridor width for a occupant load greater than 50?

44 inches

What is the standard minimum width for an exit corridor (answer in inches without units Ex. 12)

44" (if occupancy load over 50), it can 36" (if occupancy load is less than 50), needs to be 48" (between the handrails if for ADA)

How many types of residential zoning are there?

5

Which of the following cannot modify wind patterns? 1.)Bodies of water 2.)Buildings 3.)Trees 4.)Topography 5.)None of the above

5.)None of the above Bodies of water, trees, buildings, and topography all have the ability to modify wind patterns. Since water is typically cools the air over it during the day, warm air is pushed over land causing a breeze. Trees, especially coniferous, can block and/or redirect wind from their branches and leaves (or thistles). A cluster of trees 50-150 feet deep can reduce the velocity of wind by 30%-60% up to an extend 10 times the height of the tree line. The velocity of wind at the crest of a hill can be 20% greater than the velocity of wind in a valley.

What is the minimum ramp landing length?

60"

Fast Track Scheduling

A technique to save time, Combines the arch/engineer schedule with the GC construction schedule. This is considered an additional cost

What document number is "Instructions to Bidders?"

AIA Document A701

What is the minimum height of a guardrail?

According to section 1013.3 Height of the IBC Required guards shall not be less than 42 inches high.

What is rehabilitation?

Acknowledges the need to alter or add to a historic property to meet continuing or changing uses while retaining the property's historic character. Order of most to least historically accurate: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, Reconstruction.

According to C401-2007, when can the architect use the consultant's instrument of services?

After the signing of C401-2007 (Section 7.1)

In terms of activities, what is good for slopes of 0-4% ?

All types of intense activities and are easy to build on.

What is an "easement" in terms of land surveying?

An easement is defined as the right to use, cross or access another's piece of land without assuming ownership. Although sometimes they may significantly affect the value of the land, in many cases easements are simply a fact of life, and there are many types of easements that you may not even be aware of, even though you live with them every day. The right to use the land, when conferred by an easement rather than outright ownership, is limited to a particular purpose or type of use. It is considered an interest in the land, but it does not allow the owner of the easement to do anything they like with the property. The land itself cannot be occupied, but it can be used only for the purposes detailed in the easement itself. A great example of an easement is when a land owner whose land is not bordered by any roads must cross another's land to reach the road (also known as a right of way easement. Easements are also commonly granted to utility companies (utility easements) to run various lines across the land. Some may affect where you can place fences or other structures on your property. A preservation easement, for historic districts, may restrict what types of changes you may make to the historic building, such as structural additions or even paint colors. Others, called recreation easements, allow the public to use undeveloped land for biking, hiking, hunting, fishing, or other recreational uses. In some states, land owners can receive tax incentives for these easements. While easements serve a wide range of purposes, from a legal standpoint they all tend to fall into one of two categories: an easement appurtenant or an easement in gross. An easement appurtenant goes with the land, and if the land is sold, the easement continues with the new owner. Similarly, if the land served by the easement is sold, the new owner of that parcel will also gain the easement. The owner of an easement appurtenant must own a parcel of land that is affected by having the easement, which is usually a piece of property adjacent to or near the one to which the easement applies. The other type of easement, an easement in gross, is a right that belongs to a particular person or entity regardless of location, and is not specifically attached to a piece of property. This type of easement can be granted to an entity who does not own an adjacent piece of land but may need access to multiple parcels of property for their purposes—for example, utility companies, communications companies, billboard companies, etc. If you are buying a piece of land, a land survey can let you know if there are any easements associated with the property. You may also wish to have a land survey completed if someone is asking for an easement on land that you own, so that you can be sure exactly what the easement entails. Existing easements can also be found through a title survey. It's important to find out about easements before you buy land because they can affect the value of your property. An easement may be inconvenient, but in most cases you should not abandon a possible land purchase simply because there is an easement. Before agreeing to purchase a property with easements, consider whether it will affect your use of the property or future resale values.

According to A201-2007, what happens when there is a credit due as a result of a change or deletion in work that results in a net decrease of the contract sum?

As per section 7.3.8, it confirmed by the architect

What happens here and how long does it last: CA

Assures that the structure is building built according to CD Time Varies

What is not part of an architects standard services? 1.) Project manual 2.) Program development service 3.) Structural design services 4.) Shop drawing review

B, the owner is responsible for providing a program setting forth the owner's objectives, schedule and space reqs/relationships

If you want to find out how many WC, exits, stairs, and sinks you need for a school, where do you look?

Building Code, it concerns "Life Safety," and hourly rating/locations of doors and exits

Where can one find the information on the maximum number of occupants allowed in a building?

Building code

According to C401-2007, when there is an inconsistency between the "Prime Contract" and C401-2007, what governs?

C401-2007 governs Prime agreement is another name for the architect's agreement with the owner (B201)

Rank from the highest to the lowest ODP (Ozone Depleting Potential) 1.) HFC 2.)HCFC 3.)CFC

CFC, HCFC, HFC

Place the 5 activities of the programming phase in order: 1.) Collect data 2.) Define problem 3.) Development programmatic concepts 4.) Owner describes project goals 5.) Reconcile list of spaces with project budget

CORRECT ORDER: 1.) Owner describes project goals 2.) Collect data 3.) Development programmatic concepts 4.) Reconcile list of spaces with project budget 5.) Define problem During step #3: the programmer develops schematic diagrams in order to organize the facts collected in the previous steps and present them in a visually clear manner. These diagrams display the sizes and spatial relationships of the spaces needed. During step #5: The programmer defines the problem. This is the goal of programming: to define the problem so that it can be solved during the design phase.

Which of the following buildings does not contain "anthropomorphic" elements? 1.) Nationalen Nederlanden Building 2.) Erechtheum 3.) Casa Mila 4.) Unite d'Habitation

Casa Mila. Anthropomorphism: Idea of giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. 1.) Nationalen Nederlanden Building: Looks like 2 dancers 2.) Erechtheum: has sculptures of woman 4.) Unite d'Habitation: has the curves of a woman's thigh

What is AIA Document G704-2000?

Certificate of Substantial Completion

What is AIA Document G701-2001?

Change Order

What is "downzoning?"

Change in zoning resulting in a decrease of allowable density.

Who developed the idea of "neighborhoods?"

Clarence Perry in 1929. They are an area in which the people all share similar needs, desires in housing, social activities, etc.

An entrance along an arterial road or a collector street, which one is more preferable?

Collector street

What is AIA Document G714-2007?

Construction Change Directive

According to C401-2007, who is responsible for the consultant's means and methods? Who is responsible for the consultant's acts or omissions?

Consultant takes full responsibility of both (Section 1.4)

Before the GC/owner/architect can agree to the specifics of the change order (such as pricing), what is the change order called?

Contemplated Change Order

What is the simplest circulation pattern?

Dumbell system

Which of the below technologies is most common in groundwater remediation? 1.)Extraction/treatment 2.) In situ aeration 3.)Biological barriers/filters 4.) Gas chromatography

Extraction/treatment (or pump and treat) is the most widely used groundwater remediation technology. In this process ground water is pumped to the surface and is coupled with either biological or chemical treatments to remove impurities.

According to A201-2007, when the IDM receives a claim, the IDM is NOT ALLOWED to seek outside assistance in order to maintain partiality.

FALSE

According to A201-2007, the owner needs to do what against the GC, subs, architect against claims, losses, damages as a result of the work done to render a hazardous area to be safe?

In section 10.3.3., the owner is to indemnify and hold harmless the other parties

According to A201-2007, what happens when the owner occupies the property BEFORE substantial completion?

In section 9.9.1., the owner and the GC need to agree to responsibilities.

According to A201-2007, what does the GC do when site conditions do not match what is shown in the contract documents?

Issue an RFI to the architect

According to A201-2007, what happens when a GC signs a construction change directive?

It becomes a change order

What is an "affirmative covenant?"

It commits a buyer to performing a specific duty in the future.

Why is it important to know the occupancy classification?

It has effects on the building egress, max. area and number of allowed floors.

Catchment areas (AKA: Market areas, trade areas, tributary areas)

It is the surrounding base of population within a geographical region, such as the people living a certain distance from the proposed location of a shopping plaza. 1.) Can be defined by specific functions or population 2.) Boundaries determined by geographic, artificial or political boundaries 3.) Residential catchments are determined by local transportation

What is a programming statement?

It states the problem but does not offer the solution or strategy.

What is the difference between windward and leeward?

Leeward: Side away from wind direction Windward: Side facing the wind direction

What is a "guaranteed max. price?"

Max. price the client sets for cost of the whole project.

According to A201-2007, does occupancy at substantial completion mean an acceptance of work not complying with Contract documents?

NO

According to A201-2007, the GC can make substitutions with what?

ONLY with owner consent

According to A101-2007, whose permission does the GC need if he wants to make payments for materials/supplies that have not been delivered and stored on site?

Owner

According to A201-2007, what happens if the GC fails to clean up as provided in the contract documents?

Owner may seek outside help and the GC will reimburse the owner

According to A201-2007, what are samples?

Physical examples that illustrate materials, equipment or workmanship and ESTABLISH STANDARDS BY WHICH WORK WILL BE JUDGED

What is "surcharging" (soil treatment type)

Preload of ground with fill material to cause the existing soil to settle, then once the settling is done, the fill is removed and construction begins.

What type of code is the International Building Code?

Prescriptive

What is true about preservation? 1.)Allows the opportunity to recreate a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials 2.)Attempts to retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair 3.)Emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but gives more latitude to replacement because it assumes the property is in disrepair 4.)Focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history while permitting the removal of materials from other periods

Preservation "places a high premium on the retention of all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance and repair." All materials added to a building over its life are retained and only work which is necessary to protect it from deterioration is carried out.

Rank the following from most to least historically accurate: 1.) Reconstruction 2.) Rehabilitation 3.) Restoration 4.) Preservation

Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, Reconstruction.

According to C401-2007, what is another name for the architect's agreement with the owner?

Prime Agreement, it is part of C401-2007.

When is the most cost effective time to make changes?

Programming

What is "subdivision exaction?"

Requirements that developers either dedicate some land for public usage or contribute cash for the purchase of land made necessary by local government

What is the min. max of stairs?

Riser: Min. is 4", max is 7" threads: min. is 11"

What is NFPA 286?

Similar to NFPA 265, but does not include "textiles"

What is C401-2007?

Standard form of agreement between architect and consultant

Who is the GC's rep. on site?

Superintendent

What is the new town concept? 1.)The idea that new communities can be built away from the crowding and ugliness of existing cities 2.)The idea that new communities should exist symbiotically with preexisting cities 3.)The idea that new communities should be modeled after ancient cities 4.)The idea that towns should be created with integrated employment and shopping centers.

The New Town concept originated in Great Britain in the 1940s. The concept revolved around the idea that new communities should be located outside of the chaos and ugliness of the city. The idea largely failed in England and the United States because it created isolated towns that lacked employment opportunities. Examples: Columbia, Maryland, Greenbelt, Maryland and Reston, Virginia. They never became truly independent as they lacked significant employment centers.

Retro Commissioning

The application of the commissioning process to existing buildings and seeks to improve how building equipment and systems work together

What is "debt service?"

The cost to pay off the construction loan for a project and is generally considered an ongoing cost over many years.

What is " bonus ratio?"

The floor area ratio that is provided if the public space is part of the design

The '____________ approach' is used in dense areas where there is no vacant land for the appraiser to compare raw land values. 1.)Cost 2.)Income 3.)Local 4.)Market

The income approach is a type of assessment used by appraisers to determine the value of income generating properties such as apartments or stores. It is used in dense areas where there is no vacant land for the appraiser to compare land values. In this assessment approach, the investor estimates the improvements that could be made to provide the highest financial returns.

What is a "right of way?"

The legal right of one party or public to cross into land belonging to another. The most common example is the public land used for streets and sidewalks.

According to A101-2007, the Application of Payment is based on what?

The most recent schedule of values that was submitted by the GC in accordance with the Contract Documents. This document is used by the architect to review the GC's applications for payment also.

According to A201-2007, what is the "project?"

The total construction of which the work performed under the contract documents

Critical Path

The total project time established by the path with the longest total req. time

According to A201-2007, what happens when the changes in a Change order or a construction change directive are changed in a way that affects the unit prices that were originally agreed to in the contract document?

The unit price will be adjusted accordingly.

What is the "length of exit discharge travel?"

There is no such thing.

According to A201-2007, how does the owner or GC go about filing claims for consequential damages arising out of the contract?

They cannot, they waive the right. (Section 15.1.6)

AIA Documents B141, subparagraph 1.3.2.2 grant the owner a non-exclusive license to the instruments of service for the purpose of building a project, which means that the owner may reproduce the document as needed to facilitate construction. If the agreement is terminated, the license is terminated and the architect keeps the rights to the documents. If the architect is defaulted, the owner is given a new non-exclusive right to copy to the document and may seek another architect to help finish the project.

This is a fact, not a question flashcard.

What is "despoil?"

To removes items of value from site

Fast Track can reduce how much of a total project time?

Usually 10-30%

What is a swamp?

Wetland that has permanent inundation of large area of land by shallow bodies of water

What does it mean when an item is "listed?"

When a product is tested and passed.

According to A201-2007, How does the owner release retainage to the GC?

With the written consent of the surety.

According to A201-2007, does the owner need to buy Liability insurance?

Yes

What is a bond?

a form of loan or IOU: the holder of the bond is the lender (creditor), the issuer of the bond is the borrower (debtor), and the coupon is the interest.

What is 'the quality of a physical environment that gives it a high probability of evoking a strong image in the mind of any given observer' considered? 1.)Imageability 2.)Node 3.)Ideological distinction 4.)Omelette du fromage

''The quality of a physical environment that gives it a high probability of evoking a strong image in the mind of any given observer' is Kevin Lynch's definition of imageability as defined in his book Image of the City.

How is building efficiency measured?

(Net area / Gross area)(100). It usually ranges from 60-80% efficiency, anything less than 60% is considered inefficient.

According to A201-2007, the owner gives the GC how many copies of the "Contract Documents?"

1

Which of the following is the most frequently used method of estimating construction costs when programming is done? 1.) Unit area cost 2.) Contractor estimate 3.) Construction loan value 4.) Capitalization ratio

1

According to A201-2007, how long is the period for correction of work? What work does it cover?

1 Year, it covers work done between substantial and final completion (Section 12.2.2.2)

According to A201-2007, what does the GC give the owner at work completion as "record of the work as constructed?"

1 copy of each: 1.) drawings 2.) Specs 3.) Addenda 4.) change orders/modifications 5.) all field changes marked 6.) approved shop drawings 7.) product data 8.) Samples 9.) Submittals

According to A201-2007, what does the GC keep at the site?

1 copy of each: 1.) drawings 2.) Specs 3.) Addenda 4.) change orders/modifications 5.) all field changes marked 6.) approved shop drawings 7.) product data 8.) Samples 9.) Submittals

What is the partition rating for a fire barrier?

1 hour or more. The minimum opening rating is 20 minutes to 180 minutes.

What is the partition rating for a smoke barrier?

1 hour, The minimum opening rating is 20 minutes

What is the partition rating for a fire partition?

1 hour. The minimum opening rating for corridor is 20 minutes with others being at 45 minutes

What is a section?

1 mile square parcel of land containing 640 acres.

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, how long after substantial completion must the architect provide a review of building operations/performance free of charge?

1 year

The term "policy board" is associated with what? 1) Joint venture 2.) Architect-consultant 3.) Association 4.) Loose Association

1) Joint venture

Finding mold of pipe insulation is the sign of the following (pick 3): 1.) Excess moisture 2.) Poor soils 3.) Improper ventilation 4.) High water table 5.) Organic feedstock 6.) Insufficient light levels

1, 3, 5

What is the typical soil bearing capacity of 1.) Bedrock 2.) Graded gravel, and sand (graded: measure it has gravel ranging from large to small) 3.) Compacted sand/compacted fill 4.) Silt/clay

1.) 10,000 psf 2.) 3,000-12,000 psf 3.) 2,000-3,000 psf 4.) 1,000-4,000 psf

For maximum benefit from solar orientation, what angle should buildings located in these climes be angled? 1.) Cool 2.) Temperate 3.) Hot arid 4.) Hot humid

1.) 12 deg. 2.) 17.5 deg. 3.) 5 deg. 4.) 25 deg.

When can an accessible slope be more than 1:12?

1.) 1:10 when less than 6" height change 2.) 1:8 when less than 3" height change

For toilet stalls, at what height should the assist/grab bars be at and what is the minimum stall size?

1.) 33-36" 2.) 36"x60"

For sinks, what is the mounting height and minimum size needed in front of it?

1.) 34" max. 2.) 30"x48"

For water fountains, what is the mounting height and minimum size needed in front of it?

1.) 36" max. 2.) 30"x48"

What is the minimum needed accessible seating amount for: 1.) Fixed/built in seating situations: restaurants, clubs, churches 2.) Assembly with fixed seating

1.) 5% of total seats or at least 1 2.) 1% of total seats or at least 1

When is a construction manager constantly hired?

1.) A fast-track multiple prime contract 2.)When the owner wants expertise early on in the project 3.) Owner is willing to deal with multiple professionals 4.) The CM is sensitive to the relationship between the architect and the owner and doesn't try to come between the two.

According to A101-2007 (Standard Form of Agreement between Owner and Contractor where the basis of payment is a Stipulated Sum), what are in the Contract Documents?

1.) A101-2007 (Owner/GC Agreement) 2.) Conditions of the Contract (A201-2007 AKA. General Conditions), Supplementary and Special) 3.) Drawings 4.) Specifications 5.) Changes (addenda, change orders, Construction Change Directive, order for minor change of work) 6.) Other documents listed in A101-2007 (IF ANY)

What are the 3 common fire-resistive test?

1.) ASTM E-119: Tests the wall sample's ability to prevent the passage of fire/heat/hot gas for a certain time. 2.) NFPA 252: Same as above but for doors 3.) NFPA 257: Determine's a window's degree of protection to the spread of fire/flame/heat/hot gas

How do you find the occupant load?

1.) Actual number of people (ex: 150 chairs = 150 people) 2.) Occupant load factor 100 sqft / occupant load factor of 2 = 50 people allowed 3.) Determine the cumulative occupant load (Similar to #2)

According to A201-2007, What does the GC need to do to become eligible for final payment?

1.) All bills paid, no liens (If the GC cannot furnish this, he must furnish a bond to protect the owner) 2.) All insurance required is in effect (any warranty cannot be cancelled without a 30 days written notice to the owner) 3.) Paper saying the GC knows of no reason the insurance cannot be renewed. 4.) Surety consent 5.) Other documents previously agreed to

What are these and give examples? 1.) External load dominated buildings 2.) Internal load dominated building

1.) Buildings whose energy use is determined by heat loss/gain through the building skin. Include: house, apartment, condo, warehouse. 2.) Buildings whose energy use is determined by heat gain from occupants/equipment/lighting. Examples: hospital, stores, schools, labs

According to C401-2007, what makes up the agreement?

1.) C401-2007: Standard form of agreement between architect and consultant 2.) Prime Agreement: another name for the architect's agreement with the owner (B101-2007) 3.) E201-2007: Digital data protocol exhibit (IF APPLICABLE) (Section 13.2)

City planning in the US was strongly influenced by: 1.) Columbian Exposition of 1893 2.) Ordinance of 1785 3.) L'Enfant's Plan of Washington DC 4.) Garnier's Cite Industrielle 5.) The Industrial Revolution

1.) Columbian Exposition of 1893 2.) Ordinance of 1785 4.) Garnier's Cite Industrielle 5.) The Industrial Revolution The Columbian Exposition of 1893 renewed interest in city planning and prompted many cities to plan civic centers and parks. The Ordinance of 1785 started the rectangular survey system, which reinforced the idea of grid planning that became used in Philadelphia. Philadelphia was based on a "Gridiron Street System" with planned public spaces, uniform spacing and setbacks. Garnier's Plan for Cite Industrielle started the idea of "zoning" The Industrial Revolution prompted a reform about how people thought about planning, which greatly influenced Europe and USA.

What is NOT part of the construction management at risk project delivery method? 1.) Complete package of construction docs. prior to start of construction 2.) 3 Prime players 3.) 2 Separate contracts 4.) Provider selection based on facts other than cost

1.) Complete package of construction docs. prior to start of construction Construction management at risk is often used with Fast track. The GC advises on scheduling/constructability/cost, and offers a GMP for the owner.

According to A201-2007, what should the GC prepare promptly after he is awarded the contract?

1.) Contractor's Construction schedule for the work. 2.) Submittal schedule (it should be coordinated with #1, and allow the architect reasonable time to review)

What climate is best for these design strategies? 1.) Shade opening with movable awnings 2.) Dark exterior colors 3.) No northern windows 4.) Compact forms 1.) Cool 2.) Temperate 3.) Hot humid 4.) Hot arid

1.) Cool

What will happen when the critical path is shortened? Pick 2 1.) Direct cost up 2.) Direct cost down 3.) Overhead up 4.) Overhead down 5.) QC up 6.) Activities on float path will be delayed

1.) Direct cost up 4.) Overhead down Shorter construction needs more equipment/hours to do due to reduced time. Work is less efficient/supervision more difficult. QC will be down, more rush=more mistake. Overhead will go down. Activities on float may be done more quickly but a change in the critical path schedule would not delay the float.

According to A201-2007, the owner and GC waive all rights against:

1.) Each other and their subs 2.) The architect and his subs In involves waiving claims of damages caused by fire and other property insurance covered damages, except such rights as they have to proceeds of such insurance held by owner as fiduciary. The owner and GC shall require all parties involved to waive rights against each other. This waiver of subrogation shall be effective as to a person or entity even though that person/entity would otherwise have a duty of indemnification, did not pay the insurance premium and whether of not the person had insuranble interest in the damaged property. Section 11.3.7

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, when the owner terminates the contract, he owes the architect what?

1.) Expenses directly resulted from the termination 2.) Amount of anticipated profit on the value of the services not done by the architect

Pro Forma Statement

1.) Financial projection for the development of a project meant to determine if the project is feasible, given estimates on potential income and the cost of developing the project. 2.) A way to determine a project's construction budget by listing labor and construction costs.

According to A201-2007, the GC indemnifies the owner for:

1.) Fixing of any materials the GC brings on site that were damaged by GC negligence 2.) The GC fails to perform as per contract documents (unless it was proven to be out of GC scope of control) Section 10.3.5

How do you determine the width of exits?

1.) For Stairs: (Occupant load)(0.03) 2.) For others: (Occupant load)(0.02)

What is best for development (according to "Design with Nature" by McHarg) 1.) Forest/woodland 2.) Prime agricultural land 3.) Marshland 4.) Aquifer recharge area

1.) Forest/woodland It is the most tolerant to human use. Least to most tolerant of human use: 1.) Surface water 2.) Marshes 3.) Floodplains 4.) Aquifer recharge area (An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well. Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer.) 5.) Aquifers 6.) Steep slopes 7.) Forest/woodlands 8.) Flat land (except prime agricultural land)

What are the 4 considerations during programming?

1.) Form 2.) Function 3.) Economy 4.) Time

According to A201-2007, the contract documents create a contractual relationship only to GC and owner and NOT TO WHO:

1.) GC and architect/architect's consultant. 2.) Owner and Subs 3.) Owner and architect's consultants 4.) ANY OTHER PERSON OTHER THAN OWNER AND GC

According to A201-2007, when the GC submits shop drawings, product data or samples to the architect, what is the GC saying?

1.) GC reviewed/approved them 2.) They match with site conditions/measurements 3.) Checked and coordinated the info in the submittals with the requirements of the work and of the Contract Documents

What happens here and how long does it last: Schematic design phase

1.) General Project layout 2.) Preliminary Alternate studies for materials/building systems 1-2 Months

What is contained in a "program report?"

1.) Goals and objective of client 2.) Site analysis 3.) Aesthetic considerations 4.) Spatial requirements 5.) Adjacency requirements 6.) Organization concepts 7.) Codes, and budget demands 8.) Scheduling limits

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, when the architect issues a certificate of payment, he is NOT guaranteeing what?

1.) He made exhaustive site visits for quality/quantity of work 2.) Reviewed means/methods/etc 3.) Reviewed the GC's right to payment 4.) Reviewed how the GC used the money he was paid

What 2 factors are considered when designing windows?

1.) Height of window head above floor 2.) Effective aperature: a ratio of the VLT (visible light transmittance: percentage of light that passes through glass) and the window to wall ratio (net glazing area in a room divided by gross exterior wall area)

Zoning Ordinances include what?

1.) How a site can be developed (districts, permitted or permitted uses, communities) 2.) FARS 3.) Minimum lot size and dimensions 4.) Max. lot coverage 5.) Max. building heights 6.) Minimum setbacks 7.) Parking Requirements 8.) PUD (Planned Urban Development) These assist in the "economic vitality" and health/welfare of the city while not harming city welfare. They are a set of rules set by a local government regarding zoning. They specify what can be built where. If the zoning ordinance and the building code are conflicting,the STRICTER one takes precedence.

According to A201-2007, how does the IDM present his decision?

1.) In writing 2.) State the reasons 3.) Notify the parties involved and the architect (if architect is not the IDM) of changes to contract sum or time The IDM decision is final and binding BUT subject to mediation, then to binding dispute resolution.

What are examples of regulatory overlays?

1.) Incentives (Amenities, enterprise zones, TOD, etc) 2.) Historic Districts 3.) Watershed Regulations (to protect the quality of water, not a "watershed" as in important) 4.) FAA Requirements

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, when the bids come in and are all over the owner's budget, what can he do?

1.) Increase budget 2.) Rebid at a later time 3.) Withdrawal the bid 4.) Work with architect to revise program/scope/quality 5.) Other mutually acceptable solution

If the lowest bid exceeds the owner's budget, what can he do?

1.) Increase budget 2.) Rebid/renegotiate 3.) Terminate project 4.) Revise scope/quality

According to A201-2007, what does the architect do at final completion?

1.) Inspect to see if work really is finally compete 2.) Issue final Certificate of Payment

According to A201-2007, if there is a change in contract sum in regards to a construction change directive, how is the adjustment accounted for?

1.) Mutually agreed to lump sum 2.) Unit price stated in the contract document 3.) Mutually accepted fixed fee or percentage 4.) If the first 3 don't work, as decided by the architect

Construction Management: Construction Manager as Advisor (CMa)

1.) Owner 2.) CMa brought in 3.) PD (arch) 4.) SD (arch) 5.) DD (arch) 6.) CD (arch) 7.) GC brought in (NOTE: THERE IS NO BIDDING PROCESS) 8.) Subs suggested by GC and selected 9.) Construction cost determined 10.) CMa as the CA 11.) Finished Building Facts: 1.) CMa administers design contracts 2.) Acts as owner's rep to the design team 3.) CMa has not financial responsibility 4.)Owner can address costs/constructability early in design 5.) THIS IS NOT A PROJECT DELIVERY METHOD BUT CAN BE USED FOR: Design-bid-build, design-build 6.) Includes GMP

Construction Management: Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc)

1.) Owner 2.) CMc 3.) PD (arch) 4.) SD (arch) 5.) DD (arch) 6.) Cost determined 7.) CD (arch) 8.) Subs (CMc) 9.) CA (arch) 10.) Finished Facts: 1.) Vendor relationship with owner 2.) Has financial responsibility with project 3.) Brought in before design phase to help with constructability 4.) Owner can address costs/constructability early in design 5.) It is similar to the Design-negotiate-build in that the price is the result of negotiations and not competitive bids. 6.) Price is given as a GMP 7.) GC selection based on qualifications and usually not cost 8.) The Spearin Cost is reduced as the GC responsibility.

Who should be involved in the building design process?

1.) Owner 2.) Occupants

What establishes an "unit price?" 1.) Owner GC contract A101 2.) General Conditions A201 3.) Supplementary conditions 4.) Special Conditions

1.) Owner GC contract A101

According to A201-2007, the GC may request from the owner reasonable evidence that he is able to fulfill payments if what happens?

1.) Owner fails to pay GC according to Contract Documents 2.) A change in the work changes the Contract Sum 3.) GC has reasonable concern that owner cannot pay

According to A201-2007, what does the architect do at substantial completion?

1.) Prepare certificate of substantial completion which will set the Date of Substantial Completion 2.) Inspect if work really is substantially complete 3.) Establish responsibilities of the Owner and GC for security, maintenance, etc 4.) Set date when GC will finish all work and fix everything 5.) Warranties (if any) begin at Substantial Completion

A construction manager is beneficial in these situations:

1.) Projects with fast-tracked multiple prime contracts 2.) The earlier the CM joins, the better 3.) Projects in which the owner is willing to deal with multiple professionals 4.) They can act as advisor (CM has no direct financial responsibility for project) and construction contractor (CM responsible for delivering a finished project at a set price)

What are the 4 variables in a construction budget?

1.) Quality 2.) Quantity 3.) Budget 4.) Time

What are the 4 basic variables when establishing a budget?

1.) Quantity 2.) Quality 3.) Available Funds 4.) Time

What is true of a vegetated roof? 1.) Reduces the amount of stormwater runoff on a site 2.)Reduces the impervious surface area on a site 3.) Increases the amount of water that can be harvested for nonpotable uses such as landscaping and toilets 4.) It will have a longer lifespan than conventional roofing membrane 5.) It reduces the heat island effect 6.) More expensive to maintain than traditional roofing system.

1.) Reduces the amount of stormwater runoff on a site 2.)Reduces the impervious surface area on a site 4.) It will have a longer lifespan than conventional roofing membrane 5.) It reduces the heat island effect

According to A201-2007, owner can terminate contract if the GC:

1.) Repeatedly fails to provide enough workers or materials 2.) Fails to pay subs 3.)Repeated fails to follow the law 4.) Substantial breach of the contract docs When these conditions are present and with the architect's certification, the Owner needs to give the GC a 7 day written notice and then terminate the GC's employment, subject to any prior rights of the surety: 1.) Excludes the GC from site and take possession of all materials/equipment owned by GC 2.) Accept assignments of subcontracts as per Section 5.4: A.) Assignment is effective only after owner terminates contract and only for subcontract agreements that the owner accepts by notifying the sub and GC in writing B.)Surety must consent, if any, obligated under bond relating to contract (section 5.4) C.) Upon such assignment, if the work has been suspended more than 30 days, the sub's compensation shall be adjusted for increases in cost resulting from suspension. D.) Owner may further assign the subcontract to a successor GC or entity, when this occurs, the owner shall nevertheless remain legally responsible for the successor's obligations under contract. E.)When the owner accepts the assignment of a subcontract, the owner assumes the GC's rights/obligations under the contract 3.) Finish the work by whatever means the owner approves, upon written request of GC, the owner will furnish to the GC a detailed cost incurred by owner in finishing the work

According to A201-2007, when the IDM receives the claim, what can he do?

1.) Request additional information 2.) Reject claim in whole/part 3.) Approve claim 4.) Suggest a compromise 5.) Tell them you cannot solve the claim (give a reason)

Which of the following are gravity powered? 1.) Sanitary sewers 2.) Storm drains 3.) Water line 4.) Gas line

1.) Sanitary sewers 2.) Storm drains

What 3 factors affect cost estimation?

1.) Scope 2.) Quality 3.) Budget

What are the exceptions to the occupant load and number of exit rule?

1.) Second story apartment with 4 units and a max. travel of 50' 2.) 1 story business occupancy with max. occupant load of 50 and max. travel of 75'

Zoning results in what:

1.) Segregation of permitted uses 2.) Population density control 3.) Parking and loading space control 4.) Influences on building form 5.) Stabilizes property value 6.) Prevents poorly planned communities

When the architect is starting the project, what does he need to understand?

1.) Site 2.) Program 3.) Impact of project delivery choices 4.) Regulatory environment 5.) Labor/materials opportunities/limits 6.) Cultural context

What does the client give the architect when the project starts?

1.) Site (survey, geotechnical and legal information) 2.) Program (goal, budget and other key data) 3.) Signed agreement

According to A201-2007, what does the owner provide GC?

1.) Site survey 2.) legal limits and utility locations for site 3.) Legal description of site

Please rank the following from least to most protection for fire: 1.) Smoke Barrier 2.) Fire Barrier 3.) Fire Partition 4.) Fire Wall

1.) Smoke Barrier (used to split health care into separate zones, vertical shafts, vestibule to stairway and areas of refuge) 2.) Fire Partition (Example: Corridor walls, walls separating dwelling units. They must provide a continuous barrier from floor to underside of ceiling assembly/roof) 3.) Fire Barrier (Stairways) (must be continuous floor to floor/roof above) 4.) Fire Wall (Walls separating row house units or separate construction types, must extend from foundation up to the roof)

What type of shading is best for the following: 1.) South facade 2.) West facade 3.) SE and SW facade

1.) South facade: Medium overhang or horizontal louvres 2.) West facade: Vertical louvres 3.) SE and SW facade: Wide overhang OR vertical louvres

In terms of exit separation, with "D" being the diagonal of the space, what is the distance for sprinklered and unsprinklered?

1.) Sprinkler: 1/2D 2.) No sprinkler: 1/3D

The type of foundation to be used on a project is decided by who? 1.) Structural engineer 2.) Geotechnical engineer 3.) Civil engineer 4.) Architect

1.) Structural engineer The geotechnical engineer suggests what type of foundation to use based on soil tests but the final decision is by the structural engineer

According to the Owner-GC agreement, what are the responsibilities of the GC?

1.) Study the drawing and understand all conditions/sites/etc 2.) Notify the appropriate party of errors (if work is done by GC knowing this error, he is responsible however if he didn't know the error then the person who drew the drawing is responsible) 3.) Means/methods of construction 4.) Pay for all fees AFTER the signing of the contract ( notice that the owner pays of these BEFORE the signing of the contract) 5.) Provide a construction schedule 6.) Maintain record documents

According to B141, what are the architect's responsibilities?

1.) Submit items for owner to approve: performance schedule for him and his consultants and submission approvals. 2.) Architect scope of service: A.) Project admin B.) Evaluation of budget and cost of work C.) Evaluation and planning services (this includes a review of quality/cost/time) D.) Design services E.) Construction procurement services F.) Construction Admin.

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, the GC gives the owner what through the architect?

1.) Surety consent in regards to liens 2.) Affidavits indemnifying owner of liens 3.) Any other document specifically stated

According to C401-2007, when the architect or consultant receives information that is "confidential," who can they show the information to?

1.) Their employees 2.) Those that need the information to do work 3.) consultants/contractors whose contracts include similar rules on how to handle confidential information (Section 10.6)

According to the General Conditions, how does the GC protect owner from Liens?

1.) Waiver/release of liens 2.) Affidavit of payment of all debt/claims 3.) Affidavit of release of liens

What are examples of "overlay" codes?

1.) Watershed 2.) FAA 3.) Some even restrict the types of materials you can use MOST projects DO NOT deal with overlay codes

According to A101-2007, when does the owner issue make the final payment to the GC?

1.) When the final Certificate of Payment is issued by the architect 2.) The GC has finished all work listed in the Contract, except work that needs to be corrected as per Section 12.2.2. of AIA Document A201-2007 which states: 12.2.2.1: Within (one year of substantial completion, date of the commencement of warranties, or by any previous agreed date), the GC shall correct all work after receipt of written notice from owner, unless owner previously agreed otherwise. If within 1 year, the owner DOES NOT notify the GC to change some item, the owner gives up their right to have GC fix and for them to claim warranty breach, if GC fails to correct work within 10 days, the owner may seek another GC and charge the original GC (per section 2.4) 12.2.2.2: The 1 year period for work correction ONLY covers items fixed between substantial and final completion. 12.2.2.3: Other works not covered in 12.2.2.2 NOT COVERED 12.2.2.4: GC pays for all corrections 12.2.2.5: 12.2.2 ONLY covers items that are corrected and NOTHING else in the Contract Documents

According to A201-2007, the all risk property insurance covers what portions of the work?

1.) Work stored off site 2.) Work in transit

According to A201-2007, the GC needs to purchase insurance to protect him from: How much is the limit for these insurances?

1.) Workman's Comp. 2.) Claims against injuries/death (for his employees and Others) 3.) Personal liability insurance 4.) Claims for damages, because of injury to or destruction of tangible property 5.) Damages/injury caused by a motor vehicle 6.) Damages/injury caused by operations 7.) Contractual Liability insurance The limit is NOT LESS than the limits of liability mentioned in the contract documents. These insurances shall be maintained UNBROKEN from the first date of work until the date of final payment and termination of any coverage needed to be maintained after final payment, until the expiration of the period of correction (or any other date previously specified in the contract documents) Section 11.1.2

What is not one of Camillo Sitte's artistic principals of town planning? 1.) the development of towns as formally ordered statements in linear circulation 2.) Formation of plazas/streets into organic spatial patterns 3.) Emphasis on the informal nature of the classical mode of town planning 4.) Formation of towns as coherent organisms to be achieved through proper correlation of building.

1.) the development of towns as formally ordered statements in linear circulation

What is a turbine square? 1.)A civic space in the center of a radially-arranged city 2.)A cluster of civic spaces enclosed by gridded streets 3.)Civic spaces around a pinwheel arrangement of streets 4.)A wind turbine located at the city center

1.)A civic space in the center of a radially-arranged city

What do special sales taxes require? 1.)A majority vote of people in the district 2.)Approval from the federal government 3.)A public petition of at least 10,000 signatures 4.)Approval from local government authorities

1.)A majority vote of people in the district A special sales tax is any tax that is imposed for a specific, single purpose use. This kind of tax requires a majority vote from the registered voters in a location. An example of when this tax may be used would be to fund a major transportation project.

When an owner hires an architect, what does the owner typically give the architect? Choose all that apply. 1.)A survey 2.)A geotechnical report 3.)The structural drawings 4.)The mechanical drawings 5.)The program

1.)A survey 2.)A geotechnical report 5.)The program In order to properly perform their services, an Architect must receive a survey, geotechnical report, and program from the Owner. Mechanical and structural drawings cannot be completed until the Architect has provided a design.

What may the Architect do if the actual cost of work given from the selected bidding contractor exceeds what was originally budgeted as percent of the Architect's professional fees? Select all that apply. 1.)Accept a lower profit margin 2.)Decline to continue working 3.)Skip reviews with local municipalities to save money 4.)Negotiate with the Owner to reduce the scope of the project or the scope of the Architect's services 5.)Place a lien on the property

1.)Accept a lower profit margin 2.)Decline to continue working 4.)Negotiate with the Owner to reduce the scope of the project or the scope of the Architect's services Many times, an Architect will base their fees on a percentage of the total construction costs. As the project progresses, the Architect completes cost estimates to give the Owner an idea of overall costs (and subsequently the Architect's fee). However, the cost estimates that the Architect prepares are NOT binding, as the Architect is not a cost estimator. The Owner recognizes this when they sign a standard AIA contract. Section 6.2 of the AIA B101 states, "...The Architect cannot and does not warrant or represent that bids or negotiated prices will not vary from the Owner's budget for the Cost of Work or from any estimate of the Cost of Work or evaluation prepared or agreed to by the Architect." In the event that a high bid creates a fee for the Architect that an Owner is unwilling to pay, the Architect is entitled enforce their contract. This includes what is outlined in section 9.1 of the AIA B101 "If the Owner fails to make payments to the Architect in accordance with this Agreement, such failure shall be considered substantial nonperformance and cause for termination" An Architect may also elect to continue with the job without creating any turbulence and can accept a lower fee. Likewise, a change in services may help resolve the issue. Both of the aforementioned issues should be amended into the contract. Skipping required plan reviews to save money is never an option. Placing a lien on a property may be an avenue if a resolution cannot be reached, but it should not be a first course of action.

What is true about reconstruction? 1.)Allows the opportunity to recreate a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials 2.)Attempts to retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair. 3.)Emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but gives more latitude to replacement because it assumes the property is somewhat deteriorated prior to work 4.)Focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history while permitting the removal of materials from other periods

1.)Allows the opportunity to recreate a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials Reconstruction allows the re-creation of a missing building or element in all new, appropriate materials.

A successfully developed architectural program should contain which 4 of the following? 1.)An itemized inventory of spaces required 2.)Descriptions of functional relationships 3.)Budget requirements & limitations 4.)A description of the owner's goals for the project 5.)A schematic site plan 6.)Estimated costs for major building systems

1.)An itemized inventory of spaces required 2.)Descriptions of functional relationships 3.)Budget requirements & limitations 4.)A description of the owner's goals for the project A successfully completed architectural program should include: -An itemized inventory of spaces required -Descriptions of functional relationships -Budget requirements & limitations -A description of the owner's goals for the project Programming is a part of pre-design so a schematic plan would be inappropriate and premature. At this stage, the design of the building hasn't been developed so costs on major building systems are unknown.

According to the AIA General Conditions (A201), upon receiving a submittal an architect may take which three of the following actions? 1.)Approved 2.)Returned without review 3.)Approved as noted 4.)Not approved

1.)Approved 3.)Approved as noted 4.)Not approved According to Section 4.2.7 of the A201, 4.2.7 The Architect will review and approve, or take other appropriate action upon, the Contractor's submittals such as Shop Drawings, Product Data and Samples, but only for the limited purpose of checking for conformance with information given and the design concept expressed in the Contract Documents... The Architect is required to conduct a review and state if the drawings are approved or not. Most commonly, an architect will mark shop drawings as 1 of the following 4 items: Approved (Reviewed with no exceptions) Approved as noted (Reviewed with exceptions noted) Revise and resubmit (Reviewed and the severity of notes are great enough to warrant a second look after changes have been made) Rejected (Reviewed and the drawings are completely different than the contract documents or contain significant errors or omissions)

What is the point of a survey? 1.)As a legal description of the site 2.)To give topographic information 3.)To show property lines 4.)To show existing structures on the site

1.)As a legal description of the site Surveys may show topographic information, existing buildings, and/or property lines, but their primary purpose is a legal description of the site. To reduce their risk on the project, an Architect should always have the Owner provide their own survey.

What are general obligation bonds? 1.)Bonds issued by a city or state and backed by general tax revenue and the issuer's credit 2.)Bonds issued by counties to finance facilities for revenue-producing public enterprises 3.)Bonds issued by a surety to pay for a facility or improvement 4.)Bonds issued by the federal government

1.)Bonds (an IOU from the government to you) issued by a city or state and backed by general tax revenue and the issuer's credit When a state or local government wants to finance the acquisition or construction of public facilities, they issue a general obligation bond. Shareholders (the investors in the bond) are guaranteed to be repaid using future tax revenues.

From an environmental standpoint, which kind of site would be best to develop? 1.)Brownfield 2.)Blackfield 3.)Greyfield 4.)Greenfield

1.)Brownfield From an environmental standpoint, it's always best to continue to use sites that have already been used. Brownfield is the correct answer. Using virgin land (or a greenfield) can destroy existing habitats. Using a brownfield may require additional work to clean up the land, but from an environmental stance, that's a preferred outcome. Greyfield land is economically obsolescent, outdated, failing, moribund or underused real estate assets or land. Blackfield is a fictional term.

Which of the following is NOT true of the market approach of land valuation? 1.)Buildings are commonly assigned a value per square acre 2.)Except for adjustments according to the unique nature of the property, the property is assumed to have the same value as similar properties 3.)This method requires looking at the values of similar and/or nearby properties 4.)The value of land is typically calculated as cost/acre

1.)Buildings are commonly assigned a value per square acre "A market approach is a method of determining the appraisal value of an asset based on the selling price of similar items. The market approach is a business valuation method that can be used to calculate the value of property or as part of the valuation process for a closely held business. Regardless of what asset is being valued, the market approach studies recent sales of similar assets, making adjustments for differences in size, quantity or quality." via Investopedia The value of land is typically calculated as cost/acre. The value of any buildings or structures on the property are typically calculated as cost/square foot.

What are 3 types of surveys? 1.)As-built 2.)Construction 3.)Possession 4.)Pro-forma 5.)Covenant

1.)Construction - This contains detailed site information such as property lines, existing structures, topography, benchmarks, offsets, location of utilities, spot elevations, and locations easements. 2.)Possession (also known as as-built) - This survey is done after construction is completed to document the "as-built" conditions. An Owner or municipality may require a possession survey at the completion of a project. It is not uncommon for as-built surveys to supplement record drawings. And although not included as a choice in the answers, the last type of survey is: 3.)Preliminary - A survey showing basic features of a site such as boundaries, basic topography, direction of north, and major buildings. This is usually used to help an architect start to develop preliminary plans.

A __________ is any clause in a deed that places limitations or restrictions on the use of a property. 1.)Deed restriction 2.)Easement 3.)Covenant 4.)Conditional use

1.)Deed restriction "Deed restrictions are rules and regulations that govern one or more lots or parcels of land. Deed restrictions "bind" land. Typically, a deed restriction is created in a document that is recorded with the county register of deeds records where the property is located. Most deed restrictions are permanent and "run with the land;" that is, they generally bind all current and future owners of the lot or parcels involved. In most cases, deed restrictions constitute a comprehensive set of regulations imposed by a land developer when creating a plat (sometimes called a subdivision), condominium development, multi-parcel land division, or other development. Deed restrictions are most often negative or restraints on the use of land ("Thou shalt not...."). Typical deed restriction regulations include prohibitions on mobile homes, junk, commercial or business activities in a residential area, dwellings under a certain size, further dividing the lot involved, multi-family use, nuisances, farm animals, or large pole barns. "

Why is a plat survey important?

1.)Designating public roads and other access ways. 2.)Ensuring all property owners have a public access way (such as a driveway) with which to enter their property without having to trespass on another's property to do so. 3.)Ensuring all property has access to public utilities, such as electricity, water usage, and a sewer system. 4.)Dedicating parcels for use by the public, such as parks, emergency shelters, and official monuments. 5.)Guaranteeing all lots comply with local governmental zoning rules and restrictions, mainly according to size and geometry. 6.)Ensuring compliance with any land use plans to control the spread and growth of a city. Locating common neighbors between property owners.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the superblock? 1.)Enclosed by a series of pedestrian pathways 2.)Encourages pedestrian circulation and park development within the block 3.)Limited vehicular access 4.)Outgrowth of the new town concept

1.)Enclosed by a series of pedestrian pathways The correct answer is "Enclosed by a series of pedestrian pathways" because superblocks are enclosed by streets, not pedestrian pathways. The idea of superblocks originated from the new town concept. It encompasses multiple standard blocks into one unified area. The inside of the superblock features pedestrian pathways that connect residences and other used together. Vehicular access is limited. The New Town concept originated in Great Britain in the 1940s. The concept revolved around the idea that new communities should be located outside of the chaos and ugliness of the city. The idea largely failed in England and the United States because it created isolated towns that lacked employment opportunities. Examples: Columbia, Maryland and Reston, Virginia. They never became truly independent as they lacked significant employment centers.

Put these in order and what is an example of each? 1.)Establish goals 2.) Collect/review data 3.) Uncovering/testing concepts 4.) Determine needs 5.) State the problem

1.)Establish goals: Increase interaction between teacher and student 2.) Collect/review data: Market research 3.) Uncovering/testing concepts: Propose a courtyard scheme to increase interaction 4.) Determine needs: Balacing want with the budget. 5.) State the problem: Describes the most important aspects of the problem and serve as the basis for design.

Select 3 areas in renovation of existing construction that are the most likely places where lead might be a concern. 1.)Existing Paint 2.)Ceiling insulation 3.)In drinking water 4.)Existing pipes 5.)Interior door frames

1.)Existing Paint 3.)In drinking water 4.)Existing pipes Lead is a hazardous material that may be discovered during renovations of older projects. It may be discovered in existing paint, drinking water, or existing pipes or plumbing. Additionally, it may be found in ceramics, soils, dust solders.

Which of the following is NOT a use for general taxes by a municipality? 1.)Funding private projects 2.)Funding public works 3.)Providing on-going operation and maintenance of existing municipal facilities 4.)Providing normal capital improvements to municipal buildings

1.)Funding private projects Taxes are used by municipalities to fund and restore public projects and to maintain and alter existing municipal buildings. Taxes are not intended to fund private projects

According to C401-2007, what insurance does the consultant hold?

1.)General Liability 2.) Automobile Liability 3.) Worker's Comp 4.) Professional Liability Section 2.8

Sort the basic road categories in order of lowest capacity (top) to greatest capacity (bottom). 1.)Local street 2.)Collector street 3.)Arterial street 4.)Expressway

1.)Local street 2.)Collector street 3.)Arterial street 4.)Expressway The correct order is: Local street Collector street Arterial Street Expressway Local streets carry low (local) traffic flows and accommodate pedestrian use. Cul-de-sacs and loops are types of local streets. Collector streets connect arterial streets to local streets. Arterial streets connect expressways together. Traffic and pedestrian flow is controlled using traffic signals. Expressways allow fast, typically unimpeded, movement of vehicles but have limited access points.

Order the below soils from least (top) to greatest (bottom) bearing capacity. (Assume each soil type has it's lowest range of bearing capacity) 1.)Loose silt 2.)Compacted sand 3.)Graded gravel 4.)Bedrock

1.)Loose silt 2.)Compacted sand 3.)Graded gravel 4.)Bedrock The correct order is: Silt (& clay): 1,000 - 4,000 psf Compacted sand: 2,000 - 3,000 psf Graded gravel: 3,000 - 12,000 psf Bedrock: ±10,000 psf

On a desert site with very little surrounding it, what type of survey would make sense for an owner to obtain? 1.)Metes and Bounds 2.)ATLA 3.)Nautical 4.)Celestial

1.)Metes and Bounds The correct answer is metes and bounds. This system uses physical features of the site to define and describe the boundaries of a property. The term "metes" refers to a boundary defined by the measurement of each straight run, specified by a distance between the terminal points, and an orientation or direction. A direction may be a simple compass bearing, or a precise orientation determined by accurate survey methods. The term "bounds" refers to a more general boundary description, such as along a certain watercourse, a stone wall, an adjoining public road way, or an existing building. The system is often used to define larger pieces of property (e.g. farms), and political subdivisions (e.g. town boundaries) where precise definition is not required or would be far too expensive, or previously designated boundaries can be incorporated into the description.

Which of the following is true about clay? Select 4. 1.)Particles are under .002 mm in diameter 2.)Excellent for landscaping 3.)Particles range from .002-.05 mm in diameter 4.)Generally suitable for foundations 5.)Smooth when dry 6.)Sticky when wet 7.)Contracts when wet 8.)Expands when wet

1.)Particles are under .002 mm in diameter 5.)Smooth when dry 6.)Sticky when wet 8.)Expands when wet

When an Architect and Owner believe that their very large project would be a great benefit to the community but it doesn't conform to the zoning ordinance they can propose their own zoning regulations for approval. This new area would be called a __________. 1.)Planned unit development 2.)HUD 3.)Conditional use 4.)Non-conforming use

1.)Planned unit development This new area would be considered a PUD or Planned Unit Development. PUD as a regulatory process is a means of land regulation which promotes large scale, unified land development in chase of physically curable, social and economic deficiencies in land and cityscapes. HUD: Housing and Urban Development, a US government agency.

Moisture in soils can have adverse effects on a building throughout every stage of its life. Select 3 that apply. 1.)Reduction of a soil's load bearing capacity 2.)Inaccurate boring measurements 3.)Moving frost line 4.)Leakage of water into a building 5.)Disintegration of certain building materials 6.)Encourage tree root growth near the footing

1.)Reduction of a soil's load bearing capacity 4.)Leakage of water into a building 5.)Disintegration of certain building materials

A subsystems estimate is primarily used during which two phases of design? 1.)SD 2.)DD 3.)CD 4.)CA

1.)SD 2.)DD Subsystems estimate is a type of cost estimating, used during the schematic design (SD), and design development (DD) phases. Subsystem estimates deal with a project's functional units or assemblies and enable comparisons between different conceptual solutions. Estimates of this type include major systems (foundations, superstructure, roofing, fixed equipment etc.).

On occasion an Architect will go to a project site to see make sure that the Contractor's work conforms with the contract documents. What does the A201 call these? 1.)Site visits 2.)Construction visits 3.)Site inspections 4.)Construction inspections

1.)Site visits According to section 4.2.3 of the A201 § 4.2.3 On the basis of the site visits, the Architect will keep the Owner reasonably informed about the progress and quality of the portion of the Work completed, and report to the Owner (1) known deviations from the Contract Documents and from the most recent construction schedule submitted by the Contractor, and (2) defects and deficiencies observed in the Work. The Architect will not be responsible for the Contractor's failure to perform the Work in accordance with the requirements of the Contract Documents. The Architect will not have control over or charge of and will not be responsible for acts or omissions of the Contractor, Subcontractors, or their agents or employees, or any other persons or entities performing portions of the Work.

According to A201-2007, after how many days of the GC getting a request to change/correct work, can the owner fix it themselves and then charge the GC?

10 Days

According to A201-2007, how many days before shall the GC submit his application for payment before the actual payment is due?

10 Days

According to A201-2007, the IDM has how many days to respond to a claim?

10 Days

According to A201-2007, when the IDM requests a party to provide more information, how many days he that party have to respond?

10 Days to: 1.) Provide what was requested 2.) Advise the IDM when the information requested will be ready 3.) Advise the IDM that the data requested will not be provided

After the bid opening, how many days does the owner usually have to make a decision as to which GC he will choose?

10 days

How many days must the GC submit a substitution for approval before the bid date?

10 days

According to C401-2007, how many days does the architect have to review the consultant's application for payment?

10 days (Section 10.6) The architect shall pay the consultant promptly after he is paid by the owner.

According to A201-2007, what is the time limit on claims and from what date is it counted from?

10 years, counted from date of substantial complietion

An accessory use occupancy space cannot exceed what percentage of the main occupancy in the building?

10%. Example: Hospital gift shop

An incidental use occupancy space cannot exceed what percentage of the main occupancy in the building?

10%. Example: Linen collection space on the same floor as hotel rooms

How much is a hectare of land?

10,000 square meters (107,639 sqft)

Professional services are how many percent of construction cost?

10-15%

Site Development is how many percent of Building Costs?

10-20%

What is the minimum distance between curves in the same and opposite direction?

100' for opposite direction and 200' for same direction.

Information about medical equipment would be found in what CSI MasterFormat division? (answer numerically with two digits EX. 05)

11

What is the max. distance landings can be apart when measured vertically?

12'

What is the typical angle of vision for the human eye?

130 degree.

According to A201-2007, the GC notifies the architect in writing his choice for superintendent, the architect has how many days to respond? What if the architect does not respond?

14 Days, a non-response is seen as an approval of the selection

According to A101-2007, the owner can terminated by the Owner or GC per Article 14 of A201-2007:

14.4.1: Owner can terminate the contract with GC for convenience and without cause 14.4.2: When GC gets this notice, he shall cease all operations, preserve work that was done, and terminate all existing subcontracts 14.4.3: GC to be paid full up until point of termination

According to A201-2007, the owner has HOW MANY DAYS to give the GC information needed for a mechanic's lien?

15 days

GC's overhead and profit is usually what percentage of construction cost?

15-40%

How is a check divided?

16 Townships (each 6 miles on a side) Each township is then divided into 36 1 mile wide sections, then each section is divided into quarter sections.

What year did the EPA ban asbestos as a fireproofing material?

1973

An accessible slope can be up to what slope?

1:20

A municipal impact fee assessed on a proposed project: 1.) Pay for the building permit 2.) Offsets local infrastructure improvement costs 3.) Is distributed to the owner of neighboring properties 4.) Ensures speedy planning board review and approval

2

Bid Alternates to choose between several materials are most likely the architect's attempt to: 1.) Incorporate energy saving options 2.) Control construction costs 3.) Anticipate Neighborhood covenants 4.) Accommodate various climatic changes

2

Escalation Estimate is how many percent of construction cost?

2-10%, It includes a factor for inflation where the present budget estimate is escalated to a time in the future at the expected midpoint of construction.

What is the partition rating for a fire wall?

2-4 Hours. There is no opening allowed.

What is wrong about property value? 1.) Riparian rights give a property owner whose land abuts a river the right to build a dock for water access 2.) Air rights give the owner the right for airplanes from entering that space 3.) Littorial rights give the right to fish from the shore 4.) Someone to finds oil on his land can sell his subsurface rights to an oil company.

2.) Air rights give the owner the right for airplanes from entering that space Air rights can be sold but do not permit someone from flying into it. The FAA controls where planes fly not individual property owners.

A chef wants to buy a old church to turn into restaurant, the zoning code allows this. He got a prelim. site plan and hires an architect to do a feasibility study. What should the architect do first? 1.)Check local zoning code to see if there is enough parking for what is needed 2.) Assist the chef to make a program 3.) Research church history 4.) Do a code review and develop a prelim. renovation plan.

2.) Assist the chef to make a program A program is needed so he can see if what the chef needs will match what the site can offer.

A legal description of townships is made of grid lines, they are called what?(Pick 2) 1.) Property lines 2.) Base lines 3.) Boundary lines 4.) Meridian lines

2.) Base lines 4.) Meridian lines

The method of construction delivery that obtains an early fixed price based on a set of design docs. then gives the GC the responsibility for determining the details of construction is: 1.) Design build 2.) Bridging 3.) Fast Track 4.) Integration

2.) Bridging Bridging allows the owner to get an early fixed price and takes advantage of the GC's connection/know how with suppliers. It allows the owner to control what he wants and gives the details of construction to GC. Pro: Contract price easily obtained, GC has sole responsibility for the product of construction , more cost effective. Steps: 1.) Architect (In this case: AKA Criteria Architect) defines project and makes drawings, these become the "contract docs") 2.) Bid is awarded 3.) The design build GC develops the construction docs. and becomes the Architect of Record 4.) The criteria architect reviews the AOR's construction doc for conformance with original "contract docs" 5.) GC then builds off the AOR's documents but the contract between owner/gc is based off of the Criteria Architect's "contract docs"

Whose writing is a retaliation against modern architecture of the 1950-1960 and advocates owner-directed selection of program concepts? 1.) Ken Frampton 2.) Chris Alexander 3.) William Pena 4.) Kevin Lynch

2.) Chris Alexander

A shopping center with a large market, a few restaurants, some stories is considered a : 1.) Neighborhood center 2.) Community center 3.) Regional center 4.) Market center

2.) Community center Neighborhood center: Daily convenience/service/grocery. 7500-20000 people within a 6.5 mile radius. 4-10 acres in size, with 30,000-75,000 sqft size buildings. (Heartland Shopping Plaza) Community Center: Anchored by large market, small side stores. Serves 20,000-100,000 people, 10-30 acres in size. (Valley and Grand Michael's Plaza) Regional Center: Typical American shopping mall (Puente Hills Mall)

What is the best way to determine the value of a property? 1.) Development method 2.) Comparison method 3.) Income approach method 4.) Allocation Method

2.) Comparison method (AKA Market Data Approach): uses info on similar properties to compare. Comparison may need to adjust for location, access to utilities. Development Method (AKA Anticipated Use Method) is used when property will be split for residents/commmercial. The cost of development would be deducted from the projected sales prices to find the value of the land. Used when no market data available. Income Approach Method (AKA Residual Method): Used when no market data available, The income to be generated will be estimated and compared to the cost of improvements. Allocation Method: Used to determine the value of improved properties by deducting value of site improvements from the total value of the property, the value left is the land price.

What is a 100 year flood? 1.) Most significant flood in a 100 year time 2.) Flood level with a 1% chance of being equaled each year 3.) Highest record water in the last 100 years 4.) Area where development not allowed

2.) Flood level with a 1% chance of being equaled each year

When developing the preliminary project schedule during the programming phase, which would be the most reliable information about the construction time? 1.) Annually published cost/schedule book 2.) Historical documents on similar projects from the architect' office. 3.) Contracting firm that has done work for the architect in the past 4.) Construction manager who the client hired for the job.

2.) Historical documents on similar projects from the architect' office. 4.) Construction manager who the client hired for the job. Historical records are a good source of information but the best source is the construction manager the client hired. Annually published book would not be a good choice because the scheduling information they contain is typically based on number of hours or manpower required to complete a part of construction. Thus they are MORE USEFUL TO ESTIMATE THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT WOULD TAKE TO COMPONENTS OF THE OVERALL PROJECT.

Room data sheets are best where: 1.) Dorms 2.) Office building 3.) High school 4.) Assembly line

2.) Office building The room data sheet is best for programming studies of buildings with many types of spaces. Buildings with lots of repetitive spaces are not helpful. They are used to help the programmers understand how a space is used.

What is not in Tony Garnier's Cite Industrielle? 1.) Reinforced concrete buildings 2.) Religious Buildings 3.) Tree lined streets through city 4.) Zoning regulations

2.) Religious Buildings

In planning a new building, an architect would have to look at regulations other than the zoning ordinance to find a requirement for which of the following? (Pick 4) 1.) Width of loading berths 2.) Required utility easement size 3.) Minimum lot size 4.) Parking area size 5.) Permissible roof coverings 6.) Allowable color schemes

2.) Required utility easement size (FOUND IN SITE SURVEY) 3.) Minimum lot size (FOUND IN SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS) 5.) Permissible roof coverings (FOUND IN THE BUILDING CODE) 6.) Allowable color schemes (FOUND IN COVENANTS)

The historical concept of formality is shown how: 1.) Rhythm 2.) Symmetry 3.) Proportion 4.) Emphasis

2.) Symmetry The other 3 techniques are used to demote formality BUT IN MORE SUBTLE WAYS.

As a general rule, how far apart should opposite-direction curves in roads be at the very minimum? 1.)50 ft (15 m) 2.)100 ft (30 m) 3.)150 ft (45 m) 4.)200 ft (60 m)

2.)100 ft (30 m) As a general rule opposite-direction curves in roads should be 100 feet apart at the minimum. It is 200 ft (60m) for the SAME DIRECTION curves

What is the maximum height that a stair can extend before requiring a landing? 1.)10'-0" 2.)12'-0" 3.)14'-0" 16'-0"4.)

2.)12'-0" According to Section 1009.10 Vertical Rise of the IBC, A flight of stairs shall not have a vertical rise greater than 12 feet between floor levels or landings.

What speed of air movement is ideal to promote human comfort? 1.)50 feet/min 2.)50-100 feet/min 3.)100-200 feet/min 4.)200-300 feet/min

2.)50-100 feet/min 50 feet/min - barely noticeable 50-100 feet/min - ideal 100-200 feet/min - pleasant but noticeable 200-300 feet/min - feels drafty +300 feet/min - gusty and uncomfortable

At the center of the typical medieval village, one could find ___________. 1.)A body of water 2.)A crossroads 3.)A traffic circle 4.)Living quarters

2.)A crossroads During medieval times the church and market were the most important parts of daily life. Both were located at the core of the city around a crossroads of (at least) two major streets.

In the legal concept of agency, who is the Agent for a construction project? 1.)Owner 2.)Architect 3.)Contractor 4.)Building official

2.)Architect The Architect is an agent of the Owner. This means that the Architect is permitted to act on the behalf of the Owner.

Collector streets connect _________ and _________. 1.)Arterial streets, expressways 2.)Arterial streets, local streets 3.)Buildings, local streets 4.)Expressways, local streets

2.)Arterial streets, local streets Collector streets connect the lowest volume streets, local streets, to arterial streets. Arterial streets typically connect expressways.

What is true about preservation? 1.)Allows the opportunity to recreate a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials 2.)Attempts to retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair 3.)Emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but gives more latitude to replacement because it assumes the property is in disrepair 4.)Focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history while permitting the removal of materials from other periods

2.)Attempts to retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair 1.)Allows the opportunity to recreate a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials (RECONSTRUCTION) 3.)Emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but gives more latitude to replacement because it assumes the property is in disrepair (REHABILITATION) 4.)Focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history while permitting the removal of materials from other periods (RESTORATION) MOST TO LEAST ACCURATE: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, Reconstruction.

Which of the following are basic ways land is valued? Select all that apply. 1.)Availability approach 2.)Cost approach 3.)Income approach 4.)Local approach 5.)Market approach

2.)Cost approach 3.)Income approach 5.)Market approach

What step in this in Architectural Programming: Collecting Facts

2.)Facts describe the existing conditions and reqs of the the problem, which should not only be collected but organized too. EX: Site conditions, space adjacency needs, available money and building codes

A change order is issued by the Architect and signed by the Owner and Architect. The Contractor does not agree that they've been given enough compensation for the change and so they decline to sign the change order. What can the Architect and Owner do in this situation? 1.)Issue another change order 2.)Issue a construction change directive 3.)Seek litigation 4.)Seek arbitration

2.)Issue a construction change directive In the event that a contractor doesn't agree with or sign a change order, the Architect may issue a construction change directive. This puts the change into effect so as to not impede the schedule by a dispute in compensation. The compensation can be negotiated while the change is being carried out. The dispute may lead to arbitration or litigation but these should be last resorts.

Before new urbanism which of the following were common issues associated with new towns? Select 2. 1.)Conflict of property ownership 2.)Lacked locations of interest 3.)Population pikes 4.)Static conception and execution 5.)Unsustainable growth

2.)Lacked locations of interest 4.)Static conception and execution Before new urbanism, new towns lacked the foresight of expansion so their initial designs were often static in conception and execution. When new cities were being planned instead of growing organically, they were often very functional and utilitarian. This created cities that lacked vitality and locations of interest.

____________ is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by rapid loading. 1.)Plasticity 2.)Liquefaction 3.)Erosion 4.)Soil boring 5.)Proctor test

2.)Liquefaction Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils. This water exerts a pressure on the soil particles that influences how tightly the particles themselves are pressed together. Prior to an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However, earthquake shaking can cause the water pressure to increase to the point where the soil particles can readily move with respect to each other.

___________ refers to the overall climate of the region and is reflected in the weather data available from the National Weather Service. 1.)Global climate 2.)Macroclimate 3.)Megaclimate 4.)Microclimate

2.)Macroclimate A microclimate is a local atmospheric zone where the climate differs from the surrounding area. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square meters or square feet (for example a garden bed) or as large as many square kilometers or square miles. This area includes vegetation, topography, water features, and any man-made structures.

Under which development pattern do two or more urban centers grow together as the space between them is filled? 1.)Field pattern 2.)Megalopolis 3.)Satellite pattern 4.)Star pattern

2.)Megalopolis The correct answer is megalopolis. Star patterns have linear spokes of development that occur from a clear center. Field patterns develop amorphously and have no apparent structure to their layout. Satellite pattern has a clear central core with other major cores surrounding and connected to the center.

Of the listed options, which describes a process used to clean up brownfield sites? 1.)Mediation 2.)Remediation 3.)Arbitration 4.)Mitigated mediation

2.)Remediation Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water. Mediation and arbitration are dispute resolution strategies

Of the listed options, which describes a process used to clean up brownfield sites? 1.)Mediation 2.)Remediation 3.)Arbitration 4.)Mitigated mediation

2.)Remediation Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water. Mediation and arbitration are dispute resolution strategies

How is an exit defined within the building code? 1.)That portion of a means of egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way 2.)That portion of a means of egress system between the exit access and the exit discharge or public way 3.)Any exit component that is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fire-resistance-rated construction and opening protectives 4.)A door or access point along the path of egress travel from an occupied room, area or space where the path of egress enters an intervening room, corridor, exit access stair, or exit access ramp

2.)That portion of a means of egress system between the exit access and the exit discharge or public way Chapter 2 of the IBC contains definitions of terms within the building code. Within that chapter an exit is defined as: "That portion of a means of egress system between the exit access and the exit discharge or public way."

What is an exit discharge? 1.)This distance that occupants have to travel to reach an exit 2.)The route between a building exit and a safe public way 3.)Direct access to a public way 4.)The portion of a means of egress system that leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an exit

2.)The route between a building exit and a safe public way Exit discharge is defined in the building code as "that portion of a means of egress system between the termination of an exit and a public way."

What construction type listed is most fire resistive? 1.)Type A 2.)Type I 3.)Type D 4.)Type V

2.)Type I (ONE not "i")

What is the max. length of a corridor that does not require an exit at the end?

20'

According to A201-2007, if one party is injured (person or property), they have how many days to inform the other party?

21 Days

According to A201-2007, how many days does the GC have to notify the architect of a unknown/unforseen issue?

21 Days, then the architect will make the final decision as to how to proceed.

How much of the heating energy used by buildings are lost to infiltration?

25-40%

A developer who purchased farmland to convert to a housing development would finance how? 1.) Bridge loan 2.) Mezzanine loan 3.) Blanket loan 4.) Conventional Mortgage

3

According to the standard owner/architect agreement, a model for the client's promotional use is: 1.) Part of the design process 2.) Standard practice 3.) Not a basic service 4.) Not reimbursable

3

After the contract for construction has been awarded, the contractor shall prepare what for the architect to review? 1.) Request for payment 2.) List of materials 3.) Construction schedule 4.) Lien Release

3

The budget of the FF&E is usually how many times of the interior design fee.

3-4x

Le Corbusier's Modular is based on : 1.) Human body 2.) Classical orders 3.) Golden section 4.) Japanese Ken 1.) 3 ONLY 2.) 1-2 3.) 1, 3 4.) 3-4

3.) 1, 3

Which of the following at gothic architecture is false? 1.) Flying buttress allowed more fenestrations in the nave walls. 2.) A gothic arch exerts less thrust than a rounded arch spanning the same distance 3.) A gothic cathedral plan was usually based on a square 4.) A ribbed vault is comprised of 3 pairs of diagonal arches per bay.

3.) A gothic cathedral plan was usually based on a square The ribbed or pointed arch allowed the span to go over square/rectangular/odd shaped plans

An electrical engineer would typically perform load calculations and develop panel schedules in which phase? 1.) Pre design (programming) 2.) Schematic design 3.) Design development 4.) Construction documents

3.) Design development Prior to doing the calculations and developing panel schedules, the electrical engineer would need specific information from the architect concerning power outlet locations and what services the client would need. This information would be developed during pre-design (programming), schematic design and then design development. The final checking and drafting is done during the CD phase.

What step in this in Architectural Programming: Uncovering Concepts

3.) Develop abstract ideas that are functional solutions to the client's needs without defining the physicial means that should be used to achieve them by using programmatic concepts EX: A programmatic concept to increase the daily informal interaction between teacher/student would be to provide common spaces for mixed flow in circulation patterns

Which of the following was the first dome "without the use of centering?" 1.) Pantheon 2.) St. Peter's Basilica 3.) Florence Cathedral 4.) US Capitol

3.) Florence Cathedral

A 50 year old warehouse that shows no obvious signs of deterioration is to be remodeled as an office building. Which of the following areas should be most carefully evaluated at the start to determine the project's feasibility? Pick 4 1.) Ceiling heights 2.) Fire protection systems 3.) Foundation 4.) Roof 5.) Structural framework 6.) Windows

3.) Foundation 4.) Roof 5.) Structural framework 6.) Windows These are all very expensive items. The ceiling height is not important because a warehouse is usually high enough for an office. The fire protection system would need to be upgraded anyways, so that is not a concern.

What is false about building costs: 1.) The higher the perimeter to floor area ratio, the higher the cost 2.) Greater floor to floor height = greater unit cost 3.) Greater floor area = greater unit cost 4.) Taller building = Greater unit cost

3.) Greater floor area = greater unit cost Higher floor area = lower cost per unit. This is due to better perimeter to floor area ratios and more efficient use of the HVAC/Elevators. This relates to "economies of scale" Larger buildings have lower unit cost, except tall buildings over 6 floors, due to additional elevators/fire protection/special structural systems. High floor to floor = high unit costs

Which invention spurred the development of the star-shaped city model? 1.)Bioweapons 2.)Bronze 3.)Gunpowder 4.)Printing press

3.) Gunpowder After the invention of gunpowder (and subsequently cannons), the medieval high wall could no longer protect cities from invasions so the star-shaped city was developed. The points of the star, called bastions, were regularly spaced around the city. Their protrusion allowed them to defend the city before invaders could get within range of the main city walls.

Which of the following project management activities would most likely ensure that construction documents are completed on schedule and within budget? 1.) Documenting all meetings and correspondence 2.) Establishing time and fee projections 3.) Monitoring time sheets 4.) Setting milestones

3.) Monitoring time sheets Monitoring the progress on a job is key to ensuring the original schedule and fee projects are met. Although establishing time/fee projections are key of project management early in the project, CONTINUAL monitoring is needed. Setting milestones for when things should be done is key but it needs to be compared to what was actually done.

What is not a baroque town planning concept example? 1.) London 2.) Paris 3.) NY 4.) Washington DC

3.) NY NY is a grid and superimposed a rectangular grid over the site. Baroque focus: long vistas linking key spaces and focus on both grand public spaces and residential spaces London is very Baroque (Sir Christopher Wren) Paris is very Baroque (Haussman) DC (L'Enfant) include diagonal avenues from the Capitol and White House, over a grid

What is not in the GC's overhead cost? 1.) Transportation 2.) Temp. office/sanitation 3.) Payroll Taxes 4.) Permits

3.) Payroll Taxes Payroll taxes IS PART OF LABOR. Overhead also includes: bonds/insurance/permits

What is not used in "Crime Prevention through Environmental Design?" 1.) Clear transition of public/private 2.) Windows for tenant surveillance 3.) Safe location for safe activities 4.) Stairs in heavy traffic locations

3.) Safe location for safe activities CPTED allows inhabitants to police their own surroundings. Clearly defined public/private space by making visible streets/parking/entry/etc. Regulating behavior such as X activity in X location is NOT included.

What is true for soil mechanics? 1.) Coarse soils are more likely affected by the freeze/thaw cycle than fine soils 2.) Mix of organic soil and clay has a suitable bearing capacity for a small house 3.) Silts and clays allow water to migrate above water table 4.) Building's footings should be above frost line to avoid heaving

3.) Silts and clays allow water to migrate above water table Silts and clays are very porous and allow water to migrate above the water table. Fine grain soils are more likely to be affected than a rough grain soil. . Organic soil is NEVER a good foundation (as the matter will decompose and "settle")

What increases efficiency? 1.) Central mech. plant 2.) Small rooms 3.) Single story building 4.) Many offices needing windows

3.) Single story building Efficiency: ratio of near area / gross area A single story building with a central core and double loaded corridors is the most efficient.

Which of the following regions require the greatest amount of design solutions to provide a controlled environment? 1.) Tropical (Mexico) 2.) Artic (Sweden) 3.) Temperate (Missouri) 4.) Arid (New Mexico)

3.) Temperate (Missouri)

A client wants to obtain federal tax credits of for rehabilitation of an old building that has been designated a state landmark. The architect should inform that client that: 1.) New additions or exterior alterations cannot vary from building's historical character 2.) A thorough historic survey is need to verify conformity to federal standards 3.) The secretary of the interior's standards for rehabilitation must be met 4.) The cost might exceed the client's budget because state standards must be used.

3.) The secretary of the interior's standards for rehabilitation must be met This standards takes precedence over any state or local requirement. Why these are wrong: 1.) New additions or exterior alterations cannot vary from building's historical character This is wrong because the standards DO ALLOW for new additions/alterations to be different from the old while still compatible with massing/size/scale/features. 2.) A thorough historic survey is need to verify conformity to federal standards This does not guarantee a conformance to federal standards. 4.) The cost might exceed the client's budget because state standards must be used. A cost higher than the budget is NOT RELATED to the ability to receive a tax credit.

Which method of resolving disputes in the AIA documents is legally binding but does not involve going to court? 1.)Litigation 2.)Mediation 3.)Arbitration 4.)Remediation

3.)Arbitration The arbitration in the AIA documents is binding arbitration. This means that the arbitrator's decision is final. It may not be reviewed or overturned by a court except in very limited circumstances, such as when fraud or misuse of power has been involved.

Which 2 elements contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer? 1.)Oxygen 2.)Iron 3.)Chlorine 4.)Bromine 5.)Helium

3.)Chlorine 4.)Bromine The ozone is made up of 3 oxygen atoms O3 . Certain industrial processes and consumer products result in the emission of halogen source gases to the atmosphere. These gases bring chlorine and bromine to the stratosphere, which cause depletion of the ozone layer. The source gases that contain only chlorine, fluorine and carbon are called "chlorofluorocarbons", usually abbreviated as CFC's.

A(n) _________ is any tax imposed for general governmental purposes. 1.)Ad valorem tax 2.)Basic tax 3.)General tax 4.)Special tax

3.)General tax General tax refers to a general levy by a government that offers no special benefit to the taxpayer, but only a support to governmental programs that benefit all. It is a source of public revenue.

Gravel and sands are ill-suited for what use? 1.)Construction loads 2.)Drainage 3.)Landscaping 4.)Sewage drainage fields

3.)Landscaping Gravel and sands are great for their bearing capacity and drainage. Because of their lack of nutrients, they are ill-suited for landscaping. Organic material, such as peat, is nutrient-rich and can provide plants what they need to grow and thrive.

Which of the following typically affect land values? Select 3. 1.)Existing easements 2.)Bond availability 3.)Local market conditions 4.)Location 5.)Potential profit-making use

3.)Local market conditions 4.)Location 5.)Potential profit-making use Land value is typically affected by local market conditions, location, and potential profit-making use. For example, a corner lot zoned exclusively for single family residential will have less potential profit-making value than a corner lot zoned for commercial use. Bond availability affects how a property may be paid for but not it's actual value. Existing easements may or may not affect the land value. Not enough information is given to make an accurate assessment regarding this and so it is not one of the three BEST answers.

How often are restrictive covenants included in development projects? 1.)Never 2.)Rarely 3.)Often 4.)Always

3.)Often It is not uncommon for development projects to have restrictive covenants. One of the major selling points for subdivided lots within a development is the assurance that each property will retain the same (or similar) character to when it was bought. The correct answer is often. On the exam be cautions of terms such as always and never. There are rarely absolutes in architecture. Even within the building code many exceptions are listed.

Your building is in a climate that experiences hot summers. What would be an effective design strategy to use to promote internal comfort during the summer? 1.)Clerestory windows on the west side of the building 2.)Skylights 3.)Overhangs on the west and south facing windows 4.)Louvers on the north side of the building

3.)Overhangs on the west and south facing windows Of the listed strategies, overhangs on the west and south facing windows would be most effective. These overhangs would block direct (heat carrying) sunlight from entering the building during a large portion of the day. Clerestory windows and skylights would help bring in light but won't help reduce heat gains. Louvers on the north side of the building could help create privacy but would not help reduce heat gains.

Your building is in a climate that experiences hot summers. What would be an effective design strategy to use to promote internal comfort during the summer? 1.)Clerestory windows on the west side of the building 2.)Skylights 3.)Overhangs on the west and south facing windows 4.)Louvers on the north side of the building

3.)Overhangs on the west and south facing windows Of the listed strategies, overhangs on the west and south facing windows would be most effective. These overhangs would block direct (heat carrying) sunlight from entering the building during a large portion of the day. Clerestory windows and skylights would help bring in light but won't help reduce heat gains. Louvers on the north side of the building could help create privacy but would not help reduce heat gains.

What is true about laser scanning? 1.)Accuracy of about ±0.10% 2.)Uses radar to pickup points in space 3.)Scans from any number of points 4.)Slower than convergent photogrammetry

3.)Scans from any number of points Laser scanning has the following features: uses pulsing medium-range laser beams that scan 3d spaces to create a 'point cloud'. view this video to see some of the point clouds created from laser scans accuracy ranges from ±0.05% to ±0.01% (for instance an actual 1′-0″ measurement could show up as 1′-0 5/8″ [a 0.05% accuracy]) laser scans can be taken from one or a number of points to collect more data about the spatial environment. laser scanners range widely is cost. Handheld and small laser scanners can be around $300.00 while high quality laser scanners like the one depicted below can be upwards of $100,000. laser scanning is faster than convergent photogrammetry

What type of American city is commonly laid out in a grid pattern? 1.)Large cities 2.)Landlocked cities 3.)Small cities 4.)Coastal cities

3.)Small cities Small cities are typically laid out in a grid pattern. At larger scales a grid can cause problems with orientation and hierarchy. Larger cities are often developed with more a defining development pattern (star, satellite, megalopolis) and a grid pattern is overlaid onto that

Which statement is NOT true about restrictive covenants? 1.)They are enforceable if reasonable and amenable to the public interest 2.)They are legally binding 3.)They are established by the federal government 4.)They restrict the use of the property by the buyer

3.)They are established by the federal government "A restrictive covenant is a provision in a deed limiting the use of the property and prohibiting certain uses. A clause in contracts of partnership and employment prohibiting a contracting party from engaging in similar employment for a specified period of time within a certain geographical area. A Covenant is a type of contractual arrangement. A restrictive covenant is a clause in a deed or lease to real property that limits what the owner of the land or lease can do with the property. Restrictive covenants allow surrounding property owners, who have similar covenants in their deeds, to enforce the terms of the covenants in a court of law. They are intended to enhance property values by controlling development. If the terms of the covenant are reasonable, a court may enforce the restrictions. Some restrictive covenants may be so unfair, however, that a court will declare them contrary to public policy and make them legally unenforceable." via The Legal Dictionary Restrictive covenants are not established by the federal government, they are established by any landowner who limits of use of a property. Note that this is in addition to any local zoning ordinance restrictions.

Which statement is NOT true about restrictive covenants? 1.)They are enforceable if reasonable and amenable to the public interest 2.)They are legally binding 3.)They are established by the federal government 4.)They restrict the use of the property by the buyer

3.)They are established by the federal government "A restrictive covenant is a provision in a deed limiting the use of the property and prohibiting certain uses. A clause in contracts of partnership and employment prohibiting a contracting party from engaging in similar employment for a specified period of time within a certain geographical area. A Covenant is a type of contractual arrangement. A restrictive covenant is a clause in a deed or lease to real property that limits what the owner of the land or lease can do with the property. Restrictive covenants allow surrounding property owners, who have similar covenants in their deeds, to enforce the terms of the covenants in a court of law. They are intended to enhance property values by controlling development. If the terms of the covenant are reasonable, a court may enforce the restrictions. Some restrictive covenants may be so unfair, however, that a court will declare them contrary to public policy and make them legally unenforceable." via The Legal Dictionary Restrictive covenants are not established by the federal government, they are established by any landowner who limits of use of a property. Note that this is in addition to any local zoning ordinance restrictions.

What is true of arterial streets? Select 2. 1.)Direct access to buildings from arterial streets is very common 2.)Street parking is generally allowed 3.)They carry large amounts of traffic on two or three lanes 4.)They typically connect expressways 5.)They typically connect local roads

3.)They carry large amounts of traffic on two or three lanes 4.)They typically connect expressways

Select 3 of the most-common products where asbestos might be present in existing construction. 1.)Planter Pots 2.)Window frames 3.)Tiles 4.)Insulation 5.)Siding

3.)Tiles 4.)Insulation 5.)Siding Asbestos fibers virtually indestructible which lead to it's widespread use in the 50s and 60s. Asbestos fibers were often combined with other materials for use in thousands of industrial, maritime, automotive, scientific and building products. The following list shows the range of materials that could contain asbestos: Insulation Fireproofing/Acoustical Texture Products Textile and Cloth Products Spackling, Patching & Taping Compounds Gaskets and Packings Asbestos-cement Pipe and Sheet Material Tiles, Wallboard, Siding and Roofing Friction Materials Vermiculite Laboratory hoods and table tops

What idea was first set forth by Frederick Law Olmstead? 1.)Flattening 2.)Renaissance architecture revival 3.)Use of naturalistic elements 4.)Zoning

3.)Use of naturalistic elements Frederick Law Olmstead (1822-1903) was a landscape architect who was one of the first to put forth the idea of preserving natural features of areas while adding naturalistic elements. For his ideas, he is often considered the "father of landscape architecture". Olmstead is well-known for his contributions to the Columbian Exposition, for designing New York's Central Park, the grounds of the U.S. Capitol, and many other parks throughout the United States.

According to A101-2007, after the Architect issues the final Certificate of Payment, the owner has how many days to pay the GC?

30 Days

According to ADA, a 60" long landing is needed every how many vertical inches in change?

30 inch

What is the minimum space for a wheelchair?

30"x48"

Electrical lighting/cooling account for how much of a building's energy bill?

30-50%

What is the minimum door clear width for ADA?

32 inches

Shower grab bars should be at what height?

33-36"

What is the min. max. height of a handrail?

34"-38"

What is the minimum ramp width?

36"

What the minimum width for a hallway for a wheelchair?

36" (can be as small as 32" for no more than 24" long) For 2 wheelchairs: 60"

Which of the following types of estimates are the most accurate? 1.) Order of magnitude 2.) Square feet and cubic feet 3.) Assemblies System 4.) Unit price takeoff

4

An architect is designing a 4 floor hotel, she want to expose the structural system while keeping the high fire resistance and minimize construction time. What system should she use? 1.) Wood platform frame 2.) Light gauge steel frame 3.) Steel frame with rigid connections 4.) 1 way solid slab concrete frame

4.) 1 way solid slab concrete frame

When doing CD's for the design of a new building, what takes the most time: 1.) Plan 2.) Section 3.) Elevation 4.) Checking them

4.) Checking them

According to Lynch, an area that is a symbol of the city is: 1.) Node 2.) Landmark 3.) District 4.) Core

4.) Core The focus of a district that is a symbol of the city : core. It is often at a junction and can influence the rest of the area. Examples: large open air market, stadium. It attracts people to that area. District: Sections of the city in which the observer enters "inside of" and which are recognizable as have some common character.

Which of the following building types would be LEAST affected by land use/development control regulations? 1.) Housing 2.) Hospitals 3.) Commercial 4.) Federal

4.) Federal

Retainage at substantial completion is equal to: 1.) % of unfinished items 2.) GC's overhead 3.) Bond cost 4.) GC's profits

4.) GC's profits Retainage at substantial completion is often equal to GC profit for job = 5-20%

What is wrong about joint ventures? 1.) A joint venture is limited to the specific project 2.) A joint venture (JV) pays no income taxes and earns no profit 3.) C801 can be used to make a JV 4.) Liability insurance held by one of the parties can cover both in the JV

4.) Liability insurance held by one of the parties can cover both in the JV A JV is a partnership, and a business entity, any profits/liabilities are shared by all parties. Each side is responsible for their own insurance. A JV is a "temporary association," the term "Policy board" is related to a JV.

An architect is doing a complex of offices, and wants to specify surface materials to moderate the microclimate, he should pick materials with: 1.) High albedo, high conductivity 2.) Low albedo, low conduct. 3.) High albedo, low conduct. 4.) Low albedo, high conduct.

4.) Low albedo, high conduct. Albedo: Measure of solar reflectence Conductivity: Measurement of heat traveling through an object. Low albedo examples: Concrete, dark color gravel High conductivity example: Sand, soil

Agreement between architect and consultant must: 1.) Reference owner/architect agreement 2.) Require the consultant to carry liability insurance 3.) Include a provision saying that the consultant will not be paid if the architect is not paid by owner 4.) Based on C401 1.) 1-2 2.) 1,4 3.) 3-5 4.) None of them

4.) None of them NONE of the above is actually required and in fact only two things need to be addressed: 1.) Rights/responsibilities of arch/consultant 2.) How risk/reward is shared. The agreement can even be a verbal agreement and the architect knows that he is taking on risk whenever he is working with a consultant.

What is not in "new urbanism?" 1.) Narrow streets and frequent intersections 2.) Mixed occupancies, such as apartments over shops 3.) Parallel parking 4.) Office parks

4.) Office parks New Urbanism is an approach to town planning that advocates more diverse housing and less car dependence. It is a reaction to the "suburban sprawl" which has congested roads, lots of "cookie cutter" houses and wasteful use of land/water. Characteristics include: 1.) Mass transit close to house 2.) Mixed used zone, multi-family and single family house 3.) Blend of single family and apartments in same area, allows for options 4.) Independence for those with no car 5.) Narrow streets with 90 deg. intersections, make drivers alert of pedestrians. 6.) On street, small lot parking rather than vast parking lots, encourages more interaction

What is not a characteristic of partnering? 1.) It is used in conjunction with mediation/arbitration to prevent lawsuits 2.) Include project participants other than owner/gc/architect 3.) The agreement applies only to the project at hand 4.) Partnering agreement becomes a part of the contract between architect/owner and owner/gc

4.) Partnering agreement becomes a part of the contract between architect/owner and owner/gc Partnering is NOT a contractual relationship, but is an agreement for 2 to work towards a common goal. It can be written/unwritten and can be a simple handshake on a golf course.

An old stone house from the 1850's is bought by a law firm, it is eligible for the National Register of Historic Buildings, what would not be appropriate for the architect to do? 1.) Remove existing service stairs, which was added in 1970, and replace it with a new stair to meet current codes 2.) Remove contemporary carpet, remove paint, and refinish to match a Civil War era photo 3.) Replace crumbling plaster on ceiling with new one to match. 4.) Remove all trims from interior, install furring strips and insulation, replace plaster and reinstall trim.

4.) Remove all trims from interior, install furring strips and insulation, replace plaster and reinstall trim. The standards want respect for historic materials and character of original building, repair not replace, and knowing that historic buildings are products for their time, new additions should match scale/materials/character BUT NOT EXACTLY the same as the existing (clear distinction of new/old). This project is considered a "rehabilitation", the addition of the items will probably change the spatial proportions (due to insulation in wall) and change the historic character.

Drafting a program until 2 parties agree, with a programmer acting as an intermediary is called: 1.) Group think 2.) Brainstorm 3.) Lateral Thinking 4.) Shuttle Diplomacy

4.) Shuttle Diplomacy Group Think: "Decision by Deference", results in bad decisions Brainstorm: Generate idea, with focus on quantity over quality Lateral thinking: Creates a bunch of ideas for later evaluation.

Advantages of outside consultants (those hired by owner) include all but: 1) They are independent of the parent architect firm 2.) Additional cross checking of drawings 3.) During slow times, they are not a financial burden 4.) They are paid by owner

4.) They are paid by owner

A small business owner wants to make a factory to make her stuff. He makes a $75,000 loan to add to money contributed by investors. Which calculation would be used to find her monthly payment to repay her loan in 10 years? 1.) Uniform present worth 2.) Uniform sinking fund 3.) Life cycle cost analysis 4.) Uniform capital recovery

4.) Uniform capital recovery This is used to calculate the annual value of a present value. Uniform Present worth: Expresses a series of uniform annual amounts in today's dollars. Uniform sinking fund: Used to find the amount that would have to be invested today at a certain interest to have a specific amount in the future.

Hydrostatic pressure causes which of the below issues? 1.)Soil compaction 2.)Reduction in bearing capacity 3.)Site erosion 4.)Foundation damage

4.)Foundation damage Hydrostatic pressure can cause major structural damage to foundation walls, and is likely to contribute to mold, decay, and other moisture-related problems.

What is true of any given site's microclimate? 1.)A microclimate's effects on a site are typically negative 2.)Nothing in the microclimate can be altered 3.)Its influence on the site's development is generally minimal 4.)Its influence on the site's development can be significant

4.)Its influence on the site's development can be significant

Restrictive covenants are implemented to protect whom? 1.)Utility companies 2.)Architects 3.)Building officials 4.)Property owners

4.)Property owners Any type of agreement that requires the buyer to either take or abstain from a specific action is considered a restrictive covenant. Restrictive covenants can include such reasonable provisions as adequate maintenance of property and limitations pertaining to paint and decoration. They can also place more onerous restrictions on buyers, such as the number of tenants that can live in a property or even the timing of holiday decoration setup and removal. However their intent is typically to provide property owners. In the case of the previous provision examples, these restrictive covenants help maintain a certain kind of neighborhood and perceived value. The correct answer is property owners.

_______ uses large-format, film-based view cameras to photograph facades. 1.)Convergent photography 2.)Orthophotography 3.)Photogrammetry 4.)Rectified photography

4.)Rectified photography "Rectified photography provides a cost effective method for recording a high level of detail on relatively flat structures and objects such as building facades, floors, stained glass windows and wall paintings." Convergent photography is "aerial photography with the camera (or cameras) intentionally tilted so that the central perspective ray of one exposure is inclined to that of an adjacent station." via U.S. Department of Interior. Orthophotography is aerial photography of the earth's surface that is corrected to account for the earth's surface and can be used to measure true distances. Photogrammetry is the use of photography in surveying and mapping to measure distances between objects.

Which of the following is NOT true of general obligation bonds? 1.)They can finance the acquisition of specific public capital facilities 2.)They can finance the construction of specific public capital facilities 3.)They can finance the purchase of real property 4.)They must be backed by an FDIC insured bank

4.)They must be backed by an FDIC insured bank When a state or local government wants to finance the acquisition or construction of public facilities, they issue a general obligation bond. Shareholders (the investors in the bond) are guaranteed to be repaid using future tax revenues. Since the general obligation bond uses the taxpayers money, each measure within the bond must be approved by voters. Museums, libraries, and schools are typical projects that use general obligation bonds to finance them. This bond is backed by taxpayers not an FDIC insured bank.

Contamination is found in the unsaturated soils on site. The owner has chosen a method of remediation which involves removing the contaminants from the unsaturated soil and treating them above ground. After the soil has been treated it will be released into the environment. What is this method called? 1.)Photolysis 2.)Pump and treat 3.)Encapsulation 4.)Vapor extraction

4.)Vapor extraction Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a physical treatment process for in situ (in its original place) remediation of volatile contaminants in unsaturated soils. SVE is based on mass transfer of contaminant from the solid and liquid phases into the gas phase, with subsequent collection of the gas phase contamination at extraction wells. In essence, SVE is the vadose zone (zone that is not saturated with water) equivalent of the pump-and-treat technology for groundwater remediation. Pump and Treat is FOR GROUND WATER, NOT SOIL

What is the contour interval? 1.)Horizontal distance between contour lines 2.)Inverse of calculated slope at any one point 3.)Number of total contour lines on a topographic map 4.)Vertical distance between contour lines

4.)Vertical distance between contour lines A contour interval is the vertical distance between the elevations represented by adjacent contour lines on a map. Curving lines on a topographic map, called contours, represent vertical elevations of the land. Contour intervals typically increment at either 1', 2', 5', or 10'. The interval is decided based on the scale of what is being measured and the level of detail required.

Contingency is how many percent of construction cost?

5-10%

FF&E is how many percent of building cost?

5-10%

Contractor's Overhead and profit is how many percent of construction cost?

5-40%

An agreement between the arch/consultant must include: 1.) References to the owner/arch. agreement 2.) Requirement of consult. to carry liability insurance 3.) A provision stating that if the architect is not paid by owner, the architect won't pay the consult. 4.) Be based on C141 5.) None Select all that apply.

5.) None All of the other choices are nice BUT NOT REQUIRED. An agreement between arch/con. can be written or oral. Two key issues must be address: responsibilities and rewards. C141 can be used (in coordination with B141) if the agreement is signed. Insurance is NOT REQUIRED.

Above what number of occupants must 2 exits be provided?

50 People

According to A201-2007, if the GC wants to terminate a contract because the owner has repeatedly failed to fulfill the owner's obligations, how many days must pass?

60 Consecutive days

What is the minimum space for a wheelchair to turn in?

60" diameter circle

According to A201-2007, after the GC issues the Application for Payment, how many days does the architect have to respond?

7 Days

According to A201-2007, after the GC receives the approved Certificate of Payment, he has how many days to pay the subs?

7 Days

According to A201-2007, when the GC is not paid (through no fault of the GC), he has submit a written notice to the owner and architect that he will stop work and then have to wait how many days before actually stopping work?

7 Days

According to A201-2007, how many days notice should the GC give the owner and architect a notice that he will terminate the contract?

7 Days written notice, he is subject to receive payment for all work and costs incurred by such termination and damages.

How many days before must a prospective bidder issue his question before the bid date?

7 Days, and since any addendas must be issued 4-5 days before the bid date, that means that the architect has only 2-3 days to respond.

How many days written notice needs to be given if the owner or architect wants to terminate the contract?

7 days

According to Lynch/Hack, what is the minimum tolerable standing room/per person in a crowd?

7sf

What is a typical parking space size?

9' x 19'

What is the minimum clear allowed for a door?

A 36" wide door will have 32" clear when opened at 90 degrees.

What is an inducement?

A bonus for building higher (or whatever the benefit is) in exchange for making 2 units of affordable housing (FOR Example)

What is an "air barrier?"

A building envelope system that controls the movement of air in/out of building (INfiltraton/EXfiltration)

According to A201-2007, what is a "day?"

A calendar day

What is a node? What is an example?

A center of interest, it would most likely be the center of a district too. Example is a popular neighborhood gathering spot.

What is an infiltration basin?

A closed depression in the earth from which water can only escape into the soil. AKA: Catch Basin

What is a collector street?

A collector road or distributor road is a low-to-moderate-capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads. Unlike arterials, collector roads are designed to provide access to residential properties.

What is "rentable area?"

A commercial office building is not made up of private offices and cubicles alone. Corridors, meeting spaces, lobbies, stairways, restrooms and so on are used by all building tenants, and landlords charge for the use of this space as well. Rentable office space means the usable square feet of the office space plus a pro-rata share of building common areas. Pro-rata means that tenants pay for these common areas in proportion to the amount of space they lease in the building. Guidelines when counting rentable area: 1.) When measuring exterior wall that is more than 50% glass, measure from inside face of glass 2.) Measure to interior wall faces for office and corridors 3.) Demising walls are measured from centerline 4.) Include WC and corridors 5.) COUNT AREA AS IF COLUMNS DO NOT EXIST.

What is exaction?

A concept where a condition for development is imposed on a parcel of land that requires part of the land to be dedicated to public usage

Construction Scheduling

A construction schedule may be established by the GC/GC Manager. Most often it is by the architect during the programming phase so the client can know how long roughly it will take. The architect is making just an estimate and his estimate carries not guarantee

What is an "accessible route" and which of the follow counts? 1.) Corridors 2.) Doors 3.) Floors 4.) Ramps 5.) Elevators/lifts 6.) Stairs 7.) Walls

A continuous unobstructed path connecting all accessible spaces. 1.) Corridors 2.) Doors 3.) Floors 4.) Ramps 5.) Elevators/lifts

According to A201-2007, what is a claim?

A demand/assertion by 1 side seeking money or other relief with respect to terms in the contract document. The responsibility to provide evidence of the claim is one the person bringing the claim.

What circulation pattern is best when there are tight site contraints?

A doughnut system (basically a dumbell system looped into a circle)

What is a con of the "percentage of work" compensation method?

A great deal of time is spent on calculating the percentage, even in low cost projects. The architect may be tempted to use the most expensive of everything to drive up cost of "work" therefore the profit of the architect.

What is a primary social group?

A group of people whom one has the most intimate/greatest variety of social interaction with: family members

What is a secondary social group?

A group of people with whom one has less intimate and more specialized interactions: classmates

What is trenching?

A narrow/long excavation done to narrow footings and foundation walls

What is a baseline?

A parallel used as a primary starting point for the east/west layout of the US

What is a "vendor" and who's interest does he act for?

A person who supplies a service/product for a fixed price. He acts in his own interest.

According to A201-2007, what is a "subcontractor?"

A person/entity who has direct contact with GC to perform a portion of the work

What is "programming?"

A process to seek/analyze an architectural problem and what is needed in the physical solution. Programming is analysis, and design is synthesis.

Facilities Program

A program that considers scope, area minimums/adjacencies, approx. cost and site analysis. This is based on the functional program.

Which of the following are considered public utilities? Select all that apply. 1.)Electric service 2.)Trash removal 3.)Sewers 4.)Water 5.)Gas

A public utility is defined as, "an organization supplying a community with electricity, gas, water, or sewerage." Trash removal is a service not a utility.

Is a site that consisted mostly of sandy soil with a 6' top layer of expansive clay considered to be a major issue?

A relatively thin layer of expansive clay that is only 6' thick can be removed and replace with better soil, or the foundation can be placed on the good soil underneath the clay.

What is "inverse condemnation?"

A remedy by a court for a private land owner who land was taken away by the government.

According to A201-2007, how is a demand for arbitration made?

A request for mediation shall be made in writing, delivered to the other party and filed to the person administering the arbitration.

According to A201-2007, how does one file for mediation?

A request for mediation shall be made in writing, delivered to the other party and filed to the person administering the mediation. This request may be made concurrently with the filing of biding dispute resolution proceedings but in such events, mediation shall proceed in advance of binding resolution proceedings, which shall stay pending mediation for 60 days from the date of filing, unless stayed for a longer period by agreement of the parties or court order.

According to C401-2007, the consultant submits what for the architect to review that should be consistent with the Prime agreement?

A schedule for the performance of the consultant's work. Once this schedule is approved by the architect, the architect and consultant cannot (except for reasonable cause) exceed the schedule. (Section 2.7)

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, after the contract has been signed, what does the architect give the owner?

A schedule of the architect's performance

What is a bridge loan?

A short term loan used to quickly purchased property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting on another lender to approve the long term loan.

A(n) _______ analysis should specify the kinds of public access available near a site and define their proximity. 1.)Life-cycle 2.)Site 3.)Catchment 4.)Topographic

A site analysis should specify the kinds of public access available near a site and define their proximity.

What is a plat survey?

A survey performed to define and mark the boundaries of an existing parcel of land. This survey is also known as a boundary survey or plat of survey. The surveyor will locate and measure evidence in the field such as existing property corner monuments (iron pipes, rods, etc.), subdivision corners, section corners, fence lines and lines of occupation. This information will then be analyzed and compared with the recorded deed for the subject parcel to determine the property boundary. Iron rods are set at property corners where missing. A survey map is then prepared showing the boundary location, monuments set, encroachments, legal description and certification by the land surveyor. Plat surveys are of particularly important use in defining parcels of land along a widespread area, as in farmland or a city subdivision, where completely accurate estimates and boundaries would be too expensive or difficult to conduct. Along with the visual re-creation of the area, the survey is described in a rolling prose, setting out the same descriptions from the starting point, around, and back again in plain words.

According to A201-2007, no action or failure to respond by GC/owner/architect constitutes what?

A waiver of rights or duty afforded them under the contract document, failure to respond DOES NOT constitute approval in a breach there under, except what was previously agreed to in writing (Section 13.4.2)

What is "incentive zoning?"

A way to encourage private developers to provide amenities for public use in exchange for the opportunity to building a larger/taller structure on a site.

What is a "deed?"

A written document that describes the boundaries of the property and includes information about the owner and the party from whom the property was bought from.

According to A201-2007, what does the GC do if he wishes to make a claim for an increase in Contract sum?

A written notice shall be given before the portion of work has begun. Prior notice is NOT required if it relates to an emergency regarding life/property. (Section 15.1.4)

According to A201-2007, what does the GC do if he wishes to make a claim for an increase in Contract time?

A written notice stating the estimate of time and cost, if the case is an ongoing delay, ONLY 1 notice is needed. If the reason the contract time is needed is bad weather, the claim needs to be backed up with weather data. (Section 15.1.5.2)

Which type of occupancy has a max. occupant load of of 49 in which only 1 exit is needed?

A, B, E, F, M, U

Which statements are true about solar radiation? Select all that apply. 1.)The south wall of a building receives maximum solar radiation in the winter. 2.)South wall of a building receives maximum solar radiation in the summer. 3.)The roof, east, and west walls of a building receive maximum solar radiation in the winter. 4.)The roof and east and west walls of a building receive maximum solar radiation in the summer.

A,D Because of where the sun rises and sets in winter, exposure on south-facing walls is greater during these months. Conversely, because of where the sun rises and sets in summer, exposure on east-west-facing walls is greater during these months.

According to A101-2007, upon Substanstial Completion, what is paid to the GC?

A.) Full amount of the Contract Sum MINUS: 1.) Incomplete work 2.) Retainage 3.) Any unsettled claims NOTE: If final completion of the work is delayed by NO FAULT OF THE GC, the GC will be paid according to A201-2007 Section 9.10.3: 1.) Owner needs to pay for all completed work up until the delay 2.) If the amount not finished or corrected is LESS THAN the amount of retainage stated in the Contract Documents, the written consent of the surety for the portion of work completed and accepted shall be issued by the GC to the architect PRIOR to the architect approving the Certificate of Payment.

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, what are the principal agreements that make up the A201 family?

A101: Owner/GC (Stipulated sum) A102: Owner/GC (Cost plus fee, with GMP) A103: Owner/GC (Cost plus fee, no GMP) A401: GC/Sub B101: Architect/owner B102: Architect/owner (with no predefined scope of work) B103: architect/owner (large/complex project) B104: Architect/owner (limited scope) C401: Arch/consultant

What document is used when the owner wants to hire a GC has a CMA (Construction Manager as an advisor)?

A201 CMa (General Conditions of the conditions of the contract for construction, Construction manager advisor edition)

Where are supplementary conditions located and what do they do?

A201, they modify the General Conditions.

According to A101-2007, where does the GC go to see type of insurance and bonds he is to buy?

A201-2007

Which of these can affect construction cost? 1.) Location 2.) Labor/material availability 3.) Convenience of transportation systems 4.) Price control/credit control 5.) Labor costs 6.) Inflation

ALL OF THEM

According to C401-2007, the C401-2007 supercedes what?

ALL PRIOR negotiation, written or oral. C401-2007 can only be amended by written agreement by both architect and consultant. (Section 13.1)

According to A201-2007, when the final decision is made by the IDM, how long does the involved parties have to file for mediation?

ANY TIME (Section 15.2.6)

Programmatic Concepts

Abstract ideas on how to view/solve the client's performance problems before attempting to solve them with 3d design ideas

Which of the following are basic elements of the urban image according to Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City? Select all that apply. 1.)Construction 2.)Edge 3.)Edifice 4.)Landmark 5.)Node 6.)Path

According to Kevin Lynch's theory of imageability developed in The Image of the City there are 5 basic elements that define the image of urban areas. An edge is a linear element that divides two districts or breaks continuity. Edges do not include paths. Examples edges would be a shoreline or wall. Districts are 2D areas that observers see as a unified area that can be entered. Washington DC is an example of a district. Landmarks are point references that cannot be entered, only viewed. A statue would be an example of a landmark. Nodes are important points of interests that can be entered. A city hall or museum would be an example of a node. Paths are ways of circulating through cities. Examples of paths would be railways, roads, and pedestrian walkways.

According to A201-2007, who pays for the mediator's fee and any filing fees?

All parties involve SHARE the costs. The location of the mediation is the project location UNLESS otherwise mutually agreed

According to A201-2007, what type of property insurance is the Owner to buy?

All risk, comprising total value of the entire project. Owner has this insurance UNTIL final payment OR until no person other than the owner has an insurable interest int he property, WHICHEVER IS LATER. This insurance shall include interests of the owner , GC, and subs.

Float Path

All the paths in the network, other than the critical path. It is the difference between the critical path and other paths. As long as the float is not exceeded, the project will be on time

RPC (Residential Planned Community)

Allows the developers to integrate residential, commercial and industrial uses, and to divide land into different densities. Based on the village-neighborhood-town concept, a good example: Columbia, Maryland Similar to the new town concept: The New Town concept originated in Great Britain in the 1940s. The concept revolved around the idea that new communities should be located outside of the chaos and ugliness of the city. The idea largely failed in England and the United States because it created isolated towns that lacked employment opportunities. Examples: Columbia, Maryland and Reston, Virginia. They never became truly independent as they lacked significant employment centers.

According to A201-2007, who administers an arbitration?

American Arbitration Association in accordance to it's Construction Industry Mediation Procedures

What are ADA Requirements based off of?

American National Standards Institute's ICC/ANSI A117.1 "Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities"

What is albedo?

Amount of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface, from 0-1 (with a mirror being 1)

What is an ALTA Survey?

An American Land Title Association survey is a land survey performed for lenders and title companies to provide information required to issue property titles or mortgage insurance. ALTA surveys determine exact property lines, water boundaries, improvements, existing easements, encroachments and other land-ownership elements.

What is a check?

An area 24 miles on a side bounded by parallels (east/west lines) and meridians (north/south lines).

What is a "neighborhood?"

An area in which the people all share similar needs, desires in housing, social activities, etc.

What is a "incidental use area?"

An area that is incidental (less important) to the major occupancy and classified as the same occupancy as the major occupancy in which the incidental use is located but by code needs to be separated from the main occupancy with a fire barrier.

What is a district? What is an example?

An area with a large concentration of similar items, such as a "hospital" district.

A(n) ___________ is the right of one party to use the land of another party for a particular purpose. 1.)Variance 2.)Easement 3.)Right-of-way 4.)Setback

An easement is a right to cross or otherwise use someone else's land for a specified purpose. A variance grants an exception for a particular part of a zoning ordinance or code within a municipality's jurisdiction. A variance applies only to a specific property. The manner in which variances are employed can differ greatly depending on the municipality.

According to C401-2007, after the consultant has been informed by the architect of all the project requirements, what does the consultant give the architect?

An estimate of the cost of work (for the portion of work the consultant is involved in) (Section 6.2) If this estimate exceeds the owner's budget, the consultant will make recommendations to the architect to adjust project size, quality or budget related to this portion of work. (Section 6.3)

Nonconforming Usage

An use that is no longer permitted by the zoning ordinance. It concerns uses that do not comply with current zoning regulations but that were permitted by the zoning ordinances in effect when the structure was built. Nonconforming uses are allowed to continue unless they are unless, or the owner stops using the property in it original use, or the property is destroyed by a fire

According to A101-2007, who is the Initial Decision Maker (IDM)?

Architect

According to A201-2007, communications by and to the architect's consultants are through who?

Architect

According to A201-2007, who owns the "instruments of service?"

Architect

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, if the contract requires that the GC provide professional design/certification services, who sets the standards?

Architect

Design Scheduling

Architect has control over the scheduling of design/production of contract docs, but none over construction. However, an architect must be able to estimate the entire project schedule during programming, so he can suggest fast-track for example

After the awarding of the bid, what does the GC give the architect and the owner?

Architect: 1.) AIA Document A305 (Contractor's Qualification) Owner: 1.) Summary of the work to be done 2.) Names of the main products and manufacturers involved 3.) Who is doing the major pieces of work

An area/volume estimate is primarily used during which phase of a project?

Area/volume estimate is a type of cost estimating, used primarily during the schematic design (SD) phase because of the lack of details available, to determine a preliminary cost estimate based on cost per square foot [area] and cost per cubic foot [volume].

According to C401-2007, what governs arbitration if it is chosen the method to dispute claims?

As per section C401-2007 Section 8.2, the Federal Arbitration Act shall govern what is set forth in Section 8.3 of B101-2007 (Section 10.1)

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, what is the flagship owner-architect agreement?

B101-2007 (it replaces both B141-1997 and B151-1997)

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, what are some other owner-architect agreements?

B103: Large/complex project B104: Project of limited scope B105: Residential/small B201: Design/construrction contract admin B203: Site evaluation/planning B204: Value analysis B205: Historical preservation B206: Security evaluation/planning B209: Construction contract admin B210: Facility support services B211: Commissioning B214: LEED Certification B252: Architectural interior design B253: FF&E

What is the most common form between the architect and owner?

B141, Standard form of agreement between owner and architect with standard form of architect's services (THIS FORM IS OLD, THE NEW ONE IS B101-2007)

According to A201-2007, when does the owner file with the GC a copy of each policy that includes insurance required in the contract document?

BEFORE an expose to loss may occur. Each policy shall contain a provision that the insurance cannot be cancelled without at least a 30 day written notice to the GC (Section 11.3.6)

What modern day city has a star pattern?

Baltimore, Chicago. Revolves around an urban core, development follows radiating spokes of transit. It is a radiocentric form with open spaces, with low density "fingers" of development

What are the initial information in B141 (Standard form of agreement between owner and architect with standard form of architect's services.)?

Basic information about the project such as objective, program, physical/legal/financial/time limits, and key people involved.

When is a good time to use Square footage methods to calculate compensation?

Best used for repetitive types of projects for which the architect has a good historical time and expense data.

What is a bond?

Bonds are issued by governments and corporations when they want to raise money. By buying a bond, you're giving the issuer a loan, and they agree to pay you back the face value of the loan on a specific date, and to pay you periodic interest payments along the way, usually twice a year. Unlike stocks, bonds issued by companies give you no ownership rights. So you don't necessarily benefit from the company's growth, but you won't see as much impact when the company isn't doing as well, either—as long as it still has the resources to stay current on its loans. Bonds, then, give you 2 potential benefits when you hold them as part of your portfolio: They give you a stream of income, and they offset some of the volatility you might see from owning stocks.

What are revenue bonds (A.K.A. Rate Supported Bonds)

Bonds that are used to finance revenue producing facilities, the bonds are repaid by the revenue from the customers using the services that the bond funding paid for. For example: Toll bridge

In conflicts between zoning ordinance and building code, who wins?

Building Code

What is a catchment area?

Catchment areas may be defined by physical boundaries such as a river or freeway, by artificial political boundaries such as a city line or school district limit, or by a less apparent division like between two separate ethnic neighborhoods. Example: City of Walnut is the catchment area for WHS.

Which city invented the idea of a "historic district?"

Charleston, South Carolina in 1931 as a response to attrition of it's aging building stock through theft, demolition and neglect.

What is the Cite Industrielle Concept?

Cité Industrielle, urban plan designed by Tony Garnier and published in 1917 under the title of Une Cité Industrielle. It represents the culmination of several philosophies of urbanism that were the outgrowth of the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Europe. The Cité Industrielle was to be situated on a plateau in southeastern France, with hills and a lake to the north and a river and valley to the south. The plan takes into consideration all the aspects necessary to running a Socialist city. It provides separate zones for separate functions, a concept later found in such new towns (see new town) as Park Forest, Ill., and Reston, Va. These zones—residential, industrial, public, and agricultural—are linked by location and circulation patterns, both vehicular and pedestrian.

According to A201-2007, What is included in a change order?

Complete agreement by owner, GC and architect 1.) The change in the work 2.) The change in the amount sum 3.) The change in contract time

What are the con of the Design-Bid-Build method?

Con: 1.) Phases need to be done before the next phase starts

Exacation

Concept where a condition for development is imposed on a parcel of land that requires part of the land to be dedicated for public use.

When a Construction manager is brought in, how the architect's list of responsibilities change?

Construction administration is shifted from the architect to the CM.

What is a "survey?"

Contain same things as a plat (It includes new streets, easements, setbacks, other special uses and a statement by the owner depicting any parts of the site reserved for public usage. ) BUT ALSO: property boundaries, existing buildings, utilities lines, natural features, the KEY DIFFERENCE IS THAT A SURVEY INCLUDES TOPOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

How does heat movement through glass occur?

Convection: In liquids and gases, convection is usually the most efficient way to transfer heat. Convection occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. As this happens, cooler liquid or gas takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This cycle results in a continous circulation pattern and heat is transfered to cooler areas. You see convection when you boil water in a pan. The bubbles of water that rise are the hotter parts of the water rising to the cooler area of water at the top of the pan. You have probably heard the expression "Hot air rises and cool air falls to take its place" - this is a description of convection in our atmosphere. Heat energy is transfered by the circulation of the air. Radiation: Both conduction and convection require matter to transfer heat. Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not rely upon any contact between the heat source and the heated object. For example, we feel heat from the sun even though we are not touching it. Heat can be transmitted though empty space by thermal radiation. Thermal radiation (often called infrared radiation) is a type electromagnetic radiation (or light). Radiation is a form of energy transport consisting of electromagnetic waves traveling at the speed of light. No mass is exchanged and no medium is required. Objects emit radiation when high energy electrons in a higher atomic level fall down to lower energy levels. The energy lost is emitted as light or electromagnetic radiation. Energy that is absorbed by an atom causes its electrons to "jump" up to higher energy levels. All objects absorb and emit radiation. ( Here is a java applet showing how an atom absorbs and emits radiation) When the absorption of energy balances the emission of energy, the temperature of an object stays constant. If the absorption of energy is greater than the emission of energy, the temperature of an object rises. If the absorption of energy is less than the emission of energy, the temperature of an object falls.

What is this form of cost estimation? Unit Cost System.

Cost per square foot based on recent experience, enables estimators to apply cost data accumulated from 1 building to a different building type, provided the design and performance criteria are similar. (Used in Programming)

What type of fee structure is used when an owner wants to pick a specific GC?

Cost plus Fee Contract

What is debt service/cost of money?

Cost to pay off a construction loan for a project. It is considered to be an ongoing expense and NOT PART OF THE ORIGINAL PROJECT COST.

What is a debt service?

Cost to pay off the construction loan for a project, this is an ongoing cost over many years

What are development impact fees?

Costs charged to developers for offsite infrastructure improvements made necessary by new developments (ex: hookup fees for utility used during construction)

What is CC&R?

Covenant, conditions and restrictions, which are all the rules that apply to a property owner in a subdivision, condo or a coop housing unit.

According to A201-2007, the GC shall take reasonable precautions to provide protection to prevent what?

Damage, injury or loss

According to A201-2007, all claims need to be resolved by what date?

Date of final payment (unless 30 days have passed after the claim was filed and not decision has been made yet). The architect can only serve as the IDM between the owner and GC (unless the IDM, owner and GC agree otherwise) Section 15.2.1

A _______ is a legal clause that places limitations or restrictions on the use of a property. 1.)mechanics lein 2.)deed restriction 3.)easement 4.)covenant

Deed restrictions are written into a property's deed and can take the form of conditions, covenants, and restrictions (sometimes called "CC&Rs"). The property's past or present owner, developer, builder, neighborhood, or homeowners association usually imposes them. Deed restrictions are usually aimed at ensuring that there is an aesthetic uniformity between your property and neighboring properties and that certain other activities are limited. Reasons for including these restrictions may be to maintain the value of a property or to promote good relations within a residential community. Most will last 10, 15, 20 or 30 years.

How long are most deed restrictions established for? 1.)24-72 hours 2.)26-52 weeks 3.)10-30 years 4.)50-100 years 5.)Indefinitely

Deed restrictions, also known as restrictive covenants, contain provisions that restrict the use of the property by the buyer. For instance a community may agree to setup restrictive covenants regarding height limit (in addition to zoning) to preserve a view of a mountainous landscape. Most deed restrictions are established and maintained for a predefined amount of time such as 10, 15, 20, or 30 years.

How is density different than crowding?

Density: Amount of people per area. Density (physical) vs crowding (psychological) 4 people sharing a room is crowding, but if each had adequate personal space, they would be less crowded.

What is restoration?

Depicts a property at a particular period of time in its history, while removing evidence of other periods. Order of most to least historically accurate: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, Reconstruction.

CPM

Depicts all the tasks need to complete a project, the order they occur, their duration, the earliest/latest start time

Which type of Project Delivery Method facilitates the Fast Track Method?

Design Build

Many older buildings contain lead paint. Why is it considered a hazardous material?

Deteriorating lead paint can produce dangerous lead levels in household dust and soil. Deteriorating lead paint and lead-containing household dust are the main causes of chronic lead poisoning. The lead breaks down into the dust and since children are more prone to crawling on the floor, it is easily ingested. Many young children display pica, eating things that are not food. Even a small amount of a lead-containing product such as a paint chip or a sip of glaze can contain tens or hundreds of milligrams of lead. Eating chips of lead paint presents a particular hazard to children, generally producing more severe poisoning than occurs from dust. Because removing lead paint from dwellings, e.g. by sanding or torching creates lead-containing dust and fumes, it is generally safer to seal (or encapsulate) the lead paint under new paint. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, and reproductive and nervous systems. It interferes with the development of the nervous system and is therefore particularly toxic to children, causing potentially permanent learning and behavior disorders.

What is zoning and where did it start?

Division of a city into districts and the regulation of land usage.It started in 1916 in NY City. It is for the health, safety and welfare of the city.

Deed

Document signed by the seller (grantor) and given to the buyer (grantee) conveying the title of a property from one owner to another, when a property is sold.

According to A201-2007, what are shop drawings?

Drawings, diagrams, schedules other data made by the GC/sub to show A PORTION OF THE WORK

In CPM, The dashed arrows that indicate dependency relationships and are not activities themselves, and thus no duration, what are these arrows called?

Dummies, they allow the establishment of dependency relationships without tying to non-dependent activities.

During what era a did urban design aesthetics first come to the forefront of the public consciousness? 1.)Ancient Greece 2.)Ancient Rome 3.)Dark Ages 4.)Renaissance 5.)Cold war

During the renaissance (14th-17th centuries in Europe) city planners began to focus on the aesthetics of the cities they were planning. Although city defense was still important, planners began to think of creative ways to integrate beauty and function.

Who proposed the "Garden City" Movement and what are 2 examples?

Ebenezer Howard. Letchwood in 1903 Welwyn Garden City in 1920

What is the difference between "exit" and "egress?"

Egress is a synonym of exit. As nouns the difference between egress and exit is that egress is an exit/way out, while exit is a way out. As verbs the difference between egress and exit is that egress is to exit/leave/to go/come out while exit is to go out.

What is this form of cost estimation? Component Cost System.

Enables a more precise selection of components and systems. (Used in DD)

What is this form of cost estimation? Building Subsystem.

Enables comparison between different conceptual solutions. ( Used in SD)

According to A201-2007, the GC shall promptly fix all errors caused by his team except for what kinds of errors?

Errors NOT caused by the GC

Life Cycle Assessment

Evaluates the environmental impact from initial raw material extraction to final recycling, reuse and disposal.

What is more effective with blocking wind? Evergreen or deciduous?

Evergreen

When exiting the building, what is the order? Exit, exit discharge, and exit access

Exit access, exit then exit discharge.

What is true of expressways? 1.)They allow pedestrian access 2.)They connect local streets 3.)They move large volumes of traffic between, through, and around population centers 4.)They move small-to-moderate volumes of traffic between, through, and around population centers

Expressways (major highways, freeways, and turnpikes) commonly connect arterial streets and allow large volumes of traffic to pass through, around, and between populated areas. Exit ramps, entrance ramps, and intersections on expressways are typically limited to provide faster travel. Pedestrian circulation and parking are avoided along these routes.

What is better? Internal or external shading?

External

True or False? Architect controls sequencing while GC sets the schedule.

FALSE Architect sets the schedule but the GC sets the sequence.

What does the Life Safety Code address?

FIRE is the main issue. Used with the building code. It addresses construction, protection and occupancy features needed to minimize danger to life from fire. It DOES NOT address general fire damage prevention or building construction features that are normally part of the fire or building code.

Negligence

Failure to use due care to avoid harming another person/property

According to A201-2007, the GC is not responsible to the owner/architect for the work of the GC's subs.

False

According to A201-2007, when the GC submits an application for payment, he does not need to guarantee that the portion being requested for payment is free of liens and other complications.

False, GC needs to be free of liens and other claims.

According to C401-2007, the consultant cannot hire a representative to act on it's behalf as this is considered an extra cost, T or F?

False, consultant can hire a rep (like a owner's clerk of the work, an architect's project rep or a GC's superintendent). The consultant cannot replace his representative with the architect's approval. (Section 2.2)

According to A201-2007, payment to the GC includes materials and equipment only stored on site.

False, if previously agreed to, it can include materials and equipment NOT stored on site.

According to A201-2007, the GC is required to request payment for portions of work that was done by a sub that he does not intend to pay.

False, if the GC does not intend to pay a sub for his portion of the work, then he does not apply for that amount of the money.

According to A201-2007, the owner is only allowed to request the GC to buy bonds covering faithful performance of the work.

False, the owner can request the GC to buy bonds covering faithful performance of the work AND payments of obligation as required per contract document (Section 11.4.1)

According to A201-2007, the architect buys "Loss of Use" insurance.

False, the owner is to buy "loss of use" insurance (OPTIONAL), this covers fire and other hazards. The owner waives all rights of action against the GC for loss of use of the owner's property, including consequential loss due to fire and other hazards, however caused.

According to A201-2007, the GC is required to purchase boiler insurance.

False, the owner needs to buy boiler and machinery insurance NOT the GC

According to A201-2007, in the event of a delay from either party, the affected party is not allowed to claim damages.

False, they can claim damages

Construction Types are influenced by what?

Fire zones, which are zones divided by the city showing degree of fire hazard based on density, access for fire fighters, existing building heights, etc.

According to A201-2007, what is "all risk" property insurance?

Fire, physical loss/damage, theft, vandalism, malicious mischief, collapse, earthquake, flood, storm, falsework, testing/startup, temporary buildings, and debris removal. It shall cover reasonable compensation for Architect and GC's services/expenses required as a result of such losses

Which of the following is NEVER a municipal service? 1.)Fire protection 2.)Police protection 3.)Street cleaning 4.)Trash removal 5.)None of the above

Fire, police, street cleaning, and trash removal are all services that may be offered by municipalities.

Which of the following is NEVER a municipal service? 1.)Fire protection 2.)Police protection 3.)Street cleaning 4.)Trash removal 5.)None of the above

Fire, police, street cleaning, and trash removal are all services that may be offered by municipalities.

According to A201-2007, at substantial completion, the architect discovers work that is not in line with the contract document, what does the GC do?

Fix/finish the work then have the architect do another inspection for substantial completion.

What is a conventional mortgages?

Fixed or adjustable interest rate, is secured by the property purchased. The party borrowing the money agrees to repay the loan over a period of time, and when the debt is repaid, the borrower has a clear title to the property. If the borrower defaults, the lender will begin to foreclosure and seize the property.

What is preservation?

Focuses on the maintenance and repair of existing historic materials and retention of a property's form as it has evolved over time. Order of most to least historically accurate: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, Reconstruction.

What idea was first set forth by Frederick Law Olmstead? 1.)Flattening 2.)Renaissance architecture revival 3.)Use of naturalistic elements 4.)Zoning

Frederick Law Olmstead (1822-1903) was a landscape architect who was one of the first to put forth the idea of preserving natural features of areas while adding naturalistic elements. For his ideas, he is often considered the "father of landscape architecture". Olmstead is well-known for his contributions to the Columbian Exposition, for designing New York's Central Park, the grounds of the U.S. Capitol, and many other parks throughout the United States.

Why are FF&E items usually counted separately from the project budget?

Funding for these items may come out of a separate budget and contract

According to A201-2007, communication by and to the subs/material contractor is through who?

GC

According to A201-2007, who pays for all licensing and royalties?

GC

According to A201-2007, who provides the access to the work?

GC

In a Guaranteed Max Price, if the agreed to amount is $5,000, and the construction cost ends up being $7,000, who pays for the extra $2,000?

GC

In a stipulated sum (A.K.A. Fixed Price Contract), if the agreed to amount is $5,000, and the construction cost ends up being $7,000, who pays the extra $2,000?

GC

Whose job is it to develop a construction schedule that documents the sequence of the work and will allow the work to be done on time?

GC

According to A201-2007, before the claim is resolved, what does the owner and GC do?

GC continues work and owner continues to pay GC as if nothing happened (Section 15.1.3)

According to A201-2007, what happens if the GC performs work knowing it to be contrary to laws, statues, ordinances, codes, rules, regulations?

GC is responsible for the mistake.

According to A201-2007, if specific instructions are given about construction means/methods/techniques that the GC deems unsafe, what is to do?

GC is to notify the architect and owner in writing about this issue and NOT to proceed until architect responds in writing. If the GC is instructed to go ahead with the unsafe means/methods/techniques, the owner is responsible for all damages incurred.

According to A201-2007, if the unpaid balance of the contract sum exceeds the cost of finishing the work (after the owner terminated the contract), the excess money will return to the GC. What happens if the cost of finishing the work exceeds the unpaid balance?

GC pays owner, amount is determined by IDM.

According to A201-2007, if a portion of the GC's work is dependent on work that is done previously by the owner and it is discovered by the GC that the work done by the owner is faulty, what does the GC do?

GC to report to architect immediately, failure to report to architect constitutes an acceptance of the work by the GC (EXCEPT work that cannot be reasonably discoverable)

According to A201-2007, if the GC has reason to believe that the required designs, process or products has infringed a copyright/patent, who is responsible for such losses incurred?

GC, unless the information about the infringement was notified to the architect

What is A201-2007?

General Conditions of the Contract for Construction

Overhead

General Cost of a building that cannot be directly assigned to a project. This includes: rent, supplies, taxes, professional dues. Salaries and benefits qualifies only if the employee or principal is not doing project related work.

A(n) _________ is any tax imposed for general governmental purposes. 1.)Ad valorem tax 2.)Basic tax 3.)General tax 4.)Special tax

General tax refers to a general levy by a government that offers no special benefit to the taxpayer, but only a support to governmental programs that benefit all. It is a source of public revenue.

The rebuilding of Paris in the 19th century closely followed a comprehensive plan set forth by which Prefect of the Seine Department? 1.)Georges-Eugène Haussmann 2.)Le Corbusier 3.)Camillo Sitte 4.)Christopher Wren

Georges-Eugène Haussmann's most notable achievement as his reinvisionment of Paris, France. His plan featured large straight boulevards with public spaces featured at the end of the streets. His plan helped reduce riots, created defensible spaces, and eased traffic flow. His vision for the city is still a prime characteristic of Paris.

According to A201-2007, what does the GC when he believes that his work is substantially complete?

Give the architect a comprehensive list of items to be finished/fixed prior to final completion. Failure to submit this list DOES NOT free the GC of having to finish/fix work that is discovered.

What is a "Conditional Use Permit?"

Granted by zoning board for a special purpose for the welfare/convenience of the public. Example: A temporary street fair in a location where it would normally not be allowed. Another example: Elementary school inside a residential zone.

What type of soil is best for earth sheltered buildings?

Granular, so therefore gravel and sand are best. Clay: particles less than .002 mm in diameter. Expands when wet and subject to slippage. Bad for foundations, landscaping and drainage. Silt: particles between 0.002-0.05 mm in diameter. Stable when dry/damp but unstable when wet. BAD for foundations. Swells/heaves when frozen and compresses under load. Sands: particles between .05-2 mm in diameter Gravel: particles over 2 mm in diameter. Excellent for construction loads and drainage, bad for landscaping.

According to A201-2007, what is a "drawing?"

Graphic and pictorial portions of the Contract Documents showing: 1) Design 2.) Location 3.) Dimensions 4.) Plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules, diagrams

Which of the following soil types are excellent for foundations? Select 2. 1.)Clay 2.)Gravels 3.)Peat 4.)Sands 5.)Silt

Gravel and sand are great for solid foundations because they have good bearing capacity and drain well.

What type of planning concept is shown by medieval cities?

Grid layout

Which organization concept is good for when a large amount of circulation is needed?

Grid system

What type of planning concept is shown by Savannah, Georgia?

Grid, it was based on a ward of 40 house lots bounded by major streets in a grid and contained an interior square.

What is good for slopes of 2-4% ?

Ground areas for drainage, grass area for recreation, landscape slopes

Stipulated Sum (Fixed Price Contract or Lump Sum)

Guaranteed costs for construction before the start of construction and CMc services. Once the cost is agreed, the owner is obligated to pay the amount. However, construction costs may be revised by change orders for changes in project scope. If the architect finishes early, he earns more, if he finishes late, there is no increase in fee, so he earns less.

Which type of occupancy has a max. occupant load of of 3 in which only 1 exit is needed?

H1-H3

Which type of occupancy has a max. occupant load of of 410 in which only 1 exit is needed?

H4-H5, I-1, I-3, I-4, R, S

In terms of activities, what is good for slopes of 10% or greater ?

Hard to use/climb and more than 25% can cause erosion.

According to A201-2007, if the GC fails to submit a submittal schedule, what happens?

He is not entitled to any increase in contract sum or extension of contract time based on the time required for the review of submittals.

According to A201-2007, if the GC discovers human remains/burials/etc, what does he do?

He is suspend work on that portion affected UNTIL the owner instructs him to continue that portion

According to A201-2007, what happens if an architect receives a submittal from the GC that is not required by the contract documents?

He may return them WITHOUT REVIEW

According to A201-2007, what does the owner do if he refuses to buy All risk property insurance?

He needs to inform the GC in writing BEFORE work starts. If the owner does not do this step, he is responsible for ALL damages to the GC that arose from the owner's denial insurance. (Section 11.3.1.2)

According to A201-2007, what happens to payments to the GC if before final completion, the project is delayed through no fault of GC?

He will be paid up until that delay

According to A201-2007, when does the architect make site visits?

He will visit the site at intervals appropriate to the stage of construction, or as previously agreed wih owner, to become generally familiar with the progress/quality of work done and to check it's conformance to the Contract documents. THE ARCHITECT IS NOT REQUIRED TO MAKE EXHAUSTIVE AND CONTINUOUS ON SITE CHECKS FOR THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF WORK.

What is an example of a "direct gain system?"

High mass materials (concrete, masonry, tile, stone, terrazo) on the south side collect/store heat.

What modern day city has a satellite pattern?

Houston Constellation of smaller urban development, each with it's own central core all located around a larger main central core. Outer cores are connected by a road or belt.

U Factor/Value

How well something transfers heat (Low U Value: Slow heat loss/gain such as a brick wall.) ( High U Value: High heat loss/gain (window) U = 1/R

What is ADA based off of?

ICC/ANSI A117.1 "Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities"

In what 2 ways can the health risks of asbestos found in building renovation be avoided? 1.)Heat-drying 2.)Adequate cross-ventilation 3.)Abatement 4.)Vaccuming 5.)Encapsulation

If asbestos is discovered during construction a specialist should be hired to assess the situation. The specialist will most likely recommend abatement (removing) the asbestos or encapsulating (sealing) it. Asbestos is only problematic when it becomes airborne.

According to A201-2007, how is a written notice deemed to have been duly served?

If delivered in person to company, sent by registered/certified mail/courier providing proof of delivery (Section 13.3)

From a legal perspective, who is responsible to the owner for a consultant's mistake?

If the consultant is signed to the architect, then the architect is responsible.

For objects protruding out of a wall, what is the max. amount of protrusion?

If the protrusion is under 27" high, there is no limit to how much it can protrude as long as the minimum pass is allowed (32"), when above 27", the max. protrusion is 4"

According to A201-2007, if a portion of the work has been covered that the architect has not specifically requested to be examined PRIOR to being covered, the architect may request the area to be uncovered. Who pays for this uncovering?

If the work is in accordance with contract documents: The owner If the work is NOT in accordance with the contact documents: GC

What is a con of the "Stipulated sum" compensation method?

If work runs over the originally allotted time, the profits originally predicted are lost.

According to A201-2007, what are Product datas?

Illustrations, schedules, performance charts, instructions, brochures, diagrams and other information by the GC TO ILLUSTRATE MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT FOR SOME PORTION OF THE WORK.

In terms of activities, what is good for slopes of 4-10% ?

Informal movement and outdoor activities, can be built without much trouble.

Which range is considered an acceptable personal distance? 1.)0'-6" to 1'-6" 2.)1'-6" to 2'-6" 3.)4'-0" to 12'-0" 4.)12'-0" and beyond

Intimate distance ranges from 0'-6" to 0'-18" Personal distance ranges from 1'-6" to 2'-6" Social distance ranges from 4'-0" to 12'-10" Public distance ranges from 12'-0" and beyond

Which range is considered an acceptable public distance? 1.)0'-6" to 1'-6" 2.)1'-6" to 2'-6" 3.)4'-0" to 12'-0" 4.)12' and beyond

Intimate distance ranges from 0'-6" to 0'-18" Personal distance ranges from 1'-6" to 2'-6" Social distance ranges from 4'-0" to 12'-10" Public distance ranges from 12'-0" and beyond

What is this form of cost estimation? Parameter Method (During CD)

Involves an expanded itemization of construction quantities and assignment of unit costs to these amounts. It makes it possible to evaluate the cost implications of each building component and to make designs concerning both quality/quantity in order to meet the original budget estimate. Instead of using 1 number for floor finishes, the cost is broken down into carpeting, unfinished wood, etc.

What is the City Beautiful Movement?

It began with the Columbian Exposition in 1893, it is a reform philosophy of North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. The movement, which was originally associated mainly with Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, and Washington, D.C., promoted beauty not only for its own sake, but also to create moral and civic virtue among urban populations. Advocates of the philosophy believed that such beautification could promote a harmonious social order that would increase the quality of life, while critics would complain that the movement was overly concerned with aesthetics at the expense of social reform; Jane Jacobs referred to the movement as an "architectural design cult."

What is a design concept?

It implies a definite type of physical solution. An example is: a multilevel system of pedestrian circulation.

What is a "variance?"

It is a deviation from the zoning regulations applicable to a land parcel. It is used when zoning causes undue hardship on a property owner or zoning code does not cover usual situations

What is a "Blanket Loan?"

It is a loan used for purchases of land that the developer intends to subdivide and resell, it usually includes a clause that releases each plot from the loan as it is purchased and a portion of the debt is repaid.

What is this form of cost estimation? Matrix Costing (During DD)

It is a way of comparing and evaluating alternative construction components. In this method, a matrix is drawn showing along 1 side the various alternatives, and along the other side, the individual elements that combine to produce the total cost of the alternatives.

Functional Program

It is information/data provided by the owner for the analysis/creation of a facilities program

According to A201-2007, how does the architect use the schedule of values?

It is the basis for reviewing the GC's application for payment.

What is the purpose of a "functional program?"

It provides raw data for analysis and development of a facilities program (a facilities program considers scope, area requirements, adjacencies, cost and site analysis)

What characterizes a Greek town?

It was based on a system of rectangular blocks devoted to houses with a city center with public buildings. The walls were irregular as they followed the nearby perimeter and were used for city protection.

According to A201-2007, if the owner accepts non-conforming work, what happens to the contract sum?

It will be reduced as necessary.

What is the benefits of a rectangular shaped building?

It's long side running E-W which can utilize sunlight and get prevailing winds for natural ventilation.

Exits cannot pass though what?

Kitchens, storage rooms, closets

What is LCA an acronym for?

LCA is an acronym for Life-cycle Assessment or Life-cycle Analysis. It evaluates the environmental impact from initial raw material to final disposal.

What is a mezzanine loan?

Large loans with variable interest rates that increases substantially near the time of repayment.

What is true about laser scanning? 1.)Accuracy of about ±0.10% 2.)Uses radar to pickup points in space 3.)Scans from any number of points 4.)Slower than convergent photogrammetry

Laser scanning has the following features: 1.)uses pulsing medium-range laser beams that scan 3d spaces to create a 'point cloud'. 2.)accuracy ranges from ±0.05% to ±0.01% (for instance an actual 1'-0" measurement could show up as 1'-0 5/8" [a 0.05% accuracy]) 3.)laser scans can be taken from one or a number of points to collect more data about the spatial environment. 4.)laser scanners range widely is cost. Handheld and small laser scanners can be around $300.00 while high quality laser scanners like the one depicted below can be upwards of $100,000. laser scanning is faster than convergent photogrammetry

Select 3 areas in renovation of existing construction that are the most likely places where lead might be a concern. 1.)Existing Paint 2.)Ceiling insulation 3.)In drinking water 4.)Existing pipes 5.)Interior door frames

Lead is a hazardous material that may be discovered during renovations of older projects. It may be discovered in existing paint, drinking water, or existing pipes or plumbing. Additionally, it may be found in ceramics, soils, dust solders. Find out more here

Water Table

Level underground in which the soil is saturated with water. The water generally follows the slope of the grade above, with slight variations. Boring logs will show whether groundwater is present and how deep. Site with high water tables (6-8' below grade) can cause issues with excavation, foundations, utility placement and landscaping.

What is "Design-Negotiate-Build?"

Like Design-bid-build, the architect provides the design and contract documents, the owner will request proposals instead of bids, then based on the bids, the owner and GC will negotiate to make a final selection. This is not allowed for public projects and this method is chosen over design-bid-build because it gives the owner the opportunity to prequalify the GC's.

____________ is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by rapid loading. 1.)Plasticity 2.)Liquefaction 3.)Erosion 4.)Soil boring 5.)Proctor test

Liquefaction Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. Liquefaction occurs in saturated soils. This water exerts a pressure on the soil particles that influences how tightly the particles themselves are pressed together. Prior to an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However, earthquake shaking can cause the water pressure to increase to the point where the soil particles can readily move with respect to each other.

For hot/humid temperatures, what shape of building is best?

Long along E-W for breeze, natural cooling, and to minimize severe heat from E-W. Courtyard and broad overhangs help.

What is a "ground lease?"

Long term lease of property that allows the tenant to use/improve the land, but reverts back to the owner at end of lease

What is an example of the "field pattern" for a city?

Los Angeles, it has no central focus or apparent overall organization scheme, development takes place in an amorphous network of roads and natural features.

Buildable Area

Lot area minus required setbacks.

Why is a grassy area cooler?

Low albedo and high conductivity.

What 4 factors make a space "defensible?" (according to Oscar Newman)

M.I.N.T. 1.) Milieu: Other features that affect safety (distance to police station, local mall) 2.) Image: How does the physical design create an image of safety 3.) Natural surveillance: Link of area's physical characteristics and the resident's ability to observe the area 4.) Territoriality: Idea that home is sacred and I will defend it.

___________ refers to the overall climate of the region and is reflected in the weather data available from the National Weather Service. 1.)Global climate 2.)Macroclimate 3.)Megaclimate 4.)Microclimate

Macroclimate is the overall climate of a region usually a large geographic area. It includes general data that pertains to a broad area (such as a region). In contrast, microclimate pertains to site-specific data such as vegetation, topography, water features, and man-made structures.

What type of contract agreement is best for fast track construction?

Many prime construction (when certain things needs to proceed before other things are designed or priced), this is different than "multiple prime construction" where major portions of the work are contracted separately with the owner. Many prime is a lot harder to manage than multiple prime.

According to A201-2007, the owner is responsible for materials/substances the GC brings on site except for what?

Materials/substances NOT required by the contract documents. (NOT including materials/substances that is damaged by the GC) Section 10.3.4

According to A201-2007, claims, disputes and other matters are subject to what?

Mediation

According to C401-2007, when are claims subject to mediation as a condition precedent to binding dispute resolution?

Mediation shall be conducted as per B101-2007, section 8.2.1, 8.2.2, and 8.2.3. 1.) The claim is unrelated to a claim between architect and owner 2.) Consultant is not allowed to be involved When the above does not resolve the claim, the following are available: 1) Arbitration 2.) Litigation (Section 8.2)

What is a "Metes and Bounds Survey?"

Metes and bounds, limits or boundaries of a tract of land as identified by natural landmarks, such as rivers, or by man-made structures, such as roads, or by stakes or other markers. A principal legal type of land description in the United States, metes-and-bounds descriptions are commonly used wherever survey areas are irregular in size and shape.

What is the "lot and block" survey system?

Method in USA/Canada to locate/identify land especially in densely populated metropolitan areas, it shows: 1.) The property 2.) The block in which the property is located 3.) Reference to the platted subdivision 4.) Reference to the cited plat map (land plan) 5.) Where the map is located in official documents Example: Lot 5 of Block 2 of the South Subdivision plat as recorded in Map Book 21, page 22 of the Recorder of Deeds

According to A201-2007, the architect may authorize minor changes as per section 7.4:

Minor changes DO NOT INVOLVE adjustments in contract sum or contract time. Minor changes are binding by written authority of architect and binding to owner and GC

What are AIA D-Series documents?

Miscellaneous Documents and Industry Standards D101-1995, Methods of Calculating Areas and Volumes of Buildings D200-1995, Project Checklist D503-2013, Guide for Sustainable Projects, including Commentary on the AIA Sustainable Projects Documents

What is "rough grading?"

Moving of the soil prior to construction to approximate levels of the final grading

According to A201-2007 Section 1.2.2, does how the specifications are organize affect how the GC divides the work among the subs?

NO

According to A201-2007, Does a certificate for payment, a progress payment or a partial/entire use or occupancy by the owner constitute acceptance of work according to the Contract documents?

NO

According to A201-2007, are shop drawings, product data and samples part of the contract documents?

NO

According to A201-2007, can the GC begin work before the date the insurance becomes effective?

NO

According to A201-2007, do any changes in the work approved by the architect and/or owner relieve him of any responsibilities for error in the GC's work?

NO

According to A201-2007, if the claim is against the GC, is the owner obligated to notify the surety?

NO

According to A201-2007, is the GC responsible for damage to the project or materials that are not caused by him?

NO

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, can an architect be made liable for a decision made in good faith?

NO

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, when the owner ends the contract to the architect or after the project, the owner decides to the use the instruments of service, is the architect liable for any errors/issues then?

NO

Are FF&E considered a basic service to architects?

NO

Can special doors (revolving, sliding, overhead) be used as egress?

NO

In a stipulated sum (A.K.A. Fixed Price Contract), if the agreed to amount is $5,000, and the construction cost ends up being $4,000, does the owner get a refund of $1,000?

NO

According to C401-2007, can the architect or the consultant sign C401-2007 without the written consent of the other party?

NO (Section 10.3)

When the IBC looks at a 36 inch door for width, is the clear width used?

NO, a 36 inch door will only have a clear width of 32", and 32 is used.

According to A201-2007, does the architect's approval of a shop drawing, product data or samples relieve the GC of his responsibility?

NO, the GC still has responsibilities under: 1.) Section 3.3: GC has control of means, methods, and techniques in construction and coordinating all portions of the work. 2.) Section 3.5: GC guarantees that his work are in good condition 3.) Section 3.12: The GC has reviewed the documents he is sending the architect BEFORE he sends them to the architect. The architect's approval DOES NOT show that he approves of safety precautions of construction means, methods, techniques, sequences and procedures.

Does the occupant load affect the occupancy group?

NO, the occupancy group does not effect the occupant load either.

According to C401-2007, who is responsible for the discovery, presence, handling or removal of toxic materials on site?

NOT the architect nor the consultant,unless stated otherwise in C401-2007 (Section 10.5)

What is another name for net area?

Net assignable area

What is gross area?

Net usable area / net to gross area ratio Gross area: TOTAL Area of everywhere (counted from exterior walls in) Net: Total area of only usable space (counted from finish of interior walls in)

PUD (Planned Unit Development)

New development, it is an attempt to reinforce diversity and mixture, each large parcel of land can have a mixture of uses: residential, commercial, recreational and open spaces designed with various lot sizes/densities Characteristics: 1.) Large development 2.) Mixed use 3.) Phased development over long period of time Advantages: 1.) Efficient land use by grouping similar programs 2.) Lots of common space/open land 3.) Variety of housing options 4.) Recapture the diversity of urban living

According to C401-2007, when additional services are needed, does it invalidate C401-2007?

No, and other cannot proceed with the additional service until the architect approve in writing. The consultant is to be paid unless the additional service is the result of a consultant's error (Section 4.1)

According to A201-2007, is it the GC's job to verify that the contract documents are to code? What happens if he discovers that they are not?

No, it is the architects job to verify that documents are to code, if the GC discovers that the documents are not to code, he is to notify the Architect with a RFI

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, does the "cost of the work" include architect fees?

No, land cost, right of way costs, financing, and contingencies ARE NOT INCLUDED TOO.

According to A201-2007, can the decision of the arbitration be contested?

No, the decision is FINAL (Section 15.4.2)

During the programming phase, can one use "value engineering" to cut down cost?

No, value engineering is only used in CD phase. Cost can be reduced by cutting down building area and quality (because in the programming phase, nothing is set in stone)

What material contains the MOST embodied energy? 1.)Steel 2.)Douglas fir 3.)Granite 4.)Aluminum 5.)Bamboo

Of all the standard building materials, aluminum has the most embodied energy (the sum of energy used to create it). It takes about 155 MJ of energy to create 1 kilogram of aluminum. For comparison, Stainless steel is around 57 MJ/kg and Steel is around 20 MJ/kg.

In rainwater harvesting, where does the water come from? Select all that apply. 1.)Local rivers or streams 2.)Yard 3.)Roof 4.)Storm sewers

Of the below listed items, rainwater can be harvested from a roof or yard. In order to be considered harvested, rainwater must be captured before it leaves the site, not after. It is most common for rainwater to be harvested from roofs where it can be diverted directly to cisterns or rain barrels via gutters and downspouts. But it can also be harvested from the yard by using rain barrels that can catch rainwater. Alternatively, swales can be used to capture and divert rainwater that falls onto a yard towards an infiltration system or cistern where it can be filtered.

What particle size classifies gravel? 1.)Particles under 0.002 mm in diameter 2.)Particles from 0.002 mm to 0.005 mm in diameter 3.)Particles from 0.005 mm to 2 mm in diameter 4.)Particles over 2 mm in diameter

Of the four major soil types, gravel has the highest particle size. Clay: particles less than .002 mm in diameter. Expands when wet and subject to slippage. Bad for foundations, landscaping and drainage. Silt: particles between 0.002-0.05 mm in diameter. Stable when dry/damp but unstable when wet. BAD for foundations. Swells/heaves when frozen and compresses under load. Sands: particles between .05-2 mm in diameter Gravel: particles over 2 mm in diameter. Excellent for construction loads and drainage, bad for landscaping. Peat is the best for landscaping but bad for foundations.

What is "densification?" (soil treatment type)

On site compaction of soil with vibration, heavy weights, pounding piles, etc

According to A201-2007, who agrees to a minor change?

Only an architect is needed

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, if the owner acquires the instrument of service from the architect in a legal manner, can the owner transfer this license to another person?

Only with the written approval of the architect

Design Award Building (Standard Construction Method)

Order 1.) Owner 2.) Prelim design (arch) 3.) Schematic design (arch) 4.) CD (arch) 5.) BID (arch) 6.) GC Awarded 7.) Subs suggested by GC 8.) Construction cost determined 9.) CA (arch) 10.) Finish Facts: 1.) CA begins with the architect as the owner's agent 2.) Construction cost cannot be accurately determined until GC brought in 3.) GC cost knowledge and experience not available in the early phases

According to A201-2007, Who indemnifies the GC when a Government agency holds the GC liable for cost of fixing something that arose from the GC following the Contract document?

Owner

According to A201-2007, communication by and to the separate contractors/parties involved are through who?

Owner

According to A201-2007, if the GC fails to notify the architect when conditions don't match what is shown in the contract documents or when he discovers that the contract documents are not to code but does not notify the architect and damages are incurred, who does he pay for these damages?

Owner

According to A201-2007, if the all risk property insurance requires deductibles, who pays for the costs NOT COVERED because of such deductibles?

Owner

According to A201-2007, who pays for necessary approvals, easements, assessments, charges for construction, the use and occupancy of a structure?

Owner

According to A201-2007, who's approval does the GC need before he can change the superintendent?

Owner

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, who pays for the insurance that the owner requests the architect to buy when they exceed the normal requirements?

Owner

Whose job is it to determine the time limits for construction?

Owner

In design bid build (regardless if single or multiple prime), who carries the "Spearin Gap Risk?"

Owner 100%

According to A201-2007, who agrees to a Construction Change Directive?

Owner and Architect, this is done when there is not a complete agreement between the owner, GC and architect. This CAN AFFECT the contract sum and or time.

According to A201-2007, what can the owner to prevent liens and other claims when the architect withholds the certificate of payment?

Owner can pay the subs himself and later the amount will be reflected in the approved certificate of payment.

What is the "cost plus fee method?"

Owner pays the actual cost of construction (direct and indirect cost) plus a pre-agreed to fee. This allow construction to begin before design is done. The disadvantage is that the final cost is not easily known. This is used when the owner wants to select a specific GC.

According to A201-2007, what happens before the owner actually makes the move to occupy a space at substantial completion?

Owner, GC and architect will jointly inspect the work to be occupied.

According to A201-2007, who agrees to a change order?

Owner, GC, Architect

According to A201-2007, who can stop work?

Owner, if the GC repeatedly fails to do the work in accordance with the Contract Documents as per According to A101-2007 section 12.2

Who pays for the performance bond?

Owner, price is usually included in the construction price

According to A201-2007, who selects the materials/equipments that are under an allowance and within how many days?

Owner, with reasonable promptness.

According to A201-2007, when shall the Certificates of Insurance be filed with the owner? What is contained in this certificate?

PRIOR to start of work. An additional certificate showing continuation of liability coverage shall be submitted with the final application for payment. It contain: 1.) Coverage cannot be cancelled or expire without a 30 day prior written notice to owner 2.) Additional certificate showing continuation of liability insurance, including coverage for completed operations These 2 items are submitted with the final Application for Payment AND everytime the insurance is renewed. (Section 11.1.3)

What are "off street requirements?"

Parking spaces within property lines as required by a city ordinance and often expressed as parking spaces per dwelling unit/commercial space.

According to A201-2007, during arbitration, if party A side decides to bring in another party that is involved in "a common question of law or fact," what does the party A do?

Party A needs to ask the new party for a written consent to be involved in the arbitration.

What is good for slopes of 1.5-5% ?

Paved parking, walking approaches to building

Which of the following is excellent for use in landscaping but unsuitable for building foundations and road bases? 1.)Clay 2.)Gravels 3.)Sands 4.)Peat

Peat and other organic materials are excellent for landscaping but unsuitable for building foundations and road bases. Usually, these soils must be removed from the site and replaced with sands and gravels for foundations and roads.

What type of planning concept is shown by Philadelphia

Penn's concept used a system of grids

Design concepts

Physical Solution to the client's problems and which reflect approaches to satisfying programmatic concepts

What is a variation and extension of the superblock concept?

Planned Unit Development, in this type, each large parcel of land can have a mix of uses with various sizes and densities. They include things such as permitted uses, total floor area, amount of open space needed, heights and setback limits.

The document that legally describes the layout of a subdivided piece of land is: 1.) Survey 2.) Master plan 3.) Plat 4.) Deed

Plat: Legal definition of the layout for a subdivided piece of land. It includes new streets, easements, setbacks, other special uses and a statement by the owner depicting any parts of the site reserved for public usage.

What is an example of an exit discharge?

Portion of the means of egress between the exit termination and the public way such as a street, alley, parking lot or similar open area. A proper means of egress allows unobstructed travel at all times. It is the portion of the means of egress between the building exterior and the ground level. Example: exit balconies, exit courts, exterior stairway

What is an example of an exit access?

Portion of the means of egress that leads to an exit, such as aisles, room, spaces, corridors, hallways.

What is an example of an exit?

Portion of the means of egress that provides a protected and fully enclosed path of egress, from all interior spaces, between the exit access and exit discharge. Example: door, exit stair enclosure, exit passageway, horizontal exits. They need to have a 1-2 hour rating.

What is true about preservation? 1.)Allows the opportunity to recreate a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object in new materials 2.)Attempts to retain all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance, and repair 3.)Emphasizes the retention and repair of historic materials, but gives more latitude to replacement because it assumes the property is in disrepair 4.)Focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history while permitting the removal of materials from other periods

Preservation "places a high premium on the retention of all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance and repair." All materials added to a building over its life are retained and only work which is necessary to protect it from deterioration is carried out.

When are addendas issued and up til how many days before the the receipt of bids?

Prior to the contract execution, they can be distributed up to 4-5 days before the receipt of bids.

What are the pro and con of using a construction manager?

Pro: 1.) Early constructability notice 2.) Early cost estimates/value analysis 3.) Project scheduling 4.) Professional management of multiple contracts or fast track 5.) Accurate pricing estimate and completion estimate Con: 1.) Extra cost 2.) More complicated

What are the pro and con of the Design-Build approach?

Pro: 1.) Single source of responsibility (1 contract for design and construction) 2.) Early fixed price 3.) Reduced overall time 4.) Less chance of cost/time overrun Con: 1.) Owner has little design input 2.) Because design is after the signing of the contract, there can be disagreements as to what is included in the design 3.) Design-builder has complete control over quality of materials and methods. 4.) Client needs a set of performance requirements (sometimes an architect will be hired for this)

According to C401-2007, how does the consultant notify the architect when he sees an error?

Prompt written notice (Section 2.6)

Property used to it greatest potential is said to be ____________. 1.)Under-developed 2.)Sustainability-developed 3.)Well-developed 4.)Over-developed

Property used to it's greatest potential is considered "well-developed".

What is the purpose of building codes?

Protect the health, safety and welfare of the public as they relate to the construction and occupancy of buildings and structures. This also relates to building capacity.

According to B141, what are the owner's responsibilities?

Provide: 1.) Program 2.) Schedule 3.) Budget 4.) All necessary tests/reports (land surveys, geotechnical tests, etc) 5.) All insurance/legal/accounting needs

What type of planning concept is shown by Paris?

Radial pattern

What is good for slopes of 5-8.3% ?

Ramps

What is reconstruction?

Re-creates vanished or non-surviving portions of a property for interpretive purposes. Order of most to least historically accurate: Preservation, Rehabilitation, Restoration, Reconstruction.

What is "abatement?"

Reduction in the price of a property due to the discovery of some issue.

Improvements

Refers to an structure on a parcel of land which has value and improves the parcel's value.

What happens here and how long does it last: Design Development

Refinement from Schematic design, more detail, prelim. specs, and detailed cost budget 2-4 Months

According to A201-2007, what should the GC do when he discovers a previously unknown hazardous material?

Report in writing to Owner and Architect, then the owner needs to submit to the GC and architect a list of people he wants to test the hazardous item. When the hazard is rendered harmless, the work shall continue upon written agreement of the Owner and GC. Any changes in contract sum or time due to this issue shall be adjusted.

What is good for slopes of 0-10% ?

Roads

Prior to starting schematic design work for the remodeling of a lease space, which are the LEAST important to document? 1.) Electrical/phone outlet locations 2.) Bearing wall location 3.) Entry door conditions 4.) Ceiling conditions

Schematic design REQUIRES good information on existing services such as phone/power outlet locations, the location of walls for space planning, and how the ceiling is. The entry door is cosmetic and is not critical for preliminary space planning and schematic design.

According to A201-2007, if the owner insures property with an insurance SEPARATE from those insuring the project or if after final payment property insurance is to be provided on the completed project through a policy other than those insuring the project during construction, what does the owner do?

Section 11.3.5 states Owner waives ALL rights in accordance for damages by fire or causes of loss covered by the separate property insurance. All separate insurances shall provide this waiver of subrogation by endorsement or otherwise. Owner waives all rights per section 11.3.7: Owner and GC waive all rights against: 1.) each other and their employees 2.) architect, their subs and employees For damages caused by fire or other losses to the extent covered by the property insurance or other property insurance applicable to the work. The owner or GC shall require of the architect/architect consultant and subs a written waiver each in favor of the other party. A waiver of subrogation shall be effective as to a person or entity even though that person would otherwise have a duty of indemnification, did not pay the insurance premium, and whether or not the person had an insurable interest in the property that was damaged. (Section 11.3.7)

According to A201-2007, if an involved party, upon the occurance of an insured loss, requires of the owner in writing to give bond (a promise that owner will pay) for proper performance of the owner's duty, the cost of the bonds shall be charged against what the owner received as proceeds (money received from insurance due to the insured loss). This proceeds need to go into a separate account, if after such loss no other special agreement is made and unless the owner terminates the contract for convenience, replacement or damaged property shall be performed by the GC after a notification of a change of work in accordance to article 7 which states: (This is section 11.3.9)

Section 7 is in regards to Changes in the work:

According to A201-2007, the architect serves as a IDM for what conditions?

Section: 10.3: Hazardous Materials Section 10.4: Emergencies Section 11.3.9:According to A201-2007, if an involved party, upon the occurance of an insured loss, requires of the owner in writing to give bond for proper performance of the owner's duty, the cost of the bonds shall be charged against what the owner received as proceeds. This proceeds need to go into a separate account, if after such loss no other special agreement is made and unless the owner terminates the contract for convenience, replacement or damaged property shall be performed by the GC after a notification of a change of work in accordance to article 7 which states: Section 11.3.10:Within 5 days of the date of loss make an objection. If such a dispute is raised, the final issue will be solved by a manner agreed to by the GC and owner. If the selection manner is arbitration , the owner as fiduciary shall make settlements with insurers, or in the case of dispute over distribution of insurance proceeds, in accordance with the instructions of the arbitrators. (Section 11.3.10)

What are "septic drain fields?"

Septic drain fields, also called leach fields or leach drains, are subsurface wastewater disposal facilities used to remove contaminants and impurities from the liquid that emerges after anaerobic digestion in a septic tank.

When new services are installed, between sewers and electrical/communication lines, which takes precedence?

Sewers take precedence because they are gravity powered and must follow the slope of the land.

Bioswale/Swale

Shallow, elongated grass lined ditches or channels that is moist/marshy, designed to detain storm runoff and remove sediments while allowing water to seep into the ground

What is a bridge loan?

Short term loan used to close quickly on a property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long term loan

What is a hard money loan?

Short term loan used where there is a distressed financial situation, the amount of the loan is based on the quick sale value of an asset.

What is NFPA 265?

Similar to ASTM E-84 (The "Steiner Test," it rates the surface burning characteristics of interior finishes and other materials. IT MEASURES FLAME SPREAD RATINGS (Cement board is 0 and red oak is 100)) but is measured in the "corner of the space"

What characterizes a Roman town?

Similar to Greek but based on two main streets: Cardo and Decananus, which intersected the city center. The central area (Fora) had grand buildings rather than a market. They had 3 principles: Symmetry, axial connections and hierarchy of center to accessory objects. Roman cities introduced curves to the Greek grid.

What is a hard money loan?

Similar to bridge loan (Short term loan used to close quickly on a property or to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long term loan) and is based on the value of the property against which the loan is made.

What is in typical civil engineering work?

Site grading, and drainage.

Select 3 of the listed sites below that should be studied and tested for the presence of hazardous materials. 1.)Landfills 2.)Greenfields 3.)Sites w/ underground storage tanks 4.)Previously developed slab-on-grade residences 5.)Gas stations

Sites that currently or previously were home to chemical plants, power plants, gas stations, landfills, or sites with underground storage tanks should be tested for hazardous materials.

What do the solid and dashed lines represent on a topo?

Solid: Proposed modifications Dashed: Existing topo

For an earth sheltered building, what side facade should be exposed?

South

What is sociofugal?

Spaces, buildings, rooms that discourage human interaction.

What is sociopetal?

Spaces, buildings, rooms that facilitate human interaction.

What is the difference between "variance" and "spot zoning?"

Spot zoning is a change in zone for one particular property, and usually there's a good reason why the property gets to be zoned differently than its immediate surroundings. maybe they need the parcel to be a buffer? either way, everything within the property lines now legally follows different zone regulations than the rest of the block. Variance is granted to an owner, after he applies for it, to not follow one piece of code or restriction because of unduly hardship, he's not asking for a completely different zone, he just can't comply with one piece of code. for instance, because of code or law he HAS to have more parking spots that can fit (physical hardship), or, code requires installation of a system (ADA elevator maybe) that would end up being a large cost of percentage of the project (financial hardship)

Amortization

Spreading Payments over multiple periods

For cool or cold temperatures, what shape of building is best?

Square or cubic is best because skin area is minimized in both types of load dominated buildings, for the same floor area, a 2 story house is better than a 1 story.

For hot/arid temperatures, what shape of building is best?

Square shape but: 1.) External load dominated buildings should have a courtyard. 2.) Internal Load dominated buildings should have be multistory buildings.

What are the straight sections of roads called? 1.)Meridians 2.)Nodes 3.)Segments 4.)Tangents

Straight sections of roads are referred to as tangents

Depending on weather conditions and design speeds, streets should not have more than a(n) ___ grade. 1.)5% 2.)10% 3.)20% 4.)35%

Streets should not have more than a 10% grade.

What is a "behavior setting?"

Studies the effects of the environment on human activity, example: The activity dictates the behavior, a weekly board of associates meetings in a conference room. The activity of the meeting follows a procedure, it occurs in the same place, and the room is arranged to assist in that activity.

According to A201-2007, what are the "instruments of service?"

Studies, surveys, models, sketches, drawings, specs and others.

What is "subrogation?"

Subrogation is the right for an insurer to pursue a third party that caused an insurance loss to the insured. This is done as a means of recovering the amount of the claim paid to the insured for the loss.

What is the "Gross Building area?"

Sum of all building areas, measured to the exterior face of the perimeter walls, including interior walls, columns and shafts.

What is the Net Square Feet/Net Area/Net Assignable Area?

Sum of all usable floor space measured to the inside faces of enclosing walls or to the lines of other space partitions. IT DOES NOT INCLUDE CIRCULATION AND GENERAL SERVICE LOCATIONS.

According to A201-2007, the contract documents state that: 1.) Allowances cover all of the cost the GC spent on materials/taxes, minus any trade discounts 2.) Contract sum (NOT THE ALLOWANCE) includes unloading/loading at site, installation costs, overhead, profit and other expenses. 3.) When costs are more/less than allowance, a change order will be issue to adjust the contract sum.

TRUE

True or false? Nonconforming zoning issues are allowed to continue unless they are unsafe, or if the owner decides to stop using the property in it's original fashion when it was first approved, or if it was burned down. Then any new building or new usage must meet all current codes.

TRUE

What is a general obligation tax?

Taxes that are used to finance the acquisition/construction of a specific public facility and to purchase property that does not collect revenue. Example: School, museum, library.

What is ASTM E-84?

The "Steiner Test," it rates the surface burning characteristics of interior finishes and other materials. IT MEASURES FLAME SPREAD RATINGS (Cement board is 0 and red oak is 100) In the flame spread ratings, Class A is the most fire resistant and Class C is the worst.

What are the 4 primary classifications of soil type? 1.)Clay 2.)Gravel 3.)Loam 4.)Pebbles 5.)Sands 6.)Silt 7.)Bedrock 8.)Peat

The 4 primary types of soils are: Clay Gravel Sands Silt

Which organization would most likely provide financial incentive for the remediation of a brownfield site? 1.)ASHRAE 2.)EPA 3.)ASTM 4.)ICC 5.)ANSI 6.)LEED

The EPA provides grants for brownfield site remediation.

According to A201-2007, what happens when the GC covers a portion of work that the architect requested (or is stated in the Contract Documents) to be examined?

The GC is required to uncover the area AT HIS OWN COST

According to A201-2007, if contract documents require certain testing to be done, who pays for it? In what conditions does the other party pay for it?

The GC pays for testing that is specified in the contract document. If the test is not specified, not mentioned until after bidding or when laws prevent the GC from paying, the owner foots the bill. However, if in these tests, it reveals work that was not done according to the Contract documents, the GC pays instead.

According to A201-2007, required certificates of testing (unless otherwise required by the Contract documents) shall be obtained by who?

The GC then given to the architect

What type of planning concept is shown by Washington DC?

The L'Enfant Plan, shows an axis system featuring a main wide East/West axis. It had large circular urban center with small points emanating from the center. It was a baroque style.

An Architect contracts with a Structural Engineer to provide structural engineering services for a project. Who is responsible to the Owner for the adequacy of the structural system? 1.)The Structural Engineer 2.)The Architect 3.)The Architect & the Structural Engineer 4.)The building department that approves the plans

The Structural Engineer is typically only contracted, as a consultant, to the Architect. The Architect is responsible to the Owner for the adequacy of the structural system. This extends beyond just the structural engineer and applies to all consultants of the Architect.

According to A201-2007, if it is later discovered that the GC made a mistake on a work, and the application for payment for that portion of the work has already been approved, what can the architect do?

The architect can nullify part or whole of a previously issued Certificate of Payment.

For prospective bidders, where can they obtain the bid documents and what are included in these?

The architect's office. They include: 1.) Drawings 2.) Specs 3.) Bid docs. A.Invitation to bid B. Bid instructions C. Supplemental instructions D. Bid security (usually 5% of the estimated construction cost or the bid price )and bonds 4.) Bid forms 5.) Conditions (General and Supplementary) 6.) Modifications (if any) A deposit is required from the prospective bidder and usually returned when the documents are returned to the architect within 10 days after the receipt of bids.

According to A201-2007, the GC has a responsibility to notify the architect in writing about deviations in the shop drawings, product data or sample; if in the event the architect approves one of these items without the GC telling him that there was changes, the architects approval ONLY APPLY TO WHAT?

The changes the architect requested before or was notified about, an architects approval of these documents DO NOT RELEASE THE GC of his responsibility

According to A201-2007, what is "work?"

The construction and services required by the Contract Documents.

According to C401-2007, who does the architect need to consult before he gives interpretations or clarifications on an area of work in which a consultant is involved?

The consultant (Section 5.4)

According to AIA Document C141, Standard form of agreement between architect and consultant, who is responsible for the consultant's code compliance in their own respective field?

The consultant is.

What is a valley?

The contour point toward the higher elevation.

What is a ridge?

The contour point toward the lower elevation.

According to A201-2007, if an event arises that causes the GC to not be able to finish the project on time, through no fault of the GC, what happens?

The contract time is extended pending what architect approves of.

Which of the following statements about substantial completion is NOT true? 1.)It is the contractor's responsibility to consider when a project is substantially complete. 2.)When a project is considered substantially complete, the contractor prepares the punchlist of items to be completed or corrected. 3.)If items are not included on the punchlist, the contractor is still required to comply with the contract documents. 4.)The contractor is entitled to final payment when the project is substantially complete.

The contractor is not entitled to final payment until they have issued a final application for payment to the Architect and the Architect has made their final inspection. Once the Architect deems that the contract documents have been fully performed the architect will issue a final Certificate for Payment. The other items are true and can be found within Section 9.8.2 of AIA A201, When the Contractor considers that the Work, or a portion thereof which the Owner agrees to accept separately, is substantially complete, the Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Architect a comprehensive list of items to be completed or corrected prior to final payment. Failure to include an item on such list does not alter the responsibility of the Contractor to complete all Work in accordance with the Contract Documents.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the superblock? 1.)Enclosed by a series of pedestrian pathways 2.)Encourages pedestrian circulation and park development within the block 3.)Limited vehicular access 4.)Outgrowth of the new town concept

The correct answer is "Enclosed by a series of pedestrian pathways" because superclocks are enclosed by streets, not pedestrian pathways. The idea of superblocks originated from the new town concept. It encompasses multiple standard blocks into one unified area. The inside of the superblock features pedestrian pathways that connect residences and other used together. Vehicular access is limited. Examples include: Radburn, NJ by Henry Wright, Chandingarh, India by Le Corbusier and Brasilia by Niemeyer.

Sort the basic road categories in order of lowest capacity (top) to greatest capacity (bottom). Local street Collector street Arterial street Expressway

The correct order is: LCAE Local street (LA BALLEN) Collector street (AVENIDA AMADIS) Arterial Street (LEMON, VALLEY) Expressway (60 Freeway) Local streets carry low (local) traffic flows and accommodate pedestrian use. Cul-de-sacs and loops are types of local streets. Collector streets connect arterial streets to local streets. Arterial streets connect expressways together. Traffic and pedestrian flow is controlled using traffic signals. Expressways allow fast, typically unimpeded, movement of vehicles but have limited access points.

Place the following sitework activities in the order in which they occur (from first at top, to last and bottom) -Site clearing -Remove topsoil -Rough grading -Finish grading

The correct order is: site clearing, remove topsoil, rough grading, finish grading. Site clearing is removing any vegetative cover; topsoil is removed so it can be replaced later; rough grading gives rough elevations during construction. Finish grading is the last step to get the final elevations.

According to A101-2007, the contract time is measured from when?

The date of commencement (The date of the signing of A101-2007 UNLESS otherwise noted elsewhere.)

According to A101-2007, which date is the "date of commencement?"

The date of the signing of A101-2007 UNLESS otherwise noted elsewhere.

According to A201-2007, the architect acts as the owner's representative until when?

The date the architect issues the final certificate for payment

What is "spot zoning?"

The designation of a parcel of land for a usage different than that of the surrounding area, it favors a particular owner

What is spalling?

The deterioration of concrete or masonry caused by excessive moisture, IT IS UNLIKELY TO CAUSE WALL FAILURE

An architect gets a call from a developer who states they have land ready for an R4 project. What is the developer most likely referring to? 1.)The R4 Act which provides grants for high-density, low-income residential use 2.)A government institution 3.)An R4 fire-class building 4.)A rain water harvesting plant 5.)A project zoned for residential

The developer is most likely referring to the zoning of the project for residential use.

What is the "Spearin Gap Risk?"

The difference between the defect free documents and the professional standard of care (done by architect that is consistent with the professional care and skill that is expected in the same locality and circumstance).

What is the "exit access travel distance?"

The distance a occupant must travel from the most remote point of the occupied portion to the entrance of the nearest exit.

For temperate temperatures, what shape of building is best?

The effect is less here, but a long E-W building is best for winter solar gain, daylighting and minimizing summer heat gain.

What is float?

The float is the difference in time duration between the critical path and other paths, therefore it is a measure of extra time for a given activity. When all the float is added up, it creates the "total float"

Select the four major parts that a project manual is divided into. 1.)Addenda 2.)Bidding requirements 3.)Construction documents 4.)Contracts 5.)Supplementary conditions 6.)Technical specifications

The four major parts of a project manual are: 1.)bidding requirements 2.)contracts 3.)general and supplementary conditions 4.)specifications

What type of planning concept is shown by Letchworth, UK?

The garden city movement

What type of planning concept is shown by London?

The garden city movement

What is the "garden city concept"

The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.

What type of planning concept is shown by Welwyn Garden City?

The garden city movement: The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.

According to A201-2007, the architect reviews the shop drawings, product data and samples for what?

The limited purpose of checking the conformance with the contract documents. The action of the architect will be taken in accordance with the submittal schedule approved by the architect. The review of the shop drawings, product data and samples ARE NOT FOR THE PURPOSE of determining accuracy and completeness of dimensions, and quantities or installation and performance requirements which ALL REMAIN THE GC'S RESPONSIBILITY.

What type of compensation should the architect request if he wants to be paid for all services done?

The multiple of direct personnel expense includes the salary of people working on the job and their benefits, plus overhead and profit. Each hour spent includes a margin of profit.

What is an occupant load?

The number of people that a building code assumes will occupy a building

What is "assessment?"

The official valuation of land for the purpose of levying a tax.

According to A201-2007, what happens when professional design services or certification by a design professional are required by the Contract documents that the GC should provide?

The owner and architect will specify all performance and design criteria that the GC needs to follow. The architect will then review the documents FOR THE LIMITED PURPOSE OF CHECKING FOR CONFORMANCE WITH INFO GIVEN AND THE DESIGN INTENT EXPRESSED IN THE CONTRACT DOCS. (Section 3.12.10)

According to A201-2007, who can stop the work and how?

The owner can, in writing. If the stop affects the contract sum or time, no adjustment shall be made to the extent: 1.) That performance would have to be suspended by another cause of which the GC is responsible for 2.) That an equitable adjustment is made/denied under another provision of the contract. (Section 14.3.2)

What is "Development Rights Transfer?"

The owner of a historic property may "sell" the development rights to the owner nearby allowing the neighbor to develop at a higher rate of density

According to A201-2007, what happens if the GC requests of the owner to buy insurance that is NOT INCLUDED in the property insurance?

The owner shall if possible, include such insurance, and the cost thereof shall be charged to the GC by a change order.

According to A201-2007, what happens when there is a dispute between the owner, and GC as to whose job it is to clean up a mess?

The owner will clean up the mess and the architect will decide who will pay

Which 2 elements contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer? 1.)Oxygen 2.)Iron 3.)Chlorine 4.)Bromine 5.)Helium

The ozone is made up of 3 oxygen atoms O3 . Certain industrial processes and consumer products result in the emission of halogen source gases to the atmosphere. These gases bring chlorine and bromine to the stratosphere, which cause depletion of the ozone layer. The source gases that contain only chlorine, fluorine and carbon are called "chlorofluorocarbons", usually abbreviated as CFC's.

Secondary Work Group

The people who take the raw material collected by the primary group and converts them to usable goods: Construction and factory workers

According to A101-2007, the Application for Payments needs to show what?

The percentage of completion for each portion of work at the end of the current payment period.

What is programming?

The process of seeking problems and defining objectives.

What is design?

The process of solving problems and bringing physical form to it

What is a range?

The row of townships running north and south from a principal meridian, given a number to describe where it is located north and south of a baseline.

According to C401-2007, what dispute resolutions are used in C401-2007?

The same dispute resolutions used in the Prime Agreement (is another name for the architect's agreement with the owner.) (Section 8.1)

According to A201-2007, the GC and the owner cannot sign any documents that relate to the other party without the other party present, UNLESS what?

The signing party has the non-signing party's written consent.

What is "tare?"

The space needed for circulation, walls, MEP, wall thickness and toilets COUNTING FROM INTERIOR WALLS IN. Gross SF is counted from the EXTERIOR WALLS

What is a "base floor area ratio?"

The standards floor area area to which one is compared.

According to A201-2007, what dictates the frequency of submittals?

The submittal schedule (that was approved by the architect). In the absence of one, it will be done with "reasonable promptness"

What is "superinsulation?"

The technique of providing higher levels of insulation than normal, tightly sealing all joints/cracks and preventing any thermal bridging (such as through studs). In many cases, the externals walls are made thicker (so 2X6, and not 2X4)

Reston, Virginia and Radburn, New Jersey are known for what type of plan layout?

The usage of underpasses to allow pedestrian traffic to pass under car traffic. This was to separate the two and is considered a "new town" feature. It was developed by Stein and Olmstead in 1928.

According to A201-2007, when the owner terminates the contract, the GC is not entitled to further pay until when?

The work is done

According to A201-2007, what are the "specifications?"

The written requirement for materials, equipment, systems, standards/workmanship for work and performance

As a general rule, how far apart should same-direction curves in roads be at the very minimum? 1.)50 ft (15 m) 2.)100 ft (30 m) 3.)150 ft (45 m) 4.)200 ft (60 m)

There should generally be 200 feet between curves in the same direction.

What are in the "3rd work group?"

These people manage/serve society and it's industries: professionals, teachers, architects

What is this form of cost estimation? Composite Unit Rates (During CD)

These rates are for construction components, assemblies, and systems, and are required for pre-bid estimates, final cost checks, GC's cost breakdown and used as a basis for verifying the GC's payment requests.

How is a landmark different to a node?

They are both point references but you cannot enter a landmark, examples include a tower, monument, etc.

What is an example of an "indirect gain system?"

They are similar to a "direct gain" system but the thermal mass being used is not direct sunlight but is heated by the air and the reflected sunlight. The mass needs to be 4x of what a "direct" gain system to produce the same amount of energy.

What are public enterprise revenue bonds?

They are used to finance facilities for revenue producing public enterprises, they are paid off from revenue created by the facility through the charges they impose. Example: airport, parking garage, hospitals

During competitive bidding, how does a GC "prequalify?"

They must meet the financial, personnel, experience, size, bonding capacity needed for the project.

According to C401-2007, what needs to be done if the architect or consultants wishes to change their instrument of services?

They need the other party's written permission (Section 7.2)

When is a block diagram best used?

They show the first results of spatial organization that is based on an adjacency diagram. This is used AFTER space planning.

What is a benefit of compensation based on an hourly basis?

This is useful when the project scope is not known, when the scope is finally known, the compensation method should be changed to "stipulated sum fee"

What step in this in Architectural Programming: Stating the problem

This step summarizes the essence of the problem, for form, function, economy and time.

According to A201-2007, when the GC accepts final payment, he is waiving his right to claims except from what?

Those claims previously made in writing and identified by the GC as unsettled at the time of final payment

According to C401-2007, how does the consultant and owner communicate?

Through the architect

According to A201-2007, how does the GC give the owner his list of proposed subs?

Through the architect, after that the owner and architect will have 14 days to review whether he approves of the sub or not.

What is conductivity?

Time rate of the flow of heat through a material.

A site has a slope of 2%. At 113 feet (measured horizontally) downhill from the peak elevation of 150, what will the elevation be? ( Answer to the nearest hundredth. Ex. 365.70 )

To figure out this answer you first need to translate 2% slope into a rise/run fraction. 2% slope = 2/100 = 1/50 so the site slopes 1 foot in elevation every 50 feet. Now that we've translated the slope into rise/run we can set up a proportion to solve for a missing variable. (Here's a full article I wrote on proportions) The missing variable will calculate what the change in slope is over the distance specified (113 feet) so... site rise/site run = question rise/question run We know all of the above variables except for "question rise". Because it's a vertical distance I'll use the variable Z 1/50 = z/113 (113*1)/50 = z z = 2.26 feet This is the change is slope over 113 feet. The question specifies that our slope is DOWNhill from a peak elevation of 150 feet. This means that we need to subtract our elevation change from 150. 150-2.26 = 147.74

What is "drainage" (soil treatment type)?

To increase the strength of the soil and reduce hydrostatic pressure. It will increase the soil bearing capacity.

When is a bubble diagram best used?

To show relationships of spaces/etc PRIOR to space planning.

A project site has 50,000 s.f. of land area and 10,000 s.f. of gross building floor area. The zoning ordinance has a required ratio of 3 s.f. of parking area to 1 s.f. of gross building area. How many parking spaces are required at 400 s.f./car? (Answer numerically without units EX: 12)

To solve this problem we must first calculate the total parking area required. The question states that: 3 s.f. of parking area / 1 square foot of gross building area. So in our case ((3 s.f. parking)*X)/(1 s.f. gross building area)*(10,000 s.f. gross building area) If we solve for X we get 30,000 sq. ft. of parking area required. The question states that each parking space is 400 s.f. so we can divide the total required area by the space per car to determine the parking count. 30,000 s.f. / 400 s.f. = 75 The answer is 75. The project land area of 50,000 s.f. is not required to answer the question.

What do albedo and conductivity affect? 1.)Nanoclimate 2.)Global climate 3.)Microclimate 4.)Macroclimate

Together, albedo and conductivity affect a site's microclimate. Albedo is the amount of radiation absorbed or reflected by a surface material. Conductivity is the rate of heat flow through a material. Surfaces on a site, such as grass, with high conductivity and low albedo moderate and stabilize the microclimate because extra heat is absorbed, stored, and then released when the temperature drops. Surfaces with low conductivity and high albedo reflect heat making a microclimate hotter than what would be typical for it's macroclimate.

What modern city planning concept did Tony Garnier introduce? 1.)Greenspace 2.)Suburban housing 3.)Townships 4.)Zoning

Tony Garnier introduced zoning through his 1917 book Cite Industrielle. It was a response and solution to the problems created from the industrial revolution.

What characterizes a Renaissance town?

Took Greek (Public building as center) and Roman (classical form of Symmetry, axial connections and hierarchy of center to accessory objects.). The center often had a primary building/market and there was focus on "harmony"

Risk Management

Tool to limit exposure to liability (such as quality control)

Traditionally, what phase of a project requires most of the architect's time? 1.)Design development 2.)Construction documents 3.)Schematic design 4.)Construction administration

Traditionally, the Construction Document phase takes up the largest chunk of time for the Architect. This phase accounts for around 40% of the overall time spent designing a project. However with BIM becoming popularized throughout the industry, this percentage is starting to be spread to earlier phases.

According to A201-2007, the architect will interpret and decide matters concerning performance and Contract documents, T OR F?

True

According to A201-2007, the schedule of values is used only for a Stipulated Sum or a GMP project?

True

According to A201-2007, either party within 30 days of IDM's decision, demand in writing that the other party file for mediation within 60 days of the initial decision. If the receiving party failed for mediation within the 60 days, then both parties waive their rights to mediate or pursue binding dispute resolution with respect to the initial decision. T or F?

True (Section 15.2.6.1)

What building types are considered to be "noncombustible?"

Type I and Type II

What modern day city has a constellation pattern?

US Midwest cities Constellation of smaller urban development, each with it's own central core all located around a small or same size main central core. Outer cores are connected by a road or belt. (This differs from the satellite because the satellite has a large center core but the constellation has all the cores the same size)

What is the name for secondary spaces not included in the "net area?"

Unassigned areas

What are the fire ratings for exit stairways for buildings under 4 floors and those over 4 floor?

Under 4 floors: Wall of 60mins, door of 60 mins Over 4 floors: Wall of 90 min, door of 120 mins.

The owner is responsible for furnishing what to the architect?

Under Article B141 Section 2.2, the owner gives: 1.) Program 2.) Owner's objective, schedule, space needs and relationships 3.) In article 2.8: client and architect can list other extra paid services here

What is "usable area?"

Usable square feet includes the specific area the tenant will occupy in order to do business. For a partial-floor lease, this includes all office space plus any storage or private restrooms. There are no exclusions for columns, recessed entries, or the like, either--column space is fair game in the calculation of total usable square feet. When a tenant occupies a full-floor, the usable square feet amount extends to everything inside the boundaries of the building floor, minus stairwells and elevator shafts. This can include non-usable areas like janitorial closets, or mechanical and electrical rooms. It also encompasses private bathrooms and floor common areas, like kitchenettes, hallways, and reception areas that are specific to that floor's use.

What is a mezzanine loan?

Used by developers during large projects, it is large loan with variable interest rates that shoot up substantially near the time that repayment is due. This loan is based on the gamble that the property will produce enough revenue to repay the loan when the interest rates escalates.

What is a blanket loan?

Used for the purchase of land that a developer intends to subdivide and resell. Generally it includes a clause that releases each subdivided plot from the loan as it is purchased and a portion of the debt is repaid

What is tax increment financing?

Used to buy land, planning and public works improvement to encourage private development and it is based on increased taxes due to increased property value. The tax increment acquired from the increased taxes is used to pay the bond issued to originate the development.

Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Used to evaluate the economic performance of a material or building system over the service life of the material or system. It includes all the costs associated with buying, installing, maintaining and disposing of an item from the time an item is installed through the duration of the LCC phase. All costs during the study period are discounted to convert future costs to their equivalent present values and account for the time value of money.

What is "special district assessment?" (A.K.A. Business Improvement Districts)

Used to finance public space improvement in order to enhance an area's appeal and it's property value (parks, streetscapes, etc). Owners within this district are required to contribute through taxes.

What is a construction loan?

Used to finance the building of a project during construction. Once construction is complete, the loan will be converted to a long term loan, where the lender is repaid monthly.

What is a business improvement district?

Used to fund public spaces improvements which enhances appeal and thus property values.

What is a general obligation bond?

Used to fund specific projects (library, fire station, etc), they are used to encourage private development, although later private development could be a consequence of the new public facilities being constructed.

In which situation might a developer petition for a variance? 1.)The building Owner wants to use the building for a different use 2.)Zoning conditions create undue hardship on the property owner 3.)When a fire station is located in close proximity to the building 4.)For a single-family residence whose unique design would make the building non-compliant with the code

Variances are granted when designing a project to conform to the zoning ordinance would create undue financial hardship on an Owner.

What 3 concepts make up flexibility?

Versatility: Ability to use same space for diff. things Expansilbility: Capacity to grow Convertibility: Ability to change to new uses

What characterizes a Medieval town?

Walled in like Greek and Roman, and often on old Roman ruins. Less grid and rectilinear and often "clustered" around a church. Some were even "star" shaped.

According to C401-2007, how many site visits does the consultant make?

Whatever the frequency that is stated in C401, any more would be extra cost.

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, the architect's services for "Construction Phase Services" start and end when?

When the bid contract is awarded and ends at final certificate of payment.

The exit door DOES NOT need to swing in the direction of travel when:

When the occupancy load is under 50.

During bidding, when are substitutes most likely to be used?

When there are proprietary specs or a very small list of acceptable manufacturers.

According to A201-2007, the GC can terminate work when?

When work has stopped for 30 consecutive days, and GC can use the following reasons: 1.) A court order for stop of work 2.) National emergency/act of government requiring stop of work 3.) Architect has not issued a Certificate of Payment and DID NOT notify the GC the reason to withhold OR if the owner made payments on the Certificate of Payments to the GC 4.) If the owner's work delays the job (for convenience) more than either 120 days, or 100% of days scheduled for construction (whichever is less) 5.) Owner failed to give GC promptly reasonable evidence as per Section 2.2.1 (When GC requests documents to see the financial health of the owner, GC may ask under these conditions: 1.) Owner fails to pay GC 2.) Change in work changes the contract sum 3.) Owner's financial health in question

What is considered the ideal range of temperature and humidity to establish human comfort? 1.)Winter: 50-61°F Summer: 80-85°F Relative Humidity: 40-80% 2.)Winter: 55-65°F Summer: 80-90°F Relative Humidity: 55-95% 3.)Winter: 62-72° Summer: 65-75° Relative Humidity: 30-60% 4.)Winter: 60-70°F Summer: 70-80°F Relative Humidity: 20-50%

While thermal comfort has many different factors that can affect an occupant's perceived comfort level, it is generally accepted that the range of: Winter: 62-72° Summer: 65-75° Relative Humidity: 30-60% is comfortable.

According to A201-2007, how does one modify the Contract?

With a modification

According to A201-2007, the owner has the right to adjust and settle a loss with the insurance company unless one of the party of interest does what?

Within 5 days of the date of loss make an objection. If such a dispute is raised, the final issue will be solved by a manner agreed to by the GC and owner. If the selection manner is arbitration , the owner as fiduciary shall make settlements with insurers, or in the case of dispute over distribution of insurance proceeds, in accordance with the instructions of the arbitrators. (Section 11.3.10)

According to A201-2007, when the owner or GC decides to file a claim, how is the other party notified?

Written notice to other party, architect and IDM (if not the architect). It must be sent within 21 days of the conflict date.

According to C401-2007, the consultant has how much time to respond to disputes and other stuff between the owner and the consultant in regards to the Contract documents?

Written response shall be given with REASONABLE promptness (Section 3.1.4)

According to A101-2007, do unpaid payments collect interest?

YES

According to A201-2007, is there a possibility that because the owner/architect rejected the GC's choice for subs, the final agreed to sub will cause a change in the contract sum or time?

YES

According to AIA Document B101-2007, Standard form of agreement between architect and owner, when the architect attends public presentations/meetings/etc, is this considered an extra service?

YES

In a Guaranteed Max Price, if the agreed to amount is $5,000, and the construction cost ends up being $4,000, does the owner get a refund of $1,000?

YES

According to A201-2007, are the owner's own workers subject to the same obligations and rights as the GC does?

Yes

According to A201-2007, can the application for payment include changes in contract amount that were the result of any work changes, regardless of what they were?

Yes

According to A201-2007, is the owner allowed to hire his own workers at any time?

Yes

In toilets, can the turning space overlap with the required clear floor space for fixtures and with the accessible route?

Yes

Is the "linear organization" concept good for future expansions?

Yes

According to C401-2007, can the architect trust the reliability of the consultant's work?

Yes (Section 5.8)

According to A101-2007, does the final contract sum that the owner agrees to include any alternates?

Yes, (if the owner doesn't agree to any alternates, then NO)

According to A201-2007, does the owner have the right at any time to ask for written evidence from the GC that he paid his subs?

Yes, and the GC has 7 days to give this to owner

According to A201-2007, are the decisions of the architect final and binding?

Yes, but only to regards to aesthetics

According to C401-2007, can the architect and consultant agree to share the cost of marketing for their project?

Yes, if they wish to do so (Section 1.6)

According to A201-2007, can the owner assign the contract to a lender providing construction financing to the project?

Yes, it can be done WITHOUT the GC's consent and the lender has to assume all of the owner's rights and obligations. (Section 13.2.2)

According to C401-2007, can the architect terminate the agreement with the contractor?

Yes, it can be done at any time for convenience and follows all rules the owner has when he terminates his agreement with the architect. The consultant may terminate at any time also. Either party can terminate also when the prime agreement is terminated (Section 9.1-9.2)

For public projects, can one use competitive bidding to get GC?

Yes, it is mandatory.

In a large multi-tenant office building, can the circulation corridor be considered an "egress safezone?"

Yes, the idea is that this area is "safe enough" for you to ride out the threat, as people running up/down stairs are very dangerous

According to A201-2007, can the arbitrations be consolidated?

Yes, this is called a "Joinder" It is allowed provided these conditions: 1.) Arbitration agreement does not forbid it 2.) The arbitrations to be consolidated involve common topics 3.) The arbitrations employ similar procedures and rules

According to C401-2007, can the architect identify a representative authorized to represent him to the consultant?

Yes, this rep. cannot be replaced without the agreement of the consultant. (Section 5.2)

What is an arterial road?

a high-capacity urban road. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to freeways or expressways, and between urban centres at the highest level of service possible. As such, many arteries are limited-access roads, or feature restrictions on private access.

What are "watersheds?"

an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.

What is new urbanism?

an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types. Examples: Seaside, Florida by Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater Zyberk.

What is a "greyfield?"

economically obsolescent, outdated, failing, moribund or underused real estate assets or land.

What is a fiduciary?

involving trust, especially with regard to the relationship between a trustee and a beneficiary (Something that inspires trust)

What is gross square footage?

is calculated from the outside of the exterior walls and is inclusive of all space within minus areas that are open to below. The gross square footage of a building includes elevator shafts, vertical penetrations, equipment areas, ductwork shafts and stairwells, as well as the usable square footage (the areas occupied by or available to tenants). It is determined by measuring from the outside faces of exterior walls, and not accounting for cornices, pilasters or buttresses that extend beyond the wall faces. Areas that have less than a 3-foot clear ceiling height are not included in the calculation. Gross area, in addition to all internal floor space, should also include: attics covered porches excavated basement areas garages inner or outer balconies stairways interstitial space (mechanical floor or walkways) corridors walkways mezzanines penthouses elevator shafts vertical duct shafts

What is net square footage?

is the total square footage of all the rooms/areas on a floor. This includes assignable and non-assignable rooms. Net square feet should be not confused with gross square feet. It is usually used within a room and refers to square footage that can be used or assigned base on inside wall dimensions.

What is a brownfield site?

real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.