Practice Exam B

When forming the vowel /u/ in boot, which muscle MOST LIKELY contracts? A. Orbicularis oris B. Levator labii superioris C. Zygomatic major D. Risorius

A. Orbicularis oris

The center of gravity for a sibilant fricative is expected to be: A. Higher than its skewness. B. Lower than its skewness. C. At the center of the spectrum. D. Off-center in the spectrum.

D. Off-center in the spectrum

B106. Two 150 hertz (Hz) sinusoids with a peak amplitude of 2 are added together. The sinusoids are 180° out ofphase. The resulting sound will be a: A. 150 Hz sinusoid with a peak amplitude of 0.0. B. 150 Hz sinusoid with a peak amplitude of 4.0. C. 300 Hz sinusoid with a peak amplitude of 0.0. D. 300 Hz sinusoid with a peak amplitude of 4.0.

A. 150 Hz sinusoid with a peak amplitude of 0.0.

Obstruent sounds differ from resonant sounds in that obstruent sounds: A. Always include a quasi-periodic sound source. B. Always include an aperiodic sound source. C. Are always continuant sounds. D. Are always noncontinuant sounds.

B. Always include an aperiodic sound source

B81. During a patient's bedside swallowing evaluation, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) notices that there is copious amounts of lingual residue present in the patient's oral cavity following their swallow. Which of the following parts of the oral phase is the patient MOST LIKELY having difficulty with? A. Bolus formation. B. Anterior-posterior movement. C. Labial seal. D. Mastication.

A. Bolus formation.

During an intervention session, a child produces the utterance "mommy go run." The child's SLP uses an expansion approach to increase the complexity of the child's utterance. Which of the following statements could this SLP use in response to the child? A. "Mommy's going to run." B. "Mommy's going to run to the house." C. "Where is Mommy going?" D. "Say 'mommy is going to run'."

A. "Mommy's going to run."

In examining a spectogram of the phrase "say sheep" produced by a male speaker, you notice that the lower limit of high amplitude energy noise for both /s/ and /sh/ is near 2500 Hz. This most likely indicates that: A. /s/ is being produced too far back in the mouth. B. /s/ is being produced too far forward in the mouth. C. /sh/ is being produced too far back in the mouth. D. /s/ is being produced too far forward in the mouth.

A. /s/ is being produced too far back in the mouth.

B118. The pitch contour of a vowel shows that the pitch begins at 200 hertz (Hz). If the pitch contour is accurate, the period at the beginning of the vowel will be: A. 0.005 sec. B. 0.05 sec. C. 0.005 Hz. D. 0.05 Hz.

A. 0.005 sec.

A person has a vital capacity of 5 L in exchange is half a liter of air. When typically breathing at rest the person takes the biggest breath possible and inspires 3 L of air. What is this person's expiratory reserve volume? A. 1.5 Liters B. 2 Liters C. 2.5 Liters D. 3.5 Liters

A. 1.5 Liters

B74. The telencephalon is the area of the brain that includes the cerebral hemispheres, and it receives its blood supply from a variety of different arteries. The artery that supplies most of the medial surfaces of the telencephalon is the: A. Anterior cerebral artery. B. Middle cerebral artery. C. Posterior artery. D. Anterior cerebral artery.

A. Anterior cerebral artery.

B114. After receiving surgical correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency, a child is referred to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) to receive speech therapy. Which activity is appropriate for correction of compensatory errors following the child's surgical procedure? A. Articulation placement procedures. B. Velopharyngeal exercises. C. Blowing exercises. D. Further surgical management.

A. Articulation placement procedures.

B69. A speech and language researcher is establishing a study to determine the effect of reinforcement on young children's phonological productions. One group of study participants will be given positive reinforcement for correct phonological productions, and the other group will participate in play sessions throughout the study. The researcher believes that the group receiving reinforcement for correct productions will learn the phonological pattern of their home language quicker than will the play session group. Which theory of phonological development BEST lines up with this researcher's views? A. Behavioral theory. B. Prosodic theory. C. Generative phonology theory. D. Interactionist-discovery theory.

A. Behavioral theory.

B113. A graduate student in speech-language pathology is preparing to submit final paperwork to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) before beginning his/her clinical fellowship experience. Which of the following is a requirement that must be met by graduate student clinicians? A. Clinical experience during the educational program of at least 400 clock hours. B. Thirty semester credit hours of study focused on the knowledge pertinent to speech-language pathology. C. Graduate coursework and clinical practicum completed in an advanced level program. D. Knowledge of the "big 10" areas of speech-language pathology practice.

A. Clinical experience during the educational program of at least 400 clock hours.

A SLP is preparing to perform a language assessment on a child who comes from a cultural background with which the SLP is unfamiliar. In order to accurately gauge this child's linguistic skills, the SLP needs to be aware of the potential biases that assessment materials reflect because of the assumption that all cultural populations have the same life experiences. What type of bias is the SLP experiencing with the assessment materials? A. Content B. Linguistic C. Material D. Cultural

A. Content

B122. Michael is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who has been asked to evaluate a child who recently moved from a different part of the country. During the evaluation, the child produces the following utterances: /hæn/ for /hænd/, /d?s/ for /ð?s/ and /æks/ for /æsk/. What should be the next step in Michael's assessment of this child? A. Determine if the productions are appropriate for the child's dialect. B. Diagnose the child with a language disorder. C. Perform a standardized childhood language assessment. D. Perform in-depth research regarding the child's cultural background.

A. Determine if the productions are appropriate for the child's dialect.

The Lidcombe program is en evidence-based approach to stuttering treatment in which parents are trained to deliver fluency-shaping therapy daily and to measure fluency performance. Progress is monitored by the SLP. This is an example of which type of approach to treatment: A. Direct treatment B. Indirect treatment C. Counseling approach D. Stuttering modification

A. Direct treatment

B98. A patient has been experiencing essential tremor of the voice, and is roughly 65% intelligible in unfamiliar settings. This patient is highly motivated to participate in speech-language therapy in order to improve communicative effectiveness. Which of the following treatment options are the BEST for an SLP to take with this patient? A. Elevating pitch and shortening phrase length. B. Lowering pitch and semioccluded vocal tract tasks. C. Resonant voice therapy and shortening vowel durations. D. Elevating pitch and optimizing breath groups.

A. Elevating pitch and shortening phrase length.

ASLP in private practice has been asked to perform a speech and language evaluation on a new client. After completing the evaluation, the SLP notices the following speech errors: /sepun/ for /spun/, /dzu/ for /zu/, and /tsit/ for /sit/. Which of the following best describes this child's speech sound errors? A. Epenthesis and affrication. B. Tetism and deaffrication. C. Backing and reduplication. D. Fronting and stopping.

A. Epenthesis and affrication

A 5-year-old with a diagnosis of moderate childhood apraxia of speech has been participating in speech therapy for the past month, with the SLP utilizing a motor-based approach to treatment. The SLP has determined that the child is not making satisfactory progress within the treatment sessions. The BEST course of action by the therapist is to: A. Evaluate if motor-learning principles have been applied appropriately and adjusted as needed. B. Switch treatment to a phonologically based approach from the previously used motor-based approach. C. Begin treatment at the isolated phoneme level to ensure all phonemes can be produced accurately before increasing length and complexity. D. Apply maximal cueing

A. Evaluate if motor-learning principles have been applied appropriately and adjusted as needed.

Andie is an infant being evaluated by an SLP during an early intervention home visit. The SLP notes that Andy demonstrates vocal play, raspberries, trills and marginal babbling during the evaluation. Using this information, which stage of linguistic development does Andy fall within? A. Exploration/expansion stage B. Coo and goo stage C. Canonical balling stage D. Phonation stage

A. Exploration/expansion stage

Mary is a 47-year-old with progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Her disease has progressed significantly enough to affect verbal communication; however, she maintains limited use of the fingers on her left hand. Her SLP has been updating Mary's augmentative and alternative communication device to utilize alternate access to Aid in Mary's communication. Mary's device now highlights each item in the first row of a selection site, followed by the second row etc. until Mary makes a selection. What type of access has the SLP begun utilizing with Mary's device? A. Linear scanning B. Circular scanning C. Row-column scanning D. Group item scanning

A. Linear scanning

B87. What are the KEY attributes of a therapy session to be considered when treating a child with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)? A. Number of sessions per week and amount of practice (i.e., number of productions) per session. B. Adoption of nonspeech tasks and number of sessions per week. C. Syllable shape and the number of cues provided by the clinician to achieve a correct production. D. Number of suprasegmental facilitators and the number of sessions per week.

A. Number of sessions per week and amount of practice (i.e., number of productions) per session.

A SLP is attempting to perform an evaluation on a new pediatric client and would like to perform an analysis to compare the clients correct constant productions to the entire speech sample. Which means of assessment would be the most appropriate choice for the SLP to make? A. Percent consonants correct B. Phonological mean length of utterance C. Phonological error patterns analysis. D. Traditional analysis

A. Percent consonants correct (PCC)

B115. A neonate was diagnosed with cleft palate, micrognathia and airway obstruction. Given these characteristics, which of the following disorders is this infant MOST LIKELY experiencing? A. Pierre Robin sequence. B. Velocardiofacial syndrome. C. Down syndrome. D. Pfeiffer syndrome.

A. Pierre Robin sequence.

A SLP in a high school is working with an adolescent student who has been struggling with generating detailed essay length material. One of several research-based methods for enhancing quantity and quality of text produced by struggling writers that this SLP could employ with this student is: A. Sentence combining practice B. Repeated copying of sentences C. Decontextualized vocab instruction D. Incidental exposure to authentic texts

A. Sentence combining practice

B93. A patient at an acute rehabilitation hospital is working with the speech-language pathologist (SLP) on therapy techniques to improve his/her symptoms of dysphagia, which primarily consist of decreased laryngeal elevation. Which of the following techniques would BEST be suited to this patient? A. Shaker head lifts and the Mendelsohn maneuver. B. The supraglottic swallow and the super-supraglottic swallow. C. The effortful swallow and the Masako maneuver. D. VitalStim and thickened liquids.

A. Shaker head lifts and the Mendelsohn maneuver.

B84. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working with a group of school-aged children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The SLP would like to set appropriate pragmatic goals for the children, while utilizing a social communication group approach. Which of the following pragmatic goals is of GREATEST BENEFIT for use with these children? A. Sharing interests with other group members. B. Generating polite requests and responses. C. Determining appropriate questions for other group members. D. Understanding other group members' feelings.

A. Sharing interests with other group members.

A child has been referred to a SLP for a comprehensive language evaluation, with reports of "global language problems." Following evaluation, the SLP determines that the child is demonstrating word finding difficulties, comprehension deficits and disorganized language, in addition to deficits in attention and executive functioning. Which of the following disorders does the child most likely demonstrate? A. Traumatic Brain Injury B. Cerebral palsy C. Autism Spectrum disorder. D. Down syndrome

A. TBI

B82. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been providing speech therapy to a child with a speech sound disorder. As this child demonstrates errors on multiple phonemes, the SLP has selected the cycles remediation approach for intervention with this child. What could the SLP do to utilize this treatment approach? A. Target a different phoneme each treatment session. B. Provide multiple input modes to establish productions of phonemes. C. Target different areas of language for generalization to phonological impairments. D. Target word pairs that are contrasted by a single phoneme.

A. Target a different phoneme each treatment session.

An SLP has been asked to evaluate a patient recently admitted to the SLPs acute care hospital. When the SLP arrives to perform the evaluation, the SLP discovers through informal conversation that the patient is of a sexual orientation different from their own, and is uncomfortable working with a patient. What steps should the SLP take in the treatment of this patient? A. The SLP must provide treatment to this patient. B. The SLP should request another SLP work with this patient C. The SLP should formulate treatment plans and delegate the patient to an SLPA. D. The SLP should discharge this patient from the SLP's services.

A. The SLP must provide treatment to this patient.

An audiologist has recently completed a full audiometric evaluation on a patient with complaints of hearing loss with the following pure tone average of 70 dB hearing loss in the right ear and 23 dB hearing loss in the left ear. Which of the following statements best describes this patient? A. The patient demonstrates a severe right hearing loss and a minimal left hearing loss. B. The patient demonstrates a profound right hearing loss and a mild left hearing loss. C. The patient demonstrates a moderately severe right hearing loss and normal left hearing. D. The patient demonstrates a severe right hearing loss and a mild left hearing loss.

A. The patient demonstrates a severe right hearing loss and a minimal left hearing loss

A person was given the diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia about three months ago. What is most likely to be true about this person? A. The person had a history of progressive impairment of language, with no evidence of a global dementia or sign of an acute stroke on neuroimaging. B. The person had a dementia syndrome characterized by progressive loss of language functioning and a significant memory impairment, with relative preservation of social graces. C. The person experiences acute onset of a language disorder that was getting progressively worse over at least the past 2 years. D. The CT scan showed atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes and an infarct in the language zone of the left hemisphere.

A. The person had a history of progressive impairment of language, with no evidence of a global dementia or sign of an acute stroke on neuroimaging.

B77. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working in a preschool class, targeting increasing the children's language skills. After the SLP reads a story to the class, she asks a student to describe the main character's feelings throughout the story. The student responds with "they were happy, because it was a good story," indicating her own personal feelings regarding the story. This child demonstrates difficulty with: A. Theory of Mind. B. Pragmatic language. C. Syntactical structure. D. Semantic language.

A. Theory of Mind.

Pragmatic treatment approaches for aphasia often adhere to the principles of PACE. Which of the following is a good example of the PACE principles? A. Topics of conversation should be selected by the person with aphasia and should be personally relevant. B. The person with aphasia should be encouraged to use spoken language expression when he/she communicates. C. The conversational partner should avoid giving feedback to the person with aphasia about whether he/she understood the message or not. D. The person with aphasia should dominate the conversation.

A. Topics of conversation should be selected by the person with aphasia and should be personally relevant

A speech and language researcher has demonstrated the benefits of a newly developed a treatment method through well controlled studies that show internal villainy, statistical significance and practical significance. This researcher's method demonstrates which of the following principles? A. Treatment efficacy. B. Treatment effectiveness. C. Treatment fidelity. D. Treatment validity.

A. Treatment efficacy

B123. A young child is brought into a local voice clinic by the child's parents for a full voice assessment battery. After completing and reviewing all test measures, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) and otolaryngologist (ENT) have decided that the child is presenting with early-stage, bilateral vocal fold nodules, most likely due to phonotraumatic behaviors (i.e., yelling for siblings, making funny voices, etc.). Which of the following approaches to treatment would be appropriate for this particular client? A. Use of confidential voice. B. Utilization of laryngeal massage. C. Use of pushing/pulling exercises. D. Surgical intervention.

A. Use of confidential voice.

B107. If a speaker has difficulty controlling vocal fold vibration it is MOST LIKELY manifested by: A. Voicing throughout the silence for /p/. B. Voicing throughout the silence for /b/. C. Lack of voicing throughout the continuant noise for /f/. D. Lack of voicing throughout the continuant noise for /v/.

A. Voicing throughout the silence for /p/.

B95. A child who a speech-language pathologist (SLP) has just begun working with in a private practice clinic spells words semiphonetically. This would be BEST illustrated by which of the following choices: A. "I am watching TV" spelled as "I am waching TV." B. "I am happy" spelled as "I m hap." C. "I like cats" spelled as "I lik cats." D. "I went to the game" spelled as "I goed to the game."

B. "I am happy" spelled as "I m hap."

It's pitch contour for a vowel shows a frequency of 150 Hz at the midpoint, the frequency of the fifth harmonic at the same location will be: A. 500 Hz. B. 750 Hz. C. 1000 Hz. D. 1250 Hz.

B. 750 Hz

B97. Following a motor vehicle accident, an individual is experiencing complete paralysis of the upper and lower extremities. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan reveals damage to the lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal column. The lateral corticospinal tract is: A. An ascending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of the arms and legs. B. A descending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of the arms and legs. C. An ascending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of all trunk musculature. D. A descending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of all trunk musculature.

B. A descending pathway that conveys motor signals that control movement of the arms and legs.

B102. A child has been brought to an early language learning clinic to receive speech and language intervention. The speech-language pathologist (SLP) has set goals to increase the child's understanding of vocabulary utilizing principles of neighborhood density. Which of the following vocabulary words would be easiest for this child to learn? A. Jump. B. Cat. C. Five. D. Fruit.

B. Cat.

Hey SLP is providing a social language group for a group of students with pragmatic language difficulties. The SLP wants to utilize means of intervention that provide the most good to all the members and is not willing to except less progress by any member. Which philosophical approach it best fits the SLP's approach to practice? A. Utilitarian approach B. Common good approach C. Fairness/justice approach D. The right approach

B. Common good approach

B89. A clinician evaluates a patient with a left cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and determines that the patient exhibits both aphasia and apraxia of speech (AOS). Which of the following choices is the MOST IMPORTANT consideration when planning treatment for this client? A. Adopting a linguistic approach to treatment. B. Considering contributions of both disorders to the communication deficit. C. Adopting a motor approach to treatment. D. Identifying alternative forms of communication in order to compensate for both the linguistic and motoric deficits.

B. Considering contributions of both disorders to the communication deficit.

B88. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is in the process of starting a study on autism and is selecting proper assessment measures. In order to select the most appropriate test, the SLP should be aware of how well specific tests measure the characteristics of autism. Which of the following best describes the need for an accurate description? A. Criterion validity. B. Content validity. C. Construct validity. D. Internal validity.

B. Content validity.

A client arrives at the SLP clinic at an acute care hospital with complaints of "a change in voice." After comprehensive endoscopic evaluation, the SLP noticed that the deficit is most likely not one of resonance due to problems of velopharyngeal closure, as this client exhibits "the most common pattern of velopharyngeal closure." Which of the following best describes this client's pattern of closure? A. Circular pattern with approximately equal activity of the velum, lateral pharyngeal walls, and posterior pharyngeal wall. B. Coronal pattern with the velum contacting the pharyngeal wall C. Sagittal pattern with medial lateral pharyngeal wall motion as the primary contributor to closure. D. Circular pattern with a Passavant's ridge.

B. Coronal pattern with the velum contacting the pharyngeal wall

Amanda is child who demonstrates relatively intact language comprehension skills, but significant impairments in language production and syntax. Which disorder does Amanda MOST LIKELY demonstrate? A. ADHD B. Down syndrome C. Specific learning disability D. TBI

B. Down syndrome

A young child has been receiving speech language therapy to remediate her language disorder. After many months of intervention, the speech language pathologist would like to assess the progress this child is made during intervention. What is the most appropriate method for assessing this child's progress? A. Review data collected during intervention sessions B. Elicit untrained exemplars during conversations C. Administer a standardized assessment and compare scores. D. Implement dynamic assessment procedures.

B. Elicit untrained exemplars during conversations

B109. A patient with a cochlear implant (CI) arrives at an audiology clinic with complaints of his/her cochlear implant malfunctioning. After performing troubleshooting of the CI, the audiologist has decided that the malfunctioning component is the part of the CI that converts the sounds into a digital signal. Which part of this patient's cochlear implant is malfunctioning? A. Microphone. B. External sound processor. C. Internal unit. D. Electrode array.

B. External sound processor.

A SLP is interested in starting a research study to determine the effect of a particular treatment approach in alleviating symptoms of voice disorders. However, while the SLP believes that this treatment will be beneficial to persons with voice disorders of varying etiology, he only has access to persons with voice disorders caused by muscle tension dysphonia. If the SLP proceed with this research study, he needs to be aware of the potential threat to which of the following principles? A. Internal validity B. External validity C. Reliability D. Content validity

B. External validity

A SLP at a skilled nursing facility has been told that the facility is receiving a new patient this afternoon. The patient paperwork has not yet been fully transferred. Only the results from a recent modified have been received, and the following is reported: "severe weakness throughout all phases of swallowing, which required a feeding tube be placed." However, by the time the SLP sees the patient, the reported weakness seems to have improved greatly. Which of the following disorders do you suspect is this patient's primary diagnosis? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Guillain-Barre C. Post-polio syndrome D. Parkinson's disease

B. Guillain-Barre

Charles is a three-year-old boy who has shown dysfluencies in his speech since he began talking in sentences at about two years of age. Overtime, his dysfluencies have increased and now occur on about 12% of his words. He never comments about his stuttering moments and seems to be unaware when they occur. He has no other speech and language problems, is socially engaged and interactive, and has great motor skills. Charles's dad reports that he stuttered as a child, but grew out of it. Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. He is showing normal disfluency, and the SLP should help his parents see if he "grows out of it." B. He appears to be at the borderline stage of stuttering and is at risk because he is a male with a family history. C. When preschoolers stutter, it is best to take a wait-and-see approach. D. Direct therapy is indicated.

B. He appears to be at the borderline stage of stuttering and is at risk because he has a male with a family history.

B94. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is scheduled to perform an evaluation on a child with a chief complaint of "nasality." After performing the evaluation, the SLP finds that the child demonstrates insufficient resonance on nasal consonants. What type of resonance does this child demonstrate? A. Hypernasality. B. Hyponasality. C. Oral cul de sac resonance. D. Nasal cul de sac resonance.

B. Hyponasality.

ASLP has been working on narrative structure with a middle school student on the SLP's caseload. Recently, the child wrote a story about her weekend, which read "my family was going to a friend's birthday party. We were late to the birthday party." Using this information, the SLP would like to assign a narrative episode level to this child's story. Which of the following narrative levels best describes the child's story? A. Abbreviated episode B. Incomplete episode. C. Complete episode. D. Action sequence

B. Incomplete episode

B121. In order to accurately measure voice onset time (VOT) in a series of stop consonants, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) should work from: A. Shorter VOT. B. Longer VOT. C. More compact spectrum. D. More diffuse spectrum.

B. Longer VOT.

B117. Alex is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who has been working with a young child with a language disorder. Alex has recently begun utilizing clinician-directed approaches during intervention sessions with this child as a means of reducing the distracting stimuli. Which of the following methods of intervention is Alex MOST LIKELY utilizing in this child's intervention sessions? A. Demonstration. B. Modeling. C. Expansion. D. Questioning.

B. Modeling.

A young child has recently been diagnosed with a language disorder, with particular deficit in the content and use of language. Which of the following areas of language best define this child's language disorder? A. Morphology and syntax. B. Semantics and pragmatics. C. Phonology and pragmatics. D. Morphology and syntax.

B. Semantics and pragmatics

A patient with a diagnosis of flaccid dysarthria exhibits mild hypernasality. It was noted during visualization of the velopharyngeal system that the patient was able to achieve closure of the velopharyngeal port, but not consistently. The therapy of greatest benefit in this case would be to: A. Fit the patient with a palatal lift B. Teach the patient to speak with increased effort C. Strengthen the velopharyngeal muscles as a group through nonspeech strengthening exercises. D. Improve velopharyngeal port closure through pharyngeal flap surgery.

B. Teach the patient to speak with increased effort

Following a comprehensive speech sound evaluation, a SLP is beginning to select specific sound error patterns to target in intervention with a pediatric client aged three years four months. The SLP understands that there are multiple factors to consider when choosing treatment targets. Which of the following selections is appropriate to utilize on selecting treatment targets for this client? A. The child has difficulty producing a speech sound that typically develops at age 6;0 years, so this sound should not be targeted as it is not age appropriate. B. The child is not stimulable for a specific speech sound that is in error, so this speech sound should be targeted as it would likely not improve independently. C. The child demonstrates "later occurring" phonological errors, so this child does not need to participate in speech therapy at this time. D. The child is stimulable for specific speech sounds in error, so these speech sounds should be targeted as the child would likely not improve independently.

B. The child is not stimulable for a specific speech sound that is an error, so this speech sound should be targeted as it would likely not improve independently

B105. A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has recently been administered an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) assessment. Following the assessment, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) has made recommendations for devices that the patient might be able to use. The patient reviewed the selections and has chosen an AAC device that she believes best fits her skills and needs. What contributing factor is MOST IMPORTANT for this patient's AAC intervention? A. The patient will require multiple AAC systems in order to effectively communicate. B. The patient will have frequent need for feature matching as the disorder progresses. C. The patient will better benefit by more articulatory-based intervention methods. D. The patient will require a nonlinguistic AAC system as her language deteriorates.

B. The patient will have frequent need for feature matching as the disorder progresses.

B130. A patient has just completed a bedside swallow evaluation and has been placed on a basic soft solid/nectar thick liquid diet for an oropharyngeal dysphagia. No significant weakness was found during the bedside evaluation. Knowing this information, which of the following treatment approaches is appropriate to treat this patient's dysphagia? A. Meals of basic soft solids and nectar thick liquids. B. Therapeutic trials of advanced soft solids and thin liquids. C. Therapeutic trials of advanced soft solids and nectar thick liquids. D. Oral motor exercises and compensatory maneuvers.

B. Therapeutic trials of advanced soft solids and thin liquids.

B127. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is providing language intervention for an adolescent student with autism spectrum disorder, and is targeting improved semantic language use. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment goal for the SLP to use in treatment with this student? A. Reading conversation partners' intentions. B. Understanding sarcastic comments made by conversation partners. C. Understanding idiomatic expressions mentioned by conversation partners. D. Determining when to make appropriate decisions.

B. Understanding sarcastic comments made by conversation partners.

A person places a hand on a hot surface and experiences the sensation of heat. The feeling of heat is conveyed up to the primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe. In order for this information to be received in this cortical area, it must first travel up the spinal column, via the: A. Lateral corticospinal tract B. Anterior corticospinal tract C. Anterolateral system D. Posterior column-medial lemniscal system

C. Anterolateral system

Contraction fo the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini will NOT occur during the production of which of the following sounds? A. /f/ B. /s/ C. /m/ D. /t/

C. /m/

Brad is a typically developing 15 month old toddler. How many words with Brad most likely have in his expressive lexicon? A. 50 words. B. 25 words. C. 10 words. D. 100 words.

C. 10 words

B90. Motor learning may be enhanced by introducing a delay between the time the speaker produces a targeted stimulus and the clinician provides feedback in the form of knowledge performance or knowledge of results. There should be: A. No delay in feedback in knowledge of performance in most cases. B. A 1- to 2-second delay in all feedback. C. A 3- to 5-second delay in all feedback. D. A delay in feedback dependent upon the explicitness of the expected response by the clinician.

C. A 3- to 5-second delay in all feedback.

B112. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is researching if the amount of time spent undergoing a new treatment under study will make an impact on intelligibility in dysarthric speakers. Specifically, the SLP has one group participating for 30 minutes a day, while another group participates for 60 minutes a day. In order to determine the effect of the differing amounts of time on intelligibility, which means of analysis would be MOST BENEFICIAL to this SLP? A. A Cochran Q test. B. An analysis of variance (ANOVA). C. A t-test. D. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

C. A t-test.

A child has been recently born with a complete cleft of the secondary palate. Given the diagnosis, which structure would most likely NOT be affected? A. Hard palate B. Velum C. Alveolar ridge D. Uvula

C. Alveolar ridge

B116. A patient incurred a hemorrhagic infarct with a resulting diagnosis of apraxia of speech (AOS). The speaker exhibits right-sided hemiplegia, and the left arm has been immobilized in a cast. Verbal communication consists of a few automatic words and phrases. When speech sound errors occurred, they were distorted. Reading and receptive language skills are intact. Adaptive techniques were used to suggest writing skills appear to be intact. The BEST treatment targeting verbal expression should involve: A. A linguistic approach to treatment targeting increased length of utterance. B. Adoption of melodic intonation therapy (MIT). C. An articulatory kinematic approach. D. Training communication partners in the use of repair strategies when communication breakdowns occurred.

C. An articulatory kinematic approach.

A patient has overcome a lengthy sickness with resultant voice difficulties. Following a voice evaluation at an acute care hospital, the patient is diagnosed with viral-induced superior laryngeal nerve damage. With which of the following difficulties would this patient most likely present? A. Maintaining phonation B. Controlling respiration C. Changing pitch D. Valving the nasal cavity

C. Changing pitch

A SLP is working in a rural outpatient setting, with no audiologist present. Patient arrives at the center with complaints of the behind the ear hearing aid has stopped functioning. The SLP knows that hearing aid troubleshooting is a process that falls under his scope of practice and begins helping the patient. What should be the first step the SLP takes in troubleshooting this hearing aid? A. Check the tonehook for blockages. B. Check the earmold for blockages. C. Check the status of the battery D. Check the status of the microphone.

C. Check the status of the battery

same versus different judgments of presented phonemes. At which level of the auditory hierarchy of listening is this child demonstrating deficits? A. Comprehension. B. Detection. C. Discrimination. D. Recognition.

C. Discrimination.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that are important and sending signals between adjacent neurons. The best description of neurotransmitter release is that it: A. Excites neighboring cells B. Excites neighboring cells only if it binds with a receptor and causes a channel opening C. Excites or inhibits neighboring cells if it bings with a receptor and causes a channel opening D. Inhibits neighboring cells.

C. Excites or inhibits neighboring cells if it binds with a receptor and causes a channel opening.

B91. A child is being seen by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an early intervention setting. The child is demonstrating deficits in foundational skills for social use of language, and these have been chosen as intervention targets. For which skills would this child MOST LIKELY have deficits? A. Gestures and vocalizations. B. Vegetative sounds such as coughing and burping. C. Eye contact, joint attention and taking turns. D. Talking about objects and events.

C. Eye contact, joint attention and taking turns.

B108. A person experiences weakness on the right side of the face resulting in right facial droop. Initial evaluation suggests cranial nerve damage. If verified, which cranial nerve is MOST LIKELY damaged? A. Trochlear. B. Trigeminal. C. Facial. D. Vagus.

C. Facial.

ASLP is administering an AAC evaluation to a patient with chronic, severe spastic dysarthria. In order to determine the most appropriate means of communication, the SLP engages in an assessment style that compares the skills of the patient with various AAC systems. Following the assessment, much has been learned about the patient's capabilities, and the SLP is able to recommend multiple AAC devices of the patient may be able to utilize. What type of assessment of this SLP engage in? A. Scanning. B. Direct selection. C. Feature matching. D. System selection.

C. Feature matching

Mr. Jones is a 56-year-old man who experienced a stroke and is now recovering in the rehabilitation unit at the hospital. He appears to have almost recovered from other stroke symptoms and has no aphasia. At first he was speaking more slowly than expected, but now he appears to have developed more dysfluencies that occurred during speech and reading. Which of the following is most accurate? A. The patient's stroke unmasked an early developmental stuttering problem. B. He needs an MRI before any conclusions could be made. C. His stuttering is probably neurogenic in origin. D. His stuttering is psychogenic.

C. His stuttering is probably neurogenic in origin

A patient presents to an acute care hospital, and imaging has revealed a hemorrhage localized to the left occipital lobe. Which deficit would most likely result? A. Broca's aphasia. B. Tardive dyskinesia. C. Homonymous hemianopia. D. Ataxic dysarthria.

C. Homonymous hemianopia

B75. After performing a comprehensive speech evaluation on a pediatric client, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) has determined that the child demonstrates difficulty producing the /l/ phoneme, consistent with a phonetic error. Which method of intervention would be an appropriate selection for the SLP to utilize with this child? A. Minimal contrast method. B. Distinctive feature approach. C. Integral stimulation approach. D. Cycles remediation approach.

C. Integral stimulation approach.

During a modified barium swallow study, the patient demonstrates penetration to the level of the vocal folds, but does not spontaneously clear the material. In order to give the patient a grade that will be widely understood by other SLPs, the SLP who completed the MBS uses the penetration-aspiration scale. Which of the following would be the appropriate scoring? A. Level 3 B. Level 4 C. Level 5 D. Level 6

C. Level 5

Mike is a seven-year-old who has demonstrated prolongations and repetitions during speech, as well as evident tension prior to these occurrences. Several of his classmates have noticed his speech differences and have begun teasing him. Due to the tension he feels in anticipation of his speech differences and the anxiety he feels towards his classmates teasing, Mike has begun to fear speaking in public, and avoids doing so at all opportunities. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate description of this child? A. Mike is at the advanced stuttering stage and would benefit from an in-depth assessment to determine the effect of stuttering on his quality of life. B. Mike is at the borderline stuttering stage and would benefit from assessment to determine if he exhibits a speech disorder. C. Mike is at the intermediate stuttering stage and would benefit from assessment to determine the effect of stuttering on his classwork. D. Mike is not demonstrating behaviors congruent with stuttering and would benefit from teacher intervention to reduce the occurrence of bullying.

C. Mike is at the intermediate stuttering stage and would benefit from assessment to determine the effect of stuttering on his classwork.

A patient who exhibits reduced lip closure, reduced tongue grooving and reduce tongue-to-pallet contact is most likely experiencing a dysphasia and which phase of the swallow? A. Esophageal phase B. Oral phase. C. Oral prep phase. D. Pharyngeal phase

C. Oral phase

B86. A 12-year-old student demonstrates fluent reading at the text level and shows average spelling for regular and irregular words; nevertheless, his reading comprehension is quite poor. This pattern of literacy behaviors is associated with deficits in which areas? A. Phonological awareness and grapheme-phoneme correspondence. B. Word recognition and rapid automatic naming. C. Oral vocabulary and sentence processing. D. Sight word reading skills and structural analysis.

C. Oral vocabulary and sentence processing.

B131. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) at a local speech and language clinic has an adolescent client with dyslexia on the SLP's caseload. During an evaluation, the client writes "I went to the zu" after being prompted with the cue "write about something you did over the weekend." This mistake suggests that the client has difficulties primarily in what aspect of literacy? A. Phonological memory span. B. Syntax. C. Orthography. D. Discourse.

C. Orthography.

B104. At what age do a variety of word classes and sentence types emerge? A. Infancy. B. Toddlerhood. C. Preschool. D. School age.

C. Preschool.

B111. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in an acute rehabilitation hospital is asked to work with a patient with severe flaccid dysarthria. When the SLP arrives at the patient's room, the patient expresses that the change in communication has significantly affected his/her self-image and that he/she is depressed. The SLP delivers treatment to the patient, which does not lead to improvements in the patient's state of mind. What should the SLP do in order to ensure the BEST treatment of this patient? A. Continue targeting the patient's intelligibility for improvements in psychological outlook. B. Refer the patient to another SLP who has more experience in working with persons with dysarthria. C. Refer the patient for a psychological consult to assess the patient's state of mind. D. Discuss the impact of communication disorders on psychological outlook with the patient.

C. Refer the patient for a psychological consult to assess the patient's state of mind.

B85. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) at the local speech and language clinic has been assigned a patient presenting as completely aphonic. After comprehensive evaluation, the SLP finds nothing structurally or physiologically wrong with the patient's laryngeal mechanism; however, the patient continues to present with difficulties during speech-related activities. Which of the following is an appropriate approach for the SLP to take in treating this patient? A. Refer the patient to a gastroenterologist, in order to establish a potential diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. B. Refer the patient to a pulmonologist, to determine the state of the patient's respiratory mechanism. C. Refer the patient to a psychiatrist, in order to establish a potential diagnosis of psychogenic dysphonia. D. Send the patient home with referral for 2 weeks of complete voice rest, at which point all problems should resolve.

C. Refer the patient to a psychiatrist, in order to establish a potential diagnosis of psychogenic dysphonia.

B73. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is called in to evaluate a new student in a ninth-grade English Language Arts class. The SLP notices that the student reads a single article quickly and accurately and reports knowledge gained directly from reading the article to classmates. The cluster of behaviors observed in this student is most closely associated with which of Chall's reading stages? A. Stage 1: Initial reading or decoding. B. Stage 2: Confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print. C. Stage 3: Reading for learning the new. D. Stage 4: Multiple viewpoints.

C. Stage 3: Reading for learning the new.

B80. A speech and language researcher has completed final analysis on a data set and has discovered a highly homogenous distribution of participant scores. Due to this homogeneity, the researcher is also likely to find a small: A. Mean. B. Median. C. Standard deviation. D. Confidence interval.

C. Standard deviation.

Erika is a young child who demonstrates pragmatic difficulties. Specifically, Erika has difficulties with presupposition skills, which her speech language pathologist has been targeting in order to improve Erika's conversational abilities. Which of the following would be the most appropriate goal for Erika's intervention? A. the child will utilize gestures in conversation to reinforce engaging topics of conversation B. the child will understand that communication partners have perspectives and feelings different from her own. C. The child will modify communicative attempts based on the needs of their communication partner D. the child will understand that communicative partners engage in conversation with certain expectations for communication

C. The child will modify communicative attempts based on the needs of their communication partner.

ASLP is working with a young child who has demonstrated significant difficulty with narrative generation. The SLP has decided that an initial target for this child is to produce recounts. Which of the following would be the most beneficial goal for this child? A. The child will produce narratives to relate a routine event or activity. B. The child will spontaneously produce narratives about a specific weekend event. C. The child will produce narratives about shared experiences when prompted. D. The child will produce narratives about ongoing experiences during play activities.

C. The child will produce narratives about shared experiences when prompted.

B78. Jamie is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) working with a child who has autism spectrum disorder. Jamie believes that this child would benefit from implementation of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to enhance their communicative effectiveness. Which of the following goals is BEST for use with this child? A. The child will use pictures during play scenarios. B. The child will perform desired acts in response to pictures. C. The child will use images to obtain desired items. D. The child is given pictures in response to desired motor acts.

C. The child will use images to obtain desired items.

The spinal column is organized with respect to motor/sensory function, as well as upper and lower extremities. Cell bodies of lower motor neurons that control movement of the legs are generally found in: A. The precentral gyrus B. The postcentral gyrus. C. The ventral horn of the spinal column. D. The dorsal horn of the spinal column.

C. The ventral horn of the spinal column.

A speech scientist has wrongfully interpreted data collected during a recent study and has claimed that the treatment method that leads to participant progress with no progress was actually made. Which of the following best describes the scientist situation? A. Type II error B. An order effect C. Type I error D. A treatment effect

C. Type I error

B132. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in a hospital setting has implemented a breakfast group for individuals with cognitive-communication deficits. For a specific group meeting, the SLP has decided to implement a method of intervention that is a good fit for 12 out of 15 members. The other three members will benefit from this method of intervention, but not as much as the others. The SLP has decided that since most of the group members will maximally benefit from this method it is an appropriate choice. Which philosophical approach best matches this SLP's approach to treatment? A. The Rights Approach. B. Fairness/Justice Approach. C. Utilitarian Approach. D. Common Good Approach.

C. Utilitarian Approach.

After undergoing open-heart surgery, a patient emerges from anesthesia to find that the patient is presenting with a significantly hypophonic, breathy voice. After a few days in recovery, the patient's vocal quality has not improved, and a referral for otolaryngology and speech language pathology consult is made. Based on the information given, what condition will most likely be discovered upon endoscopy? A. VF Polyps B. Presbylaryngeus C. VF paralysis D. Arytenoid granuloma

C. Vocal fold paralysis

During the transmission of an action potential, after a neuron has fired, there is an absolute refractory period. This is a delay during which a neuron is unable to transmit further action potential's. This delay must expire before that neuron can fire again because: A. Sodium (Na+) ions continue to flow out of the cell after an action potential spike. B. Potassium ions (K+) continue to flow out of the cell after an action potential spike. C. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are periodically inactivated after opening. D. Voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are periodically inactivated after opening.

C. Voltage-gated Na+ channels are periodically inactivated after opening

B119. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in an elementary school has been asked to perform a comprehensive language evaluation on a new student. The SLP determines the most appropriate assessment for the child and begins administration. However, the SLP utilizes a more dynamic approach to assessment in order to better understand the child's language skills. This change to assessment MOST LIKELY determined how well the child performed: A. On tasks of daily living. B. On a classroom assignment. C. With modeling techniques. D. With no comparison to peers.

C. With modeling techniques.

A physician is evaluating a young child suspected of having autism spectrum disorder and has determined that the child demonstrates signs of hyperlexia. Which of the following best describes the condition of this child? A. The child demonstrates difficulty modulating vocal volume. B. The child demonstrates negative reactions to loud noises. C. The child demonstrates a fascination with letters and numbers. D. The child demonstrates a disdain for certain clothing textures.

C. the child demonstrates a fascination with letters and numbers.

B124. During a language evaluation, a child produces the utterance, "The boy pushed the cars." How many free morphemes are there in this child's utterance? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

D. 5.

ASL is a visual-spatial language used by persons who are deaf/Deaf in the US and has several unique characteristics. Which of the following BEST describes ASL? A. ASL is completely dependent on hand movements only. B. ASL is dependent on direction, but not speed of movement. C. ASL utilizes facial expression to mark idioms. D. ASL utilizes its own grammar and syntax.

D. ASL utilizes its own grammar and syntax.

A six-year-old child is referred to a speech language pathologist by an otolaryngologist physician, in order to receive speech therapy. According to the child's mother the child had normal speech until two years ago, when he underwent adenoidectomy. Following the surgery, the child demonstrated severe hypernasality, which has slightly improved over the past year. The SLP performed a full evaluation, which reveals normal articulation and significant hypernasality. What is the first treatment option that should be instituted for this child? A. Speech and voice therapy fo rbetter sound control and airflow. B. Exercises to strengthen the velopharyngeal musculature. C. Discuss the inappropriateness of speech therapy, at this time, for the child with the physician. D. Auditory training to improve awareness of the hypernasality.

D. Auditory training to improve awareness of the hypernasality.

In a narrowband spectogram, the SLP can see that harmonic spacing becomes narrower throughout a vowel. When listening to the vowel, the SLP expects to hear the vowel: A. Is a diphthong that shifts from a low vowel to a high vowel. B. Is a diphthong that shifts from a front vowel to a back vowel. C. Begins at a lower pitch and ends at a higher pitch. D. Begins at a higher pitch and ends at a lower pitch.

D. Begins at a higher pitch and ends at a lower pitch

B100. A person is experiencing ataxia. Which central nervous system structure is MOST LIKELY impaired? A. Midbrain. B. Pons. C. Medulla. D. Cerebellum.

D. Cerebellum.

Eddie is a five-year-old child who has been receiving language therapy at his school. Recently, he has greatly enjoyed going to see his SLP because he is able to bring in all his favorite toys, and the SLP will play along with him and ask him questions. What type of language intervention is he most likely receiving? A. Hybrid approach intervention B. Clinician-centered intervention C. Experiential intervention D. Client-centered intervention.

D. Client-centered intervention.

Judy is a young child who is brought into a speech and language center by her parents, who suspect that Judy may have a language disorder. However, when the SLP escorts Judy into her office, Judy begins playing by herself and will only interact with her mother. When the SLP brings out assessment measures, Judy runs into a corner to continue playing. What is the most appropriate means of assessing this child? A. Waiting until Judy is willing to participate and administer standardized measures. B. Talking with Judy, to see what types of responses she will produce. C. Adminstering a standardized case history to Judy's parents D. Collecting data through observation of Judy's interactions with parents

D. Collecting data through observation of Judy's interactions with parents

Which scenario BEST describes application of the Boston classification system for a person diagnosed with aphasia? A. Expressive aphasia was evident because problems in verbal expression were greater than problems in the comprehension of language. B. Broca's aphasia was evident because the CT scan indicated that the cerebrovascular accident had damages Broca's area in the frontal lobe. C. Aphasia was evident because performance was poor on a picture description task and there was trouble following commands. D. Conduction aphasia was evident because of a pattern of fluent output and comprehension and an impairment in the ability to repeat

D. Conduction aphasia was evident because of a pattern of fluent output and comprehension and an impairment in the ability to repeat

B125. Rebecca is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in a rehabilitation hospital. She has recently begun working with a patient who developed severe spastic dysarthria following a significant motor vehicle accident. Rebecca believes that this patient is a candidate for an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device while in the hospital and wishes to prioritize essential messages for recording on the device. Specifically, Rebecca wishes to record words such as hungry, thirsty, and bathroom. What type of vocabulary does Rebecca wish to record for this patient? A. Fringe vocabulary. B. Developmental vocabulary. C. Inventory vocabulary. D. Coverage vocabulary.

D. Coverage vocabulary.

B71. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has recently been employed in a skilled nursing facility. The SLP knows that he is ethically responsible to provide services to patients, but is unsure of the specific roles he must fill. Which of the following is NOT a role of this SLP? A. Use of all modes of service delivery, including those that are technology based. B. Participation in the evaluation, selection and use of assistive devices. C. Counseling patients, families and caregivers regarding assessment and treatment. D. Evaluation and determination of eligibility for special education and related services.

D. Evaluation and determination of eligibility for special education and related services.

B92. A young child is brought into a speech and language clinic by his parents, with primary complaints of "little language use." Upon initial evaluation, the speech-language pathologist determines that the child communicates appropriately through use of gestures for requests for actions and objects, but uses little verbal language. What would be of the GREATEST BENEFIT in the next step in this child's treatment? A. Expand the child's expressive syntax to include simple sentence structure. B. Expand the child's expressive morphology to include plural markers. C. Expand the child's receptive vocabulary to include more functional items. D. Expend the child's repertoire to include vocalizations with gestures.

D. Expend the child's repertoire to include vocalizations with gestures.

A patient arrives at the local voice Center and completes the patient intake form. There is a history of vocal fold surgeries and routine surgeon visit every couple of months for the past few years. Patient presents with frequent throat clearing and inhalatory stridor. Without having an opportunity to use laryngoscopic evaluation, the speech language pathologist reasons that this patient is most likely experience in which of the following disorders? A. VF nodules B. Laryngitis C. Reinke's edema D. Human papilloma virus

D. Human papilloma virus (HPV)

B72. A physician has been consulted by a couple who is hoping to have children. However, the couple has also expressed interest in learning about risk factors for children with autism spectrum disorder. Which is a risk factor associated with having a child with autism spectrum disorder? A. If a father uses antidepressants while trying to conceive. B. If a mother uses antihistamines during pregnancy. C. If a mother is over 30 years old. D. If a father is over 40 years old.

D. If a father is over 40 years old.

The language town has been described as a key region of the brain that, when damaged, it's likely to result in some degree of aphasia. One characteristic of the language zone is that: A. It consists of two identical structures, found in each hemisphere. B. It consists of key subcortical structures, including the basal ganglia and the thalamus. C. It can be found on the dorsal portions of the frontal lobe. D. It consists of portions of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes.

D. It consists of portions of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes.

ASLP is working on conversation level goals with a young child. However the child continues to have significant difficulties with this form of communication. The SLP suspect that this child may have deficits and underlying skills needed for conversation, such as: A. Phonological memory span, turn-taking abilities and simple sentence structure. B. Gestures, complex sentence structures and joint attention. C. Intellectual functioning, morphosyntactic development and fluency. D. Joint attention, following line of regard and joint action routines.

D. Joint attention, following line of regard, and joint action routines

B101. A patient comes in for a consult at the local voice clinic with a primary complaint of rough vocal quality. Upon patient interview, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) notes that the patient complains of persistent bad breath and a globus sensation. Additionally, the patient reports that this has been occurring for the past month and has progressively worsened. While a medical diagnosis would need to confirm the findings, which of the following causes is MOST LIKELY? A. Vocal fold cyst. B. Laryngeal papilloma. C. Vocal fold atrophy. D. Laryngeal cancer.

D. Laryngeal cancer.

B103. A group of speech scientists is attempting to determine the treatment efficacy for a previously developed method of intervention for spastic dysarthria. In order to determine an accurate measure of treatment efficacy, which of the following measures should this group of scientists utilize? A. Test-retest measures and construct validity. B. Content validity and interobserver agreement. C. Randomization and effect size. D. Meta-analysis and systematic review.

D. Meta-analysis and systematic review.

B70. Following a speech evaluation, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) has determined that the child he is working with demonstrates significant amounts of homonymy in his speech. For example, the child produces the word /bo/ for both /bot/ and /bo/. However, the child does produce the /t/ phoneme in other word positions. Which intervention approach would be of the GREATEST BENEFIT for the SLP to utilize in working with this particular child? A. Maximal contrast approach. B. Integral stimulation. C. Traditional approach. D. Minimal pairs approach.

D. Minimal pairs approach.

B96. An audiologist is preparing to perform audiologic evaluation on a patient who recently arrived at the clinic. The patient presents with chief complaints of severe "ringing in the ears," problems hearing in only one ear, dizziness and a feeling of "fullness in the ear." Which disorder is this patient likely experiencing? A. Presbycusis. B. Noise-induced hearing loss. C. Cholesteatoma. D. Ménière's disease.

D. Ménière's disease.

Mary is a junior high student who has been working with a SLP in therapy for the past six months. Mary's therapy has focused on fluency shaping activities primarily. Which of the following techniques was probably used during these sessions? A. Cancellation B. Avoidance treatment C. Counseling D. Operant conditioning to reinforce moments of fluency

D. Operant conditioning to reinforce moments of fluency

B79. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a child who demonstrates difficulty producing /k/ in the initial and final word positions. However, the child does correctly produce the following words: /ki/, /kæt/, /bæk/ and /ba?k/. The SLP decides to utilize a treatment method that capitalizes on these correct productions to aid in faulty productions. Which of these interventions is MOST LIKELY the method chosen by this SLP? A. Integral stimulation. B. Multiple phoneme approach. C. Sensory-motor approach. D. Paired-stimuli approach.

D. Paired-stimuli approach.

B128. Paul is a successful architect who has stuttered throughout life. His disfluencies are notable in complicated social situations, but most people say that they rarely notice it. Paul reports significant struggle in many communication situations and says he is tired of using avoidance as his main tool to deal with stuttering. He finds himself refusing to answer the phone when others are present and feeling the need to substitute words all the time. Which of the following descriptions is MOST accurate? A. Paul exhibits hysterical stuttering. B. Paul should have had behaviorally focused therapy. C. Paul should be advised to maintain his current level of fluency and learn better avoidance strategies. D. Paul is a covert stutterer.

D. Paul is a covert stutterer.

When producing the voiceless fricative /f/, the muscle that most likely contracts is the: A. Lateral cricoarytenoid B. Transverse interarytenoid C. Oblique interarytenoid D. Posterior cricoarytenoid

D. Posterior cricoarytenoid

A SLP in an acute rehab setting has received a new patient on his caseload. While reviewing notes from the patient's previous therapist, the SLP notices that this patient demonstrates anomia and discourse, impaired auditory comprehension, and impaired semantic memory, but has strengths and Visuospatial skills, working memory and problem-solving. The SLP decide that this patient may be experiencing which disorder? A. Primary progressive aphasia—nonfluent variety. B. Primary progressive apraxia of speech. C. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). D. Primary progressive aphasia—fluent variety.

D. Primary progressive aphasia - fluent variety

B129. The Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA) can BEST be exemplified by which of the following scenarios? A. Encouraging a person with aphasia (PWA) to remain in the home, to work on home-based communication. B. Hiring a gardener for a PWA with hemiparesis, in order to keep their garden in adequate condition. C. Providing emotional support services to only the PWA, in order to keep their psychological outlook positive. D. Providing audiobooks at the local library, to aid PWA who have reading deficits.

D. Providing audiobooks at the local library, to aid PWA who have reading deficits.

B120. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a severely dysarthric patient in an acute rehabilitation setting, targeting improved functional communication. The patient was nonliterate at baseline and has conveyed that literacy is not a focal area of communication. The SLP decides to utilize topic supplementation to aid in the comprehension of communicative partners. Which approach best matches this SLP's choice forintervention? A. Training the patient to utilize an AAC device by modeling and explaining the process. B. Training the patient's spouse to expand upon their topic of conversation. C. Providing the patient with a list of letters to utilize in conversation. D. Providing the patient with a list of pictures to utilize in conversation.

D. Providing the patient with a list of pictures to utilize in conversation.

Andie is a SLP who has recently branched out into providing Tele practice services to in-state clients who are unable to be treated at his practice. Joseph is a friend of Andy's who lives in another state in which Andie does not have licensure and has just heard about Andie's new service delivery. Joseph asked Andie to treat his mother, who has Wernicke's aphasia, as Joseph would like his mother to receive more treatment than she is currently. How should Andy proceed in the treatment of Joseph's mother? A. Recommend against treatment, as telepractice has not been proven in treating Wernicke's aphasia. B. Recommend against treatment, as Joseph's mother is already receiving services. C. Share the mother's case information with a fellow SLP in the state in which Joseph lives. D. Refer the friend to another SLP who has licensure in the state in which Joseph lives.

D. Refer the friend to another SLP who has licensure in the state in which Joseph lives.

B76. A patient is in the emergency department of a hospital following a massive motorcycle accident. After receiving a computerized tomography (CT) scan, the patient is revealed to have sustained diffuse, bilateral hemispheric damage. Later results from a speech and language evaluation show that the patient has a strained-strangled vocal quality, hypernasality during speech activities and a slow, effortful rate of speech. Based on this information, the patient would MOST LIKELY be diagnosed with which motor speech disorder? A. Hypokinetic dysarthria. B. Flaccid dysarthria. C. Ataxic dysarthria. D. Spastic dysarthria.

D. Spastic dysarthria.

B126. Anthony has recently been admitted to a skilled nursing facility, following a large left middle cerebral artery infarction. He was previously diagnosed with severe Broca's aphasia and verbal apraxia, and his verbal expression is characterized by content words, paraphasias and overly stereotyped utterances. However, Anthony has relatively preserved cognitive skills, including memory and attention. The speech-language pathologist assigned to work with Anthony believes he would benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention. Which of the following approaches would Anthony MOST LIKELY benefit from? A. Supplemental verbal expression with an eye gaze system. B. Provision of a speech-generating device. C. Supplemental verbal expression with writing. D. Supplemental verbal expression with a picture board.

D. Supplemental verbal expression with a picture board.

A SLP is considering dismissing a child from therapy services, as the SLP believes the child has made the maximum amount of progress possible. What is the most important factor to consider when dismissing a child from language therapy from a SLP perspective? A. The child has met all measurable goals and objectives set for him through language therapy. B. The child is refusing to participate in further language treatment sessions. C. The child's family has become tired of receiving language intervention. D. The child is able to meet all communication demands for activities of daily living.

D. The child is able to meet all communication demands for activities of daily living.

B83. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) report for a 4-year-old with a history of disfluencies stated that the child exhibited simple phrase repetitions and occasional grammatical interjections of one iteration. Occasionally, the child is observed to prolong speech sounds at the beginning of an utterance for up to 3 seconds and also to occasionally show tense lip posturing on certain sounds. Which of the following statements is the MOST ACCURATE regarding the behavior? A. The child is showing only core behaviors of stuttering. B. The child's prolongations and tense posturing are insignificant. C. The child is at low risk for advanced stuttering. D. The child is showing core and secondary stuttering behaviors.

D. The child is showing core and secondary stuttering behaviors.

A young child is brought to an outpatient clinic by the parents, with a chief complaint of "strange behaviors." After a thorough evaluation, the child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, with significant impairments and syntactical aspects of language. Which of the following is most likely a deficit exhibited by this child? A. The child cannot establish koint attention. B. The child adds extraneous speech sounds. C. The child omits past tense verbs. D. The child speaks telegraphically.

D. The child speaks telegraphically.

B110. Two grade-school children are referred to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) for a comprehensive diagnostic assessment of their literacy abilities. A basic literacy assessment should consider the children's: A. Reading/writing skills, cultural context and articulation abilities. B. Underlying spoken language skills, vocal quality and reading/writing skills. C. Reading/writing skills, underlying cognitive processing skills and cultural context. D. Underlying spoken language skills, reading/writing skills, and cultural context.

D. Underlying spoken language skills, reading/writing skills, and cultural context.

A SLP is evaluating the communication skills of a child with autism spectrum disorder. Following the evaluation, the SLP notes that during communicative exchanges, this child demonstrates immediate and delayed repetition of utterances spoken by others. Which deficit is the child demonstrating? A. Jargon B. Verbal perseveration C. Childhood apraxia of speech D. Echolalia

Echolalia