Practice Semester

Your primary care physician refers you to a mental health professional so that you can be prescribed medication to alleviate your severe panic attacks. This professional is most likely a 1)counseling psychologist. 2)psychiatrist. 3)social worker. 4)clinical psychologist.

2

________ was originally developed to treat Parkinson's disease but is also effective for treating ________. 1)Deep brain stimulation; depression only 2)Deep brain stimulation; both depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder 3)Transcranial magnetic stimulation; depression only 4)Transcranial magnetic stimulation; both depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder

2

aliq, a 12-year-old, is showing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The first-line treatment for Taliq would typically be ________. However, ________ is also recommended because its effects tend to be more long lasting. 1)medication; cognitive therapy 2)medication; behavior therapy 3)behavior therapy; medication 4)cognitive therapy; medication

2

he best way to think about positive symptoms of schizophrenia is that they are ________, whereas negative symptoms are ________. 1)liked by the patient; disliked by the patient 2)excesses of normal behaviors; deficits in normal functioning 3)helpful for the patient; harmful for the patient 4)present in other disorders; absent in other disorders

2

The drug Ritalin is a ________ that leads to ________ in some children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 1)peripheral nervous system depressant; decreased motor activity 2)peripheral nervous system stimulant; increased motor control 3)central nervous system depressant; decreased brain activity 4)central nervous system stimulant; increased attention

4

The use of ________ declined starting in the 1950s with the development of ________ for serious mental disorders. 1)medication; trepanning 2)electroconvulsive therapy; medication 3)medication; electroconvulsive therapy 4)prefrontal lobotomy; medication

4

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an effective treatment for 1)panic disorder. 2)obsessive-compulsive disorder. 3)schizophrenia. 4)depression.

4

Traynor has had severe depression for many years. Although he has taken different antidepressants, he always stops taking them because he dislikes the side effects. If he wants to find an antidepressant with the fewest potential side effects, which drug should he try? 1)a tricyclic 2)a monoamine oxidase inhibitor 3)a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor 4)bupropion

4

The diathesis-stress model of mental disorders focuses mainly on how 1)nature can influence psychological disorders. 2)nurture can influence psychological disorders. 3)either nature or nurture can individually influence psychological disorders. 4)both nature and nurture can interact to influence psychological disorders.

4

The dimensional approach to diagnosing psychopathology is most evident in the DSM-5 revised criteria for which disorder? 1)borderline personality 2)persistent depressive 3)attention-deficit/hyperactivity 4)autism spectrum

4

A clear contributing factor to borderline personality disorder is 1)a history of violence or abuse. 2)a traumatic divorce in one's childhood. 3)an adolescent peer group that encourages high-risk behavior. 4)a biological sibling with the same personality disorder.

1

Hearing voices is a type of________ symptom referred to as a ________. 1)positive; hallucination 2)negative; delusion 3)positive; delusion 4)negative; hallucination

1

A counterintuitive aspect of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is that 1)effective drug treatment involves giving patients stimulants to treat hyperactivity and inattention symptoms. 2)early intervention can lead to greater impairment during young adulthood. 3)effective drug treatment involves giving patients SSRIs, even though they show no signs of depression. 4)children typically show either attention or hyperactivity symptoms, but not both.

1

A false sensory perception experienced without external sources is a ________ symptom referred to as a ________. 1)positive; hallucination 2)negative; delusion 3)positive; delusion 4)negative; hallucination

1

A patient comes in complaining that they are missing awareness of large blocks of time. They know who they are, and they claim they are not experiencing multiple personalities. This patient may be diagnosed with 1)dissociative amnesia. 2)dissociative fugue. 3)schizophrenia. 4)dissociative identity disorder.

1

A remedial program that provided ________ to children resulted in a reduced likelihood of ________ disorder in the kids when they were tested 20 years later. 1)better nutrition; antisocial personality 2)better nutrition; bipolar 3)education opportunities; antisocial personality 4)education opportunities; bipolar

1

According to the learned helplessness model of depression, depressed individuals 1)think they have no control over the outcomes they experience. 2)attribute negative outcomes to situational factors that are both temporary and specific. 3)generally think negatively about themselves, their situations, and their futures. 4)make errors in logic when explaining positive or negative outcomes they have experienced.

1

Although effective, electroconvulsive therapy for depression 1)has a high relapse rate after the treatments are discontinued. 2)works only if applied to the correct brain hemisphere. 3)typically results in some sort of permanent brain damage. 4)has been condemned as unethical by the scientific community.

1

An evidence-based approach to psychological treatment would lead one to favor ________ for treating most psychological disorders. 1)cognitive-behavioral therapy 2)hypnosis 3)primal scream therapy 4)"scared straight" programs

1

Applied behavioral analysis therapy is most useful in treating 1)children with autism spectrum disorder. 2)children with ADHD. 3)adults with ADHD. 4)adults with borderline personality disorder.

1

Approximately what percentage of children and adolescents in the United States experience psychological disorders? 1)10-20 percent 2)about 25 percent 3)30-40 percent 4)about 50 percent

1

Borderline personality disorder is associated with 1)disturbances in identity and impulse control. 2)low IQ and lack of remorse. 3)self-absorption and feelings of personal superiority. 4)high levels of anger and suspicion.

1

Both bipolar I and bipolar II disorders require which of the following for diagnosis? 1)episodes of elevated mood 2)depressive episodes 3)manic episodes that cause impairment in daily living 4)at least one major depressive episode

1

Brandon has been receiving intensive applied behavioral analysis (ABA) for his autism spectrum disorder since the age of 2. Which of the following outcomes is most likely after four years of ABA? 1)Brandon has a higher IQ than before he started. 2)Brandon has excellent social relationships with family and friends. 3)Brandon's language use is significantly better than before he started. 4)Brandon engages in almost normal levels of symbolic play.

1

Cluster C (anxious or fearful behavior) includes which of the following personality disorders? 1)avoidant 2)paranoid 3)borderline 4)schizoid

1

Compared to people who have mood or substance use disorders, people who have schizophrenia 1)show more odd social behaviors and motor disturbances as children. 2)seek treatment at a younger age. 3)are more likely to take their medications. 4)tend to show higher intellectual functioning as children.

1

Dillon has major depressive disorder. Dillon would most likely benefit from a medication that increased which type of neurotransmitter? 1)serotonin 2)glutamate 3)GABA 4)purine

1

Doug's parents are concerned about his risk-taking behavior. He has admitted to using drugs and alcohol and gets into fights with authority figures at school. His therapist is likely to diagnose him with a(n) ________ disorder. 1)externalizing 2)internalizing 3)mood 4)anxiety

1

Dr. Arjuna specializes in anxiety disorders. He wants to find a treatment or combination of treatments that will be most effective in the long term with the fewest side effects. Dr. Arjuna should use 1)cognitive-behavioral therapy only. 2)cognitive-behavioral therapy and a tricyclic antidepressant. 3)an anxiolytic and an antidepressant. 4)an anxiolytic only.

1

Dr. Leung gives all of her patients a short, valid, and reliable questionnaire that asks questions about sleeping habits, eating habits, daily activities, and emotional states. Based on this self-report information, Dr. Leung is able to assess whether depressive symptoms are present in each patient. She is making use of 1)psychological testing. 2)the neuropsychological method. 3)applied behavioral analysis. 4)a projective measure.

1

During a study, participants read an ambiguous story, which they can interpret in a variety of ways. Jonah interprets the story as threatening, whereas Elias interprets the story as comical. Based on this information alone, what conclusion can you draw about Jonah and Elias? 1)Jonah experiences higher levels of anxiety than Elias. 2)Jonah is more sensitive to other people's feelings compared to Elias. 3)Jonah and Elias have opposing personality disorders. 4)Elias is at increased risk of antisocial personality disorder.

1

Fear hierarchies are used in 1)systematic desensitization. 2)rational-emotive therapy. 3)cognitive therapy. 4)client-centered therapy.

1

For which of the following patients would lithium alone have the most clear and beneficial effect? 1)someone who has extreme bouts of mania and mild depression 2)someone who has extreme bouts of depression and mild mania 3)someone who has mild bouts of depression and mania 4)someone who has extreme bouts of depression and mania

1

If psychotherapy and biological therapy for a given mental disorder are found to be equally effective and only one therapy can be used, 1)psychotherapy should be used because it has no side effects. 2)psychotherapy should be used because it is easier to administer. 3)biological therapy should be used because it has longer-lasting effects. 4)biological therapy should be used because it is more cost-effective.

1

If your child is taking stimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, what side effects might you expect to see? 1)reduced appetite and a pause in growth 2)fatigue and headaches 3)increased distractibility and a ravenous appetite 4)general apathy along with disinterest in social interaction

1

Imagine that you work for a foundation that is interested in reducing the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder. On the basis of what we know regarding therapy for people with this disorder, how could you best invest the foundation's money? 1)fund research focusing on prevention of this disorder 2)increase availability of the empirically supported treatments for this disorder 3)provide free medications for people with the disorder 4)establish outpatient clinics specifically dedicated to the treatment of this disorder

1

In contrast to insight therapies, behavioral therapy 1)sees maladaptive behavior as the problem to be treated. 2)attempts to resolve the underlying conflict that causes the maladaptive behavior. 3)encourages patients to express their emotions about their maladaptive behaviors. 4)focuses on the thoughts that lead to maladaptive behavior.

1

In order to test whether a particular psychological treatment is effective, you would have to include 1)an experimental group that receives the treatment and a control group that receives a placebo. 2)an experimental group that receives a placebo and a control group that receives the treatment. 3)two experimental groups, each receiving a different psychological treatment. 4)an experimental group that receives the treatment and whose results are compared to the general population.

1

In the 1930s, Egas Moniz developed ________ as a biological treatment for severe psychological disorders. 1)psychosurgery 2)electroconvulsive therapy 3)transcranial magnetic stimulation 4)trepanning

1

In the long term, the most effective treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 1)behavioral therapy. 2)cognitive therapy. 3)stimulant medication. 4)behavioral therapy and stimulant medication.

1

In the past week, Samara has been extremely excited. She has rarely slept, she invested all her savings in a risky startup company, and she thinks she is going to be a millionaire by next year. Samara does not have a history of depressive episodes. Samara is most likely to be diagnosed with which disorder? 1)bipolar I disorder 2)bipolar II disorder 3)manic disorder 4)major depressive disorder

1

In treating bipolar disorder, lithium has been shown to have 1)stronger effects on mania than depression. 2)stronger side effects over time. 3)severe drug interactions with antidepressants. 4)weaker effectiveness compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy.

1

Jaime has generalized anxiety disorder. Her psychiatrist gives her a benzodiazepine. The most likely action of this drug is to ________ activity. 1)increase GABA 2)increase dopamine 3)decrease norepinephrine 4)decrease serotonin

1

Jake is experiencing hallucinations and delusional thinking. His doctor will most likely prescribe a 1)neuroleptic. 2)benzodiazepine. 3)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. 4)monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

1

Joanna is seeing a therapist for her depression. During each session, her therapist asks her to keep a list of negative thoughts and then he challenges her to replace each thought with more adaptive ones. Joanna's therapist is using ________ therapy to treat her depression. 1)cognitive-behavioral 2)behavioral 3)client-centered 4)psychodynamic

1

Juan-Carlos has autism spectrum disorder. When he watches television, what is he most likely to focus on? 1)a group of boxes stacked behind the host of the program 2)the host of the program 3)the children who are on the program 4)his mother, who is watching it with him

1

Jung's severe depression has not responded to typical drug therapies. Jung's psychiatrist believes it is critical they start a new treatment that is both effective and fast-acting. His therapist will probably recommend 1)electroconvulsive therapy. 2)lithium. 3)a combination of an MAO-inhibitor and lithium. 4)an antidepressant plus an antipsychotic.

1

Kim is taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for her obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Given the research on SSRIs and OCD, how should the drug affect her symptoms? 1)Her obsessions should decrease. 2)Her compulsions should decrease. 3)Her mood will be more positive. 4)Her mood will be more stable.

1

Mandy cannot tolerate being alone and has strong negative emotional reactions whenever her relationships are disrupted. She often uses drugs or alcohol to help cope. Mandy would likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. 1)borderline 2)narcissistic 3)dependent 4)avoidant

1

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) reduce depression symptoms by increasing the availability of ________ by ________. 1)serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks them down 2)only serotonin; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks serotonin down 3)serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine; inhibiting their reuptake 4)only serotonin; inhibiting serotonin reuptake

1

Most therapists agree that most personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder 1)are difficult to treat. 2)respond well to drug treatment. 3)are well understood in terms of their causes. 4)respond well to cognitive-behavioral therapy.

1

Odelia has schizophrenia and her medication has reduced her positive symptoms. However, Odelia still has some odd behaviors, and other people view her as a little strange. Odelia's doctor will most likely recommend that she receive ________ training. 1)social skills 2)mindfulness 3)assertiveness 4)biofeedback

1

One limitation of biological therapies in treating psychological disorders is that 1)success may require long-term treatment. 2)all antipsychotic drugs are habit forming. 3)they are more expensive than psychotherapy. 4)they cannot be used with children.

1

People diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder are less likely to learn from punishment because 1)they have a low level of arousal and do not experience punishment as aversive. 2)they enjoy punishment, so the punishment becomes a reward. 3)they do not understand that the punishment is connected to their behavior. 4)their bad behavior typically is not punished.

1

Psychiatric nurses 1)can work in residential treatment programs. 2)can provide psychotherapy. 3)must have a graduate degree. 4)assist psychiatrists in treating patients.

1

Psychologists who argue for the importance of biological factors in mental disorders use which of the following kinds of evidence to support this approach? 1)studies of the rates of mental disorders in fraternal versus identical twins 2)studies of the influence of childhood experiences on mental health 3)studies of the influence of family dynamics on mental disorders 4)studies involving gene alteration in individuals with mental disorders

1

Psychotherapy for antisocial personality disorder appears to work best if it is 1)done on an inpatient basis or in a correctional facility. 2)initiated by the patient and not the therapist. 3)done on an individual rather than a group basis. 4)paired with antipsychotic drugs.

1

Sarah is a practicing clinical psychologist. She should expect to see more 1)depressed clients than bipolar clients. 2)males than females who are suffering from depression. 3)females than males with bipolar disorder. 4)genetic relatives with depression than bipolar disorder.

1

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work by 1)allowing serotonin to remain in the synapse. 2)facilitating the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron. 3)blocking serotonin's effects on the postsynaptic receptors. 4)allowing serotonin to remain in the presynaptic neuron.

1

Since he was a child, Tommy has used physical violence, lying, and intimidation to get his way. Now, as an adult, Tommy has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Given what is known about effective therapy for this disorder, which of the following statements best represents a knowledgeable therapist's opinion about his treatment options? 1)"Tommy, I wish someone would have intervened with you when you were younger." 2)"Tommy, given your extensive history of deviant behavior, hospitalization is your best option." 3)"Tommy, the best treatment for you currently is deep brain stimulation, which might curtail some of your impulsive and aggressive tendencies." 4)"Tommy, the most promising treatment option for you right now is heavy medication, including lithium, and perhaps an antipsychotic."

1

Terence has not been out of the house in two months. He is fearful that if he goes outside people will follow him. When a concerned neighbor checked in on him, Terence verbally threatened him. Which of the following statements about Terence's behavior is FALSE? 1)It is adaptive, given the circumstances. 2)It is impairing his social relationships. 3)It deviates from social norms. 4)It is personally distressing.

1

The antipsychotic medication chlorpromazine reduces 1)positive symptoms of schizophrenia but has a strong sedating effect. 2)negative symptoms of schizophrenia but has a strong sedating effect. 3)positive symptoms of schizophrenia but can cause seizures. 4)negative symptoms of schizophrenia but can cause seizures.

1

The central characteristic of anxiety disorders is 1)the feeling of excessive fear or anxiety in the absence of any real threat. 2)fluctuating moods that are not related to events in the environment. 3)a feeling of apprehension or dread without any physical symptoms. 4)chronically high arousal of the parasympathetic nervous system.

1

The fact that prehistoric people used to ________ means that ________. 1)engage in trepanning; people have always attempted to treat mental disorders 2)perform prefrontal lobotomies; people have always punished those with mental disorders 3)perform ritualistic cleansing; people have always attempted to treat mental disorders 4)provide electroconvulsive therapy; people have always punished those with mental disorders

1

The first categorization of mental disorders developed out of 1)the observation that not all people with abnormal behavior have similar symptoms. 2)a factor analysis of a large number of abnormal traits and behaviors. 3)genetic studies that showed different patterns for different symptoms. 4)a failure to link mental disorders to physical symptoms.

1

The recent increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder is thought to stem primarily from 1)greater awareness of the symptoms of this disorder. 2)an increase in susceptibility to the disorder. 3)changes in the levels of environmental toxins linked to the disorder. 4)the emergence of new viral factors.

1

The study that compared the effects of drug treatment (clomipramine) and psychotherapy (exposure and response prevention) in obsessive-compulsive disorder found that 1)exposure and response prevention were more effective. 2)the drug was more effective. 3)neither form of treatment worked better than the placebo. 4)both forms of treatment had similar positive effects.

1

The use of benzodiazepines to control anxiety disorders 1)is problematic because these drugs are addictive. 2)is ideal because these drugs have only minor side effects. 3)increases the presence of an excitatory neurotransmitter. 4)is only appropriate in inpatient settings.

1

To alleviate your depression, your therapist asks you to keep a diary of all your negative thoughts, when they occurred, and how they made you feel. What is your therapist's goal for this assignment? 1)to identify problematic thought patterns so they can be modified 2)to reveal unconscious inner conflicts 3)to practice identifying and modifying your emotions 4)to specify the rewards and punishments needed to change behavior

1

To help create accurate diagnoses, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 1)describes disorders in terms of observable symptoms. 2)classifies each disorder as either "neurotic" or "psychotic." 3)groups disorders by the theorist who discovered them. 4)groups disorders first by culture, then by severity.

1

Under which of the following conditions do you have the highest likelihood of developing schizophrenia? 1)Both of your biological parents have the disorder. 2)Your fraternal twin has the disorder. 3)Both of your adopted parents have the disorder. 4)You were exposed to a schizovirus as a child.

1

Which of the following accurately describes evidence supporting the idea that dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a genuine psychological disorder? 1)The separate identities display different patterns of brain activation. 2)DID often runs in families. 3)Twin and adoption studies have found a genetic component to this disorder. 4)There is an objective, definitive test for diagnosing this disorder.

1

Which of the following best describes the results research comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and the use of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) clomipramine for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder? 1)Cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective than the SSRI. 2)The SSRI was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy. 3)Both therapies were equally effective. 4)The SSRI was more effective in the short term, but cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in the long term.

1

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings on oxytocin and autism spectrum disorder? 1)Injections of oxytocin led to improved identification of a speaker's emotional tone. 2)Injections of oxytocin increased eye contact but not repetitive behaviors. 3)Oxytocin increased eye contact but also increased inappropriate touching. 4)Oxytocin increased feelings of trust, but not for those with autism spectrum disorder.

1

Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? 1)delusions of control 2)avoiding eye contact 3)expressing minimal emotion 4)slowed speech

1

Which of the following is a potential drawback of applied behavioral analysis? 1)It is labor-intensive and can last for years. 2)It can only be done by professionals and is not reinforced by family members. 3)It only works in inpatient environments, not in outpatient environments. 4)It only works if started before the age of 4.

1

Which of the following is a reason why using placebos in experiments that test the effectiveness of psychotherapy is more complicated than in experiments that test the effectiveness of drug therapies? 1)The therapists know if they are providing the treatment or control therapy. 2)The effectiveness of psychotherapy is less than that of drug therapy, so the difference is harder to measure accurately. 3)The placebo treatment often involves specific factors, which increase effectiveness. 1)There are serious ethical concerns about withholding psychotherapy from patients.

1

Which of the following is a well-established difference between major depression and bipolar disorder? 1)Depression is more common than bipolar disorder in the general population. 2)Depression is more common in men, whereas bipolar disorder is more common in women. 3)Depression has a stronger genetic basis than bipolar disorder. 4)Depression is acute, whereas bipolar disorder is chronic.

1

Which of the following is accurate regarding posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? 1)It has been linked to genetic differences in serotonin functioning. 2)Researchers have found minimal support for genetic causes. 3)It can lead to desensitization of the amygdala. 4)It has been linked to genetic differences in the size of the amygdala.

1

Which of the following is an example of an externalizing disorder? 1)conduct disorder 2)social phobia 3)generalized anxiety disorder 4)major depressive disorder

1

Which of the following is an obsession commonly associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder? 1)fear of contamination by germs 2)fear of public speaking 3)repeatedly washing hands 4)continuously checking locks

1

Which of the following is categorized as a depressive disorder? 1)persistent depressive disorder 2)bipolar I disorder 3)chronic depressive disorder 4)posttraumatic stress disorder

1

Which of the following is considered a trauma and stressor-related disorder? 1)adjustment disorder 2)specific phobia 3)obsessive-compulsive disorder 4)generalized anxiety disorder

1

Which of the following is the most effective long-term treatment for schizophrenia? 1)medication combined with social skills training and family therapy 2)medication only 3)medication combined with social skills training 4)medication combined with family therapy

1

Which possible biological cause of autism spectrum disorders has been most controversial? 1)dysfunction in the mirror neuron system 2)abnormal patterns of brain growth 3)rare genetic mutations 4)exposure to maternal antibodies

1

You are looking for a therapist to help reduce your obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. If you want to make sure the therapy is most effective, which two behavioral components should your therapist use? 1)exposure and response prevention 2)exposure and systematic desensitization 3)systematic desensitization and response prevention 4)flooding and creating a fear hierarchy

1

Depressed individuals tend to attribute negative outcomes to ________ and positive outcomes to ________. 1)others' abilities; their own abilities 2)personal shortcomings; luck 3)bad luck; chance 4)the difficulty of the task; good karma

2

Section III of the DSM-5 describes an alternative model for personality disorders that focuses on the 1)biological nature of personality disorders. 2)notion that disorders represent extreme personality traits. 3)developmental trajectory of personality disorders. 4)high degree of overlap between different personality disorders.

2

A 2-year-old is shy and has an inhibited temperament. According to research, this child is at greatest risk for ________ later in life compared to a child who does not display this temperament. 1)bipolar disorder 2)an anxiety disorder 3)major depressive disorder 4)borderline personality disorder

2

Currently, the best approach to treating borderline personality disorder is 1)cognitive-behavioral therapy. 2)dialectical behavioral therapy. 3)behavior modification. 4)antipsychotic medication.

2

Delusions are a ________ symptom and social isolation is a ________ symptom of schizophrenia. 1)negative; negative 2)positive; negative 3)positive; positive 4)negative; positive

2

A drug representative who works for the company that makes Prozac has to make a pitch to a group of doctors regarding the use of Prozac for adolescent depression. What is the most accurate statement the drug representative could make? 1)Yes, Prozac increases suicidal thinking and may increase the risk of suicide, but so do other treatments. 2)Yes, Prozac may increase suicidal thinking, but suicide rates have actually decreased since serotonin reuptake inhibitors were introduced. 3)Prozac does not increase suicidal thinking or suicide risk, although there are a number of other side effects that are specific to adolescents. 4)Prozac does not increase suicidal thinking or suicide risk, and it can be recommended as the most effective treatment available for adolescent depression.

2

A person diagnosed with panic disorder is most likely to develop which of the following additional disorders? 1)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 2)agoraphobia 3)obsessive-compulsive disorder 4)social anxiety disorder

2

A woman says, "The eagle takes flight at three o'clock and flies here from General Electric. I get my check from the eagle; he goes from the mailbox to make a payment. He's a secret spy for my husband and makes a shotgun sound." This woman is displaying a ________ symptom of ________. 1)negative; schizophrenia 2)positive; schizophrenia 3)negative; dissociative identity disorder 4)positive; dissociative identity disorder

2

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following is the diathesis component of a psychological disorder? 1)getting in a serious car accident on your way to work one morning 2)having close genetic relatives who experienced the same psychological disorder 3)getting treatment for a kidney infection 4)having a spouse get in trouble at work

2

Across a number of anxiety disorders, drug therapy 1)is effective and is considered the treatment of choice. 2)works well in the short term, but can result in relapse when the drug is discontinued. 3)is associated with more side effects than when used to treat other disorders. 4)is generally ineffective at reducing symptoms.

2

After getting robbed at gunpoint, Jackie is experiencing extreme distress and fear, and she is concerned that she is developing panic disorder. Her therapist is likely to diagnose her with a(n) ________ disorder. 1)externalizing 2)internalizing 3)obsessive-compulsive 4)mood

2

An intensive treatment for autism that is based on operant conditioning principles is 1)cognitive therapy. 2)applied behavior analysis. 3)behavior therapy. 4)dialectical behavioral therapy.

2

Angie's relationships are full of drama and others think she is intense and unstable. She can be extremely loving but she can also quickly become angry and irrational. She would likely be diagnosed with 1)narcissistic personality disorder. 2)borderline personality disorder. 3)histrionic personality disorder. 4)dependent personality disorder.

2

Antipsychotic medications would NOT be effective if they did NOT 1)block serotonin. 2)block dopamine. 3)enhance serotonin. 4)enhance dopamine.

2

Antisocial personality disorder is listed as cluster ________, which includes ________ behavior. 1)A; odd or eccentric 2)B; dramatic, emotional, or erratic 3)C; anxious or fearful 4)B; anxious or fearful

2

Arianna has panic disorder and has been prescribed an anti-anxiety drug. She will probably be prescribed a ________, which will ________ activity. 1)benzodiazepine; increase serotonin 2)benzodiazepine; increase GABA 3)neuroleptic; decrease serotonin 4)neuroleptic; decrease GABA

2

At age 2, Jamison hardly said any words, rarely made eye contact with his parents, and was intensely preoccupied with the zippers on his clothing. Jamison 1)would probably be diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 2)would probably be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. 3)is at higher-than-average risk of developing antisocial personality disorder. 4)is at higher-than-average risk of developing obsessive-compulsive disorder.

2

Based on research by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), about how many adolescents out of 100 could be expected to experience serious suicidal thoughts while being treated with Prozac? 1)0 2)4 3)25 4)50

2

Based on the research on gender and depression, what suggestions would you make to therapists treating clients who are depressed? 1)They should be sensitive to male and female clients' multiple work and family responsibilities. 2)They should be aware that female clients often have multiple work and family responsibilities and that male clients may be reluctant to discuss their own depression. 3)They should be careful to treat male and female clients similarly, regardless of personal history or personal characteristics. 4)They should treat clients of the same gender, ethnic background, and sexual orientation as themselves so that rapport may be established quickly and easily.

2

Based on the results of the Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), how should the doctor of an adolescent approach the issue of medication for depression? 1)The doctor should avoid prescribing Prozac because it causes suicidal thoughts. 2)The doctor should prescribe Prozac but inform the patient that one of the risks of taking the drug may be an increase in suicidal thoughts. 3)The doctor should prescribe a different drug, such as a tricyclic, which has the same effects as Prozac but does not cause suicidal thoughts. 4)The doctor should prescribe a combination treatment of tricyclic medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

2

Cece is seeing a behavioral therapist because she is very shy and awkward in interpersonal situations. To teach her appropriate ways to act in social situations, her therapist might use 1)exposure therapy. 2)social skills training. 3)interpersonal therapy. 4)cognitive restructuring.

2

Clozapine was an improvement over previous antipsychotic medications because it 1)acted specifically on the dopamine neurotransmitter system. 2)reduced the negative as well as the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 3)produced only moderate Parkinsonian effects. 4)also worked for disorders such as bipolar disorder.

2

Cross-cultural research on delusions in schizophrenia shows that 1)culture can influence the frequency of delusions. 2)cultural factors can influence the type of delusion presented. 3)schizophrenia is highly genetically based, so culture does not influence delusions. 4)delusions of grandiosity are only seen in developed but not developing nations.

2

Don has an obsessive-compulsive disorder with obsessions that focus on germs. Don's therapist asks him to shake hands with everyone in his office and does not allow him to wash his hands afterward. His therapist is engaging in________, which works by ________. 1)exposure and response prevention; making a new link between the stimulus and calm feelings 2)exposure and response prevention; breaking the link between a stimulus and a conditioned response 3)exposure and systematic desensitization; making a new link between the stimulus and calm feelings 4)exposure and systematic desensitization; breaking the link between a stimulus and a conditioned response

2

Dr. Malaise is conducting a randomized clinical trial examining whether cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective for depression. In this study, the control group will most likely 1)receive a placebo. 2)have sessions with a therapist in which the therapist will simply talk with them. 3)not have any contact with a therapist. 4)receive cognitive-behavioral therapy from a therapist.

2

During a session, your patient with schizophrenia says, "On my way to work, I heard the chiming of the bell. You know, bell, nell, well, dell. The farmer and the dell, the farmer and the dell. Hi-ho-the dairy-o, the farmer and the dell." Your patient just exhibited a ________ known as ________. 1)loosening of associations; word salad 2)loosening of associations; clang association 3)negative symptom; word salad 4)negative symptom; clang association

2

Hayley is going to a therapist to reduce her snake phobia. If she sees a behavioral therapist, the therapist is most likely to use 1)cognitive restructuring. 2)exposure therapy. 3)social skills training. 4)rational-emotive therapy.

2

If a particular disorder manifests similarly in different cultures around the world, one could confidently conclude that the disorder is most likely rooted in 1)patterns of family interaction. 2)biological factors. 3)environmental factors. 4)universally held beliefs.

2

Imagine you have a twin that has major depressive disorder. Are your chances of developing this disorder influenced by whether you are an identical or a fraternal twin? 1)No, because both types of twins are equally susceptible. 2)Yes, because your chances are much greater if you are an identical twin. 3)Not if you have additional genetic relatives who have depressive disorders. 4)Yes, if you are female but not if you are male.

2

In a long-term study of applied behavioral analysis, one group of children received 40 hours of therapy, a second group received 10 hours of therapy, and a control group received no therapy. Which of the following best describes the findings? 1)Both the 40-hour and 10-hour groups showed significant increases in IQ compared to the control group. 2)The 10-hour group exhibited no differences from the control group. 3)There was no difference between the three groups. 4)Both the 40-hour and 10-hour groups showed increases in IQ, but the members of the 40-hour group were more likely to be ready for a normal kindergarten class.

2

In determining whether a behavior indicates psychopathology, which of the following questions is an important criterion? 1)Does the person recognize that he or she has a disorder? 2)Does the behavior deviate from cultural norms? 3)Is the behavior legal? 4)Is the behavior normal for that particular person?

2

In stage 3 of dialectical behavioral therapy, a client focuses on ________, which helps the client ________. 1)identifying traumatic experiences; find the root of his or her emotional problems 2)developing self-respect and independent problem solving; reduce dependence on others 3)identifying traumatic experiences; resolve these emotional experiences 4)developing self-respect and independent problem solving; reduce maladaptive behaviors

2

In the DSM-5, posttraumatic stress disorder is classified as a(n) ________ disorder. 1)anxiety 2)trauma and stressor-related 3)depressive 4)adjustment

2

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are difficult to treat because they 1)are so focused on the future that they lose sight of their present difficulties. 2)care little about how others feel about their behavior. 3)have excessively low self-esteem and believe therapists will not want to help them. 4)view their problems as too overwhelming to treat.

2

Jenny's therapist is warm and supportive and easily takes her perspective. He encourages her to express her thoughts and feelings about her eating disorder and does not make explicit recommendations or give advice. Jenny's therapist most likely uses ________ therapy. 1)cognitive-behavioral 2)client-centered 3)mindfulness-based 4)rational-emotive

2

Joe has a depressive disorder and just failed an exam. According to the cognitive model of depression, Joe is most likely to say which of the following? 1)"I didn't have enough time to study for this exam. I'll do better next time." 2)"I am so stupid. I will have to drop out of college." 3)"This professor is so unfair." 4)"Oh well, most of the class probably failed, too."

2

John has been hearing voices and believes that people are "after him." John needs medication to control his delusions and hallucinations. Which kind of mental health professional should John find? 1)a counseling psychologist 2)a psychiatrist 3)a general practitioner 4)a psychological social worker

2

Keith goes to a psychologist because he was recently arrested for a series of assaults on strangers in the street. His psychologist asks whether he gets upset with himself afterward and how he feels about his behaviors. His psychologist is asking these questions to asses which criteria of psychopathology? 1)If the behavior deviates from cultural norms. 2)If the behavior is personally distressing. 3)If the behavior is maladaptive. 4)If the behavior impairs social relationships.

2

Kristos has schizophrenia and exhibits only the negative symptoms of the disorder. Kristos would benefit most from which of the following drugs? 1)chlorpromazine 2)clozapine 3)reserpine 4)haloperidol

2

Major depression and bipolar disorder are 1)both more prevalent in women than in men. 2)distinct disorders and require different treatment approaches. 3)both more prevalent in men than in women. 4)distinct disorders, but similar treatments are effective for both.

2

Selin is receiving a biological treatment in which electrical stimulation is delivered through electrodes implanted in her brain. She is most likely receiving which kind of treatment? 1)electroconvulsive therapy 2)deep brain stimulation 3)single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation 4)repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation

2

Malik is receiving applied behavioral analysis for autism spectrum disorder. Although he has improved, the major difficulty for his parents is 1)the expense of the treatment, because it is offered on only an inpatient basis. 2)the extraordinary time commitment involved. 3)that even with treatment he will never attend a normal classroom at school. 4)that although his social skills will improve, his intelligence will not improve significantly.

2

Manuela has a family history of schizophrenia. Although she had a relatively uneventful childhood and stable adult life, she is concerned that she will develop the disorder. According to the diathesis-stress model, Manuela has a ________ probability of developing schizophrenia because she ________. 1)low; is missing the diathesis component 2)low; is missing the stress component 3)high; has both the diathesis and stress components 4)high; has the diathesis, stress, and genetic components

2

Maxine has experienced chronic stress due to excessive anxiety her entire adult life. Given the research on chronic stress and brain structures, in which area of Maxine's brain would we expect to see atrophy? 1)the cerebellum 2)the hippocampus 3)the amygdala 4)the prefrontal cortex

2

Mindy is taking a psychotropic medication that increases the level of serotonin in her brain. She is likely taking a(n) 1)benzodiazepine. 2)antidepressant. 3)antipsychotic. 4)neuroleptic.

2

Neurodevelopmental disorders should be considered within the context of normal childhood development. This means that they 1)must affect all aspects of a child's life. 2)may be normal behaviors for children at an earlier developmental stage. 3)are always extreme manifestations of normal behaviors. 4)can be alleviated by overachieving in another developmental area.

2

On what basis may persistent depressive disorder be distinguished from major depression? 1)the general quality of the symptoms and the intensity of the symptoms 2)the intensity of the symptoms and the duration of the disorder 3)the duration of the disorder and the inclusion in the DSM-5 4)the inclusion in the DSM-5 and the general quality of the symptoms

2

One limitation of psychotherapy in treating psychological disorders is that 1)success may require long-term treatment. 2)some psychological disorders involve apathy and clients with these disorders may not be interested in treatment. 3)it focuses mainly on past childhood experience, while ignoring recent problems. 4)it is more useful for treating anxiety disorders than it is for treating mood disorders.

2

One negative aspect of using drug treatments for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is that 1)these drugs may increase the risk of later antisocial behavior. 2)the effects of these drugs are not maintained over the long term. 3)these drugs increase appetite and can lead to substantial weight gain. 4)taking these drugs as a child leads to increased risk of substance abuse as an adult.

2

One reason that personality disorders are controversial in clinical practice is that 1)they are relatively temporary conditions, so they should not be classified as disorders. 2)there is overlap among the traits in each disorder, so people often meet criteria for multiple disorders. 3)they appear to have very little overlap with normal personality, so treatment is difficult. 4)the criteria is too broad, so over half of the population could be diagnosed with a personality disorder.

2

People who are reckless, deceitful, and show no remorse for their behavior 1)cannot be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. 2)can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder if they have shown a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior over their lives. 3)can be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder if they begin committing crimes. 4)can be diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.

2

Psychologists have noted that some mental disorders are more common among lower socioeconomic groups. Which model of mental illness most directly accounts for this observation? 1)family systems 2)sociocultural 3)cognitive-behavioral 4)diathesis-stress

2

Psychotherapeutic treatments of adolescent depression are 1)ineffective. 2)effective but time consuming. 3)about three times more effective as treatment with drugs alone. 4)seldom effective unless used in combination with drugs.

2

Rashid is undergoing repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation to help reduce the symptoms of a psychological disorder. It is likely that Rashid has been diagnosed with 1)obsessive-compulsive disorder. 2)depression. 3)schizophrenia. 4)generalized anxiety disorder.

2

Research has shown a positive relationship between taking Prozac and suicidality in adolescent populations. According to the research, we would expect ________ of adolescents taking Prozac to become suicidal. 1)2 percent 2)4 percent 3)10 percent 4)20 percent

2

Research on the role of oxytocin in ________ suggests it may be a promising treatment for ________. 1)social behavior; schizophrenia 2)social behavior; autism spectrum disorder 3)emotion regulation; depression 4)emotion regulation; borderline personality disorder

2

Research suggests that which of the following environmental factors increases the likelihood of developing schizophrenia? 1)being adopted by nongenetic relatives 2)heavy cannabis use in adolescence 3)prenatal exposure to radiation 4)living in a rural environment

2

Sam has spent most of the past decade in prison. In his first therapy session, he shows little remorse for his crimes and happily discusses how he uses bullying and manipulation to get what he wants. Sam would most likely be diagnosed with ________, and his therapist would most likely suggest ________. 1)borderline personality disorder; inpatient individual therapy 2)antisocial personality disorder; inpatient group therapy 3)borderline personality disorder; outpatient group therapy 4)antisocial personality disorder; outpatient individual therapy

2

Sam, a 10-year-old, has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the following outcomes would you expect to see as Sam gets older? 1)He will outgrow this disorder by young adulthood, regardless of treatment. 2)He is likely to maintain this disorder into young adulthood. 3)His prognosis is very good, but only if he receives early drug treatment. 4)The prognosis is unclear; long-term studies are not conclusive.

2

Sherecce and Marin both have social anxiety disorder. Sherecce's fears include public speaking and speaking up in meetings. Marin's fears include public speaking, meeting new people, and eating in public. Who is more likely to develop a substance abuse problem, and why? 1)Sherecce, because her anxiety is more pervasive. 2)Marin, because he has more social fears. 3)Neither, because neither quantity nor pervasiveness of social fears predicts substance use. 4)Marin, because his anxiety is more debilitating.

2

Sherry hates being by herself and makes every effort to keep people as emotionally close to her as possible. She has threatened to hurt herself when boyfriends have broken up with her. Sherry would most likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. 1)narcissistic 2)borderline 3)obsessive-compulsive 4)dependent

2

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder 1)appear around age 4. 2)can be seen as early as age 1. 3)vary greatly, depending on the sex of the child. 4)include a pronounced interest in social stimuli.

2

Tara's parents divorced, her brother became a drug user, and her husband left her for another woman. Tara has given up because she believes she has no control over improving her circumstances. According to the ________ model, Tara is likely to develop a(n)________. 1)learned helplessness; anxiety disorder 2)learned helplessness; depressive disorder 3)cognitive triad; anxiety disorder 4)cognitive triad; depressive disorder

2

Ted did not feel bad after firing thousands of workers in his company. In his personal life, Ted seems unconcerned with the effects of his behavior on others. He regularly exploits others and engages in unlawful behaviors when it suits him. Ted would most likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. 1)avoidant 2)antisocial 3)narcissistic 4)borderline

2

Ted has schizophrenia. He has not responded favorably to traditional antipsychotics and still has several negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In looking for a new treatment, his psychiatrist is most likely going to suggest 1)a benzodiazepine. 2)a newer antipsychotic, such as clozapine. 3)an older antipsychotic, such as haloperidol. 4)lithium.

2

Ted was diagnosed with schizophrenia in his early 20s. According to recent research, what would we expect to see in videos of Ted as a young child? 1)He would show motor disturbances and normal social interactions. 2)He would show unusual social behaviors and motor disturbances. 3)He would show unusual social behaviors and normal negative emotions. 4)He would show severe negative emotions and unusual eating behaviors.

2

The best way to think about positive symptoms of schizophrenia is that they are ________, whereas negative symptoms are ________. 1)liked by the patient; disliked by the patient 2)excesses of normal behaviors; deficits in normal functioning 3)helpful for the patient; harmful for the patient 4)present in other disorders; absent in other disorders

2

The diathesis-stress model of mental disorders takes the view that 1)certain biological or environmental factors directly cause mental illness. 2)certain biological or environmental factors make people vulnerable to mental illness. 3)an individual's ability to cope with stress is the best predictor of mental disorder. 4)an individual's personality is the best predictor of mental disorder.

2

The hypothesis that virus exposure may increase the likelihood of developing schizophrenia 1)has been dismissed by the scientific community. 2)has been supported by research finding unique antibodies in individuals with schizophrenia. 3)has been supported by research using twin and adoption studies. 4)has been evaluated by researchers but the evidence is inconclusive.

2

The more social fears someone with social anxiety disorder has, the more likely he or she will 1)respond to treatment. 2)develop depression. 3)get into physical fights with others. 4)avoid alcohol or other drugs.

2

The most effective treatment for autism spectrum disorder is ________, which is based on ________. 1)applied behavioral analysis; behavioral, cognitive, and mindfulness approaches 2)applied behavioral analysis; principles of operant conditioning 3)dialectical behavior therapy; behavioral, cognitive, and mindfulness approaches 4)dialectical behavior therapy; principles of operant conditioning

2

The most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder is 1)systematic desensitization. 2)exposure and response prevention. 3)anti-anxiety medications. 4)cognitive restructuring.

2

The symptoms most commonly associated with schizophrenia are 1)manifestations of one or more distinct personalities. 2)delusions and hallucinations. 3)rapidly alternating periods of anxiety and depression. 4)extreme impulsiveness and sensation seeking.

2

The use of haloperidol and chlorpromazine to treat schizophrenia 1)has been largely ineffective in spite of early enthusiasm for the drugs. 2)may produce motor side effects resembling those observed in Parkinson's disease. 3)is best for relatively mild forms of the disorder. 4)is effective for treating negative but not positive symptoms of the disorder.

2

To resolve some of the controversies surrounding the DSM-5 and personality disorders, Section II's alternative model 1)eliminates the cluster approach in favor of a dimensional approach. 2)describes personality disorders as excessive personality traits that interfere with functioning. 3)replaces the clusters with disorders based on the Big Five traits. 4)focuses only on the clusters and not the individual disorders within them.

2

Tom is a 32-year-old chemical engineer. He was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a child. Compared to someone who has not been diagnosed with ADHD, Tom is much more likely to have 1)problems with anxiety. 2)changed jobs multiple times. 3)children with a number of different women. 4)problems with depression.

2

Tory has received applied behavior analysis (ABA) since the age of 2. Given what you know about ABA, which would you expect to see after two years of treatment? 1)Tory's social skills have improved but his IQ has not changed. 2)If Tory received intensive treatment (40 hours per week), his IQ will have increased. 3)Tory is a happier child, but his IQ is still low and he cannot be taught in a normal classroom at school. 4)As long as Tory received weekly therapy sessions, his IQ has increased.

2

Virtual environments or virtual realities are useful in treating 1)schizophrenia. 2)specific phobias. 3)generalized anxiety disorder. 4)depression.

2

Which of the following accurately describes evidence supporting those who are skeptical as to whether dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a genuine psychological disorder? 1)The separate identities display similar patterns of brain activation. 2)Patients often report well-publicized symptoms but not lesser-known yet still common symptoms. 3)Diagnosis often occurs before someone has been accused of committing a crime. 4)The separate identities display similar handwriting styles.

2

Which of the following accurately describes gender differences in depression cross-culturally? 1)Gender differences in depression are larger in developing compared to developed nations. 2)Gender differences in depression are smaller in developing compared to developed nations. 3)Gender differences in depression are the same across cultures. 4)There are no gender differences in depression across cultures.

2

Which of the following anxiety disorders are the most different from each other? 1)specific phobia and social anxiety disorder 2)generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobia 3)panic disorder and agoraphobia 4)agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder

2

Which of the following best describes the relationship between panic attacks and agoraphobia? 1)Having panic attacks is unrelated to the development of agoraphobia. 2)Agoraphobia rarely occurs in the absence of panic attacks. 3)Both panic and agoraphobia result from specific phobias in childhood. 4)More severe panic attacks are associated with reduced occurrence of agoraphobia.

2

Which of the following best summarizes the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a treatment for depression? 1)It is less effective than drug treatment. 2)It is just as effective as drug treatment. 3)It is counterproductive if used in combination with drug treatment. 4)It is only productive if used in combination with drug treatment.

2

Which of the following best summarizes the long-term effects of deep brain stimulation on depression? 1)There were short-term benefits, but no long-term benefits. 2)Two-thirds of the patients experienced long-term benefits. 3)One-tenth of the patients experienced long-term benefits. 4)There were no short-term or long-term benefits.

2

Which of the following best summarizes the research findings on suicidality and Prozac use in adolescent depression? 1)Compared to those in the control group, those taking Prozac showed an increase in suicidal thoughts. 2)Compared to those in other treatment groups, those taking Prozac showed an increase in suicidal thoughts. 3)Compared to those in the control group, both the group taking Prozac only and the group taking Prozac with cognitive-behavioral therapy showed an increase in suicidal thoughts. 4)Compared to those in other treatment groups, those taking Prozac showed a decrease in suicidal thoughts.

2

Which of the following drugs is most effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder? 1)anti-anxiety medications 2)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 3)neuroleptics 4)monoamine oxidase inhibitors

2

Which of the following factors is a drawback of electroconvulsive therapy for depression? 1)the damage to muscles and bones from the seizures 2)the need for repeated treatments 3)the long delay before the depression remits 4)the pain experienced during the treatment

2

Which of the following is a primary symptom of autism? 1)deficits in motor communication 2)lack of awareness of others, even caregivers 3)excessive verbal communication 4)mental retardation

2

Which of the following is characteristic of the brains of people with schizophrenia, based on neuroimaging studies? 1)abnormally high levels of activity in the amygdala 2)enlarged ventricles in the brain 3)significantly increased volume of the parietal lobes 4)significant reduction in myelination of the neurons

2

Which of the following lists two ways that transcranial magnetic stimulation is similar to electroconvulsive therapy? 1)They both involve brain stimulation and are effective for most psychological disorders. 2)They both involve brain stimulation and help patients who do not respond to drug treatments. 3)They both can be used outside of a hospital setting and are effective for most psychological disorders. 4)They both can be used outside of a hospital setting and help patients who do not respond to drug treatme

2

Which of the following people suffering from schizophrenia will have the worst prognosis? 1)Parvati, a woman diagnosed at age 30 who lives in India 2)Merlyn, a man diagnosed at age 18 who lives in New York City 3)Sherril, a woman diagnosed at age 18 who lives in Los Angeles 4)Simeon, a man diagnosed at age 30 who lives in Kenya

2

Which of the following personality disorders belong to the same group? 1)schizoid, paranoid, and obsessive-compulsive 2)avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive 3)paranoid, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive 4)antisocial, histrionic, and paranoid

2

Which of the following treatments has been shown to decrease relapse rates of schizophrenia? 1)family therapy 2)systematic desensitization 3)client-centered therapy 4)exposure and response prevention

2

Which type of mental disorder involves a disruption in identity and travel to another location? 1)depersonalization disorder 2)dissociative fugue 3)dissociative identity disorder 4)conversion disorder

2

Why is electroconvulsive therapy sometimes used with pregnant women who are depressed? 1)It has been demonstrated to prevent depression in the baby as well. 2)It does not harm the fetus, whereas drug treatments might. 3)It works quickly on the mother's depression, minimizing the impact on the fetus. 4)The use of electroconvulsive therapy is never justified with pregnant women.

2

You are assessing a new patient for symptoms of schizophrenia. He believes that he is Jesus Christ and that the president of the United States speaks directly to him through a bump on his head. His belief that he is Jesus is a(n) ________ and hearing the president's voice is a(n) ________. 1)grandiose delusion; hallucination 2)identity delusion; hallucination 3)hallucination; grandiose delusion 4)hallucination; identity delusion

2

You would most likely be diagnosed with ________ if you displayed negative mood, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of suicide over the last few months. 1)posttraumatic stress disorder 2)major depressive disorder 3)persistent depressive disorder 4)bipolar I disorder

2

ommy is a teenager with a long history of stealing, physical violence, and lying to get out of trouble. He has recently been diagnosed with conduct disorder. His parents think it is just a phase and that he will grow out of it without any intervention. Given your knowledge of psychological disorders, how would you respond? 1)The most effective treatment is medication and mindfulness therapy. 2)Without treatment, conduct disorder is a precursor to antisocial personality disorder. 3)Without treatment, conduct disorder is a precursor to dependent personality disorder. 4)The most effective treatment is dialectical behavior therapy.

2

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following people is most likely to become depressed? 1)Jane, who experienced childhood abuse but who currently has a stable family and job. 2)Johanna, who had a happy childhood but who currently has a stressful home and work life. 3)Janice, who was abused as a child and who was recently laid off from her job. 4)Jennifer, who has a stable personality but is in the middle of a difficult divorce.

3

A central assumption of the cognitive-behavioral model of mental disorders is that 1)mental dysfunction is an outgrowth of cultural mediation between thoughts and behaviors. 2)the family context is the most important factor in the development of mental illness. 3)abnormal behavior is learned. 4)the primary causes of mental illness are conflicts between the unconscious and conscious mind.

3

A person you meet at a party has a degree in counseling psychology. Your best guess is that she 1)does talk therapy with clients who have psychological disorders. 2)works in a hospital with patients who have psychological disorders. 3)counsels people with adjustment and stress problems. 4)works with a psychiatrist to counsel patients who are on medication for psychological disorders

3

A therapist is considering prescribing either electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for his depressed patient. How do these two therapies compare to each other? 1)They are both easily administered outside hospital settings. 2)TMS is more effective than ECT. 3)They act via different mechanisms and are appropriate for different types of patients. 4)TMS is much more expensive to administer.

3

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following is the stress component of a psychological disorder? 1)experiencing a traumatic loss of a parent when you were a child 2)having your biological brother diagnosed with the disorder 3)filing for bankruptcy and losing your home in the past month 4)being adopted when you were an infant

3

After receiving a disappointing grade, Sariah tells herself that she may not get into college because she is a lazy and unmotivated person and that her future is doomed. Given the role of ________ in psychological disorders, Sariah is highly likely to develop ________. 1)cognitive processes; generalized anxiety disorder 2)learned helplessness; generalized anxiety disorder 3)cognitive processes; major depressive disorder 4)learned helplessness; major depressive disorder

3

Alan is seeing a therapist for depression. Each week, Alan writes down his thoughts and the therapist analyzes them looking for irrational assumptions, unrealistic expectations, and other distorted thoughts that might contribute to his depression. His therapist is using a ________ approach to help Alan. 1)psychodynamic 2)family systems 3)cognitive-behavioral 4)sociocultural

3

Although ________ is an effective treatment for adolescent depression, it can be difficult to implement because ________. 1)SSRIs; doctors are no longer allowed to prescribe them to adolescents because of increased suicide risks 2)SSRIs; therapeutic levels of these drugs drastically increases risks of suicide in teenagers 3)cognitive-behavioral therapy; adolescents may lack the necessary cognitive or emotional skills 4)cognitive-behavioral therapy; it takes a long time before therapeutic effects are evident

3

Arianna has stopped washing her hair, going to the grocery store, going to work, and talking to people. Several of her friends and family members are concerned about these changes. Based on this information alone, which criterion for a psychological disorder does Arianna NOT meet? 1)maladaptivity 2)deviation from social norms 3)personal distress 4)impairment of social relationships

3

As a treatment for depression, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are 1)associated with side effects like drowsiness, weight gain, and dry mouth. 2)more effective than tricyclics or serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 3)used less frequently because of potentially fatal complications. 4)most effective in combination with other antidepressants.

3

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by 1)impulsivity, inappropriate behavior, and learning disability. 2)learning disability, inattentiveness, and compulsions. 3)inattentiveness, restlessness, and impulsivity. 4)restlessness, anxiety, and muscle tension.

3

Based on what is known about the demographics of depression, which of the following issues is likely to come up most frequently in sessions with depressed clients? 1)the difficulties involved in discussing one's sexual orientation 2)the ways that race and ethnicity affect one's self-perception and social interactions 3)the multiple demands of work and family life, and the interaction between these areas 4)the stresses of being affluent

3

Brendon believes that he is worthless and that he will never have satisfying relationships. Brendon's therapist questions these beliefs by saying, "I appreciate you and enjoy our interactions. What do you think of that?" After these conversations, Brendon starts to recognize his maladaptive thinking patterns. The therapist is using ________ to help Brendon. 1)expressed emotion 2)reflective listening 3)cognitive restructuring 4)modeling

3

Caroline uses an old grocery cart to collect cans, plastic bags, and newspapers from the street. She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. She frequently talks to herself in public. She is 1)manifesting positive symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. 2)manifesting negative symptoms of antisocial personality disorder. 3)manifesting positive symptoms of schizophrenia. 4)manifesting negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

3

Children who are diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often 1)have well-above-average intelligence. 2)are well-liked by peers for being talkative and friendly. 3)have trouble keeping friends because they miss social cues. 4)have comorbid mood disorder diagnoses.

3

Chuck is put up for adoption as a child because his biological mother has schizophrenia. Given your knowledge of the role of genetics and the environment in schizophrenia, what is the likelihood that Chuck will develop schizophrenia? 1)Chuck is likely to develop schizophrenia, regardless of the environment. 2)Chuck is unlikely to develop schizophrenia, regardless of the environment. 3)If Chuck's adoptive family is psychologically healthy, he is unlikely to develop schizophrenia. 4)If Chuck's adoptive family lives in an urban environment, he will be less likely to develop schizophrenia.

3

Compared to the original approach to psychodynamic therapy, the most recent approach to psychodynamic therapy 1)lasts the same amount of time but focuses more on current relationships. 2)lasts the same amount of time but focuses on talking therapy. 3)takes less time and focuses more on current relationships. 4)takes less time but focuses more on early childhood experiences.

3

Counseling psychologists typically differ from clinical psychologists in that they 1)cannot prescribe drugs. 2)do not have a Ph.D. 3)are less likely to deal with the mentally ill. 4)work in hospital settings.

3

Dallas believes that he will never be successful or likable. His friends tell him that he is too hard on himself, yet his beliefs persist. Dallas would benefit most from ________ because his beliefs about himself are both negative and inaccurate. 1)applied behavior analysis 2)psychoanalysis 3)cognitive restructuring 4)client-centered therapy

3

Depression is said to be the common cold of mental disorders. If depression is the common cold, then persistent depressive disorder is 1)the flu. 2)a major disease such as cancer. 3)a constant runny nose. 4)a traumatic surgery.

3

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is 1)more common in males than females. 2)typically used as a justification for a crime. 3)usually connected to severe childhood abuse. 4)rarely seen with major depressive episode.

3

Dr. Fields is assessing a client for major depressive disorder. Although the client exhibits significant depressive symptoms, they do not meet all the requirements for the disorder. Dr. Fields determines that the client does not have major depressive disorder. Dr. Fields follows the ________ approach to psychological assessment. 1)dimensional 2)symptoms 3)categorical 4)diagnostic

3

Tom has been arrested more than 20 times for instigating fights and stealing cars. He has little empathy for his victims, and often jokes about his crimes. Tom would likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. 1)avoidant 2)borderline 3)antisocial 4)narcissistic

3

Dr. Ko is assessing a patient for a personality disorder. The patient has trouble functioning because she is a perfectionist, she preoccupies herself with trivial details, and she is stiff in social interactions. As a result, she has few close friends and is easily hurt or embarrassed. Dr. Ko is likely to diagnose her with a disorder in cluster ________, which includes ________ behavior. 1)A; odd or eccentric 2)B; dramatic, emotional, or erratic 3)C; anxious or fearful 4)B; anxious or fearful

3

Dr. Prajna treats patients with anxiety disorders. She uses an evidence-based approach to guide her therapeutic techniques and medication choices. Accordingly, she is most likely to use ________ to treat her patient's anxiety disorders. 1)anti-anxiety medications 2)antidepressants 3)cognitive-behavioral therapy 4)client-centered therapy

3

Dr. Suarez is assessing her client for an anxiety disorder. She asks her client if he is able to still go to work, run errands, and complete his necessary daily activities. Dr. Suarez is using these questions to asses which criteria of psychopathology? 1)If the behavior deviates from cultural norms. 2)If the behavior is personally distressing. 3)If the behavior is maladaptive. 4)If the behavior impairs social relationships.

3

Dr. Yep is conducting a randomized clinical trial examining whether Zeppo, a newly developed anxiolytic, is effective for reducing anxiety. In this study, the experimental group will be given 1)a placebo. 2)a different anxiolytic that has previously been established as effective. 3)the new drug, Zeppo. 4)the new drug, Zeppo, but they will be told that they are taking a placebo.

3

Ever since Raj was a child, his family has pushed him to become a doctor. This has always conflicted strongly with his own desire to pursue music and dance. As an adult, this conflict continues to cause severe distress as he relives these childhood experiences and has difficult interpersonal relationships within his family. Raj's problems might best be treated by ________ therapy. 1)client-centered 2)group 3)psychodynamic 4)exposure

3

How does modern electroconvulsive therapy differ from traditional electroconvulsive therapy? 1)It is now known as deep brain stimulation. 2)It uses short bursts of electricity that are repeated across the brain. 3)It occurs under anesthesia and is combined with muscle relaxants. 4)It uses less electricity so it no longer induces seizures.

3

If you were given an antipsychotic, you would expect it to 1)influence your emotions but not your disordered thinking. 2)have minimal long-term side effects. 3)reduce the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations. 4)reduce negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

3

In behavior therapy, an important aspect of treatment is ________, and this is called ________. 1)eliciting the undesirable behavior so it can be punished; classical conditioning 2)getting the patient to model the correct behavior; operant conditioning 3)reinforcing desired behaviors; behavior modification 4)getting the patient to recognize maladaptive behaviors; applied behavioral analysis

3

In most states, only people with a medical degree are allowed to 1)have a private practice. 2)conduct research. 3)prescribe medication. 4)work in a hospital.

3

In the current understanding of psychological disorders, ________ is thought to be a normal response to stress but is problematic when it is ________. 1)depression; severe 2)social anxiety; experienced with close friends and family 3)anxiety; experienced excessively in the absence of a true threat 4)panic; experienced more than once a week

3

In the short term, the most effective treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 1)structured behavioral treatment. 2)cognitive therapy. 3)stimulant medication. 4)applied behavioral analysis.

3

In therapy, Constanza explores how her role in the family affects how they treat her. She begins changing some of her interpersonal behaviors and now her parents treat her with more respect. Her therapist most likely takes a ________ approach to therapy. 1)cognitive 2)cultural 3)systems 4)client-centered

3

In trying to reduce your fear of heights, your therapist asks you to relax on a couch while you imagine slowly climbing up the steps of a ladder. She is using ________ therapy. 1)psychodynamic 2)rational-emotive 3)exposure 4)prolonged exposure

3

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder 1)are very responsive to treatment. 2)respond best to a combination of medication and psychotherapy. 3)tend to improve after age 40 without therapeutic intervention. 4)respond best to dialectical behavioral therapy.

3

Insomnia can be a symptom of 1)depression. 2)mania. 3)either depression or mania. 4)neither depression nor mania.

3

Jen is taking medication for her depression, and she moved to India this year. When she sees an Indian doctor for a medication refill, she is likely to say that she is experiencing ________ because ________. 1)depression; the symptoms of depression are similar around the world 2)depression; Indian culture is sympathetic to the problem of depression 3)strain and tension; being depressed carries a social stigma in India 4)strain and tension; Indian doctors do not see depression as a medical problem

3

Jenny is a 30-year-old executive who was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when she was in elementary school. Based on recent research, you would assume that 1)Jenny is unlikely to show ADHD symptoms as an adult. 2)Jenny's current symptoms will be misconstrued as an anxiety disorder. 3)Jenny most likely still shows symptoms of ADHD. 4)Jenny's childhood symptoms will have developed into more serious adult symptoms.

3

John is being treated with a biological therapy for a psychological disorder. His side effects include twitching muscles in his neck and face. John probably has ________ and is being treated with ________. 1)depression; a monoamine oxidase inhibitor 2)depression; transcranial magnetic stimulation 3)schizophrenia; a traditional antipsychotic 4)schizophrenia; deep brain stimulation

3

What do the alternative biological (nondrug) treatments for psychological disorders primarily have in common? 1)They all overemphasize the role of free will in recovery. 2)They all involve surgical techniques. 3)They all attempt to directly alter brain functioning. 4)They all depend on behaviorist principles.

3

Jonas and Yitzhak both have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Jonas is taking a stimulant medication, and Yitzhak is undergoing behavioral therapy. In three years, the boys will be tested for symptoms of the disorder. What are the most likely outcomes? 1)Both boys will show a significant reduction in symptoms that is maintained over time. 2)Jonas will be more likely to discontinue his therapy due to side effects. 3)Yitzhak will improve more slowly at first, but after three years he will exhibit fewer symptoms than Jonas. 4)Yitzhak will improve more quickly at first, but after three years he will exhibit more symptoms than Jonas.

3

Karen claims that multiple "people" with different personalities live inside her body. Each personality has a different voice, age, and set of interests. Which disorder is Karen most likely experiencing? 1)schizophrenia 2)dissociative fugue 3)dissociative identity disorder 4)dissociative amnesia

3

Karine completed a behavioral treatment for her spider phobia. From what you know about behavioral treatment for phobias, which was the most effective part of the treatment? 1)creating a fear hierarchy 2)undergoing relaxation training 3)being exposed to the feared object 4)experiencing hyperventilation

3

Longitudinal brain imaging studies indicate that in people with schizophrenia, 1)brain ventricles become smaller over time. 2)the temporal and occipital lobes show a dramatic increase in activity. 3)the amount of overall brain tissue is reduced. 4)both the amygdala and hippocampus become overactive.

3

Miguel woke up one morning in a strange hotel in Detroit. He has no memory of how he got there and cannot remember his name or where he is from. Miguel is most likely suffering from 1)dissociative amnesia. 2)schizophrenia. 3)dissociative fugue. 4)dissociative identity disorder.

3

One of your roommates comes from a rural area and the other one comes from an urban center. Does this affect their probability of ever experiencing a schizophrenic episode? 1)No; genetic factors tend to override environmental factors in schizophrenia. 2)Maybe; it depends entirely on the stress levels present in each environment. 3)Yes; the one from the urban area is at higher risk. 4)Yes; the one from the rural area is at higher risk.

3

People suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are 1)more likely to engage in violent behavior against others. 2)more likely to be male than female. 3)typically aware that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational. 4)typically diagnosed with the disorder in early childhood.

3

Psychologists use the term prognosis to refer to the 1)risk of developing the disorder. 2)likely cause of the disorder. 3)future course and probable outcome of the disorder. 4)accuracy of the diagnosis.

3

Ramos has symptoms of panic disorder and has been prescribed Xanax, a benzodiazepine. Due to the medication, he is most likely to have side effects such as 1)facial tics. 2)sexual dysfunction. 3)drowsiness. 4)white blood cell deficiency.

3

Renaldo is a young man who has been experiencing panic attacks and extreme social anxiety. Considering current trends in treatment for psychological disorders, you would expect that Renaldo will receive ________ because ________. 1)two types of biological therapy; they produce better effects when given together 2)biological therapy and inpatient care; removal from the family increases the speed of recovery 3)both biological therapy and psychotherapy; drugs can have an immediate impact, whereas psychotherapy can produce long-lasting behavioral changes 4)two forms of psychotherapy; each type of psychotherapy can focus on a specific problem

3

Researchers have found attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with volume reductions in the 1)hippocampus. 2)motor cortex. 3)basal ganglia. 4)cerebellum

3

Robin has had disruptive behavior problems since childhood, has shown signs of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and has had externalizing tendencies. According to the textbook, Robin is probably 1)American. 2)frequently in trouble with the law. 3)male. 4)female

3

Shanaia is taking a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and engaging in intensive, long-term therapy for her psychological disorder. The therapy emphasizes reducing self-harming behaviors, exploring past traumatic experiences, and developing self-respect. Assuming that this is an effective treatment for her disorder, Shanaia most likely has 1)severe depression. 2)antisocial personality disorder. 3)borderline personality disorder. 4)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

3

Speech in people with schizophrenia 1)is similar to the language of people with dissociative disorders. 2)is usually very simple, like the language of a 4-year-old. 3)can shift rapidly between topics with no apparent logic. 4)is typically delayed in its development by about five years.

3

Strong evidence suggests that borderline personality disorder is 1)primarily genetically determined. 2)primarily environmentally determined. 3)associated with a history of trauma or abuse. 4)primarily due to specific child-mother patterns of behavior.

3

Talisa is a college student and is seeking mental health services on her campus. She will most likely be seen by a(n) 1)school psychiatrist. 2)educational psychologist. 3)counseling psychologist. 4)psychiatric social worker.

3

The best treatment for individuals with borderline personality disorder is 1)a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and an antipsychotic. 2)inpatient cognitive-behavioral therapy. 3)dialectical behavior therapy. 4)mindfulness therapy.

3

The development of anxiety disorders can be linked to which of the following? 1)misinterpreting positive situations as threatening 2)an introverted temperament in childhood 3)an inhibited temperament in childhood 4)difficulty learning positive associations to situations

3

The diathesis-stress model of mental disorders argues that 1)stress is the primary cause of mental disorders. 2)trauma is the primary cause of mental disorders. 3)factors that impair our ability to cope with stress are the primary cause of mental disorders. 4)genetics are the primary cause of mental disorders.

3

The major benefit of ________ for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children is ________. 1)drug treatments; increased long-term outcomes 2)drug treatments; minimal side effects 3)behavior therapy; increased long-term outcomes 4)behavior therapy; increased short-term outcomes

3

What is different about the approach of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the approach of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)? 1)The DSM focuses on observable symptoms, whereas RDoC focuses on unobservable symptoms. 2)The DSM defines disorders by category, whereas RDoC defines disorders on a spectrum. 3)The DSM focuses on diagnostic categories, whereas RDoC focuses on domains of functioning. 4)The DSM describes symptoms of disorders, whereas RDoC describes appropriate treatments for those symptoms.

3

What is the lifetime risk that Jamie will develop schizophrenia if both of his biological parents have the disorder? 1)7-14 percent 2)10-20 percent 3)40-50 percent 4)0-10 percent

3

What is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe depression? 1)antidepressant medication only 2)cognitive-behavioral therapy only 3)antidepressants combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy 4)antidepressants combined with cognitive therapy

3

When Dr. Myelin evaluates people for a psychological disorder, she focuses on the abnormalities in their bodily processes and how they feel as a result. Dr. Myelin most likely follows a ________ approach to treating psychological disorders. 1)psychotherapy 2)psychodynamic 3)biological therapies 4)cognitive and behavioral therapies

3

When a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder takes Ritalin, it 1)has no effect on positive behaviors but decreases negative behaviors. 2)increases positive behaviors but has no effect on negative behaviors. 3)increases positive behaviors and decreases negative behaviors. 4)reduces both positive and negative behaviors.

3

When an anxiolytic is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, 1)the brain is permanently rewired to reduce the anxiety. 2)the client fares better in the long term than with other treatments. 3)the anxiety is alleviated for a short period of time. 4)the side effects are worse than the anxiety itself.

3

When animals are unable to escape from an aversive situation, they show symptoms similar to 1)generalized anxiety disorder. 2)specific phobia. 3)major depressive disorders. 4)borderline personality disorder.

3

Which disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted interests? 1)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 2)generalized anxiety disorder 3)autism spectrum disorder 4)avoidant personality disorder

3

Which of the following accurately describes evidence supporting those who believe dissociative identity disorder (DID) is typically a faked disorder? 1)People only started developing DID after a highly visible court case in 2009. 2)Therapists often encourage patients to report fake symptoms of DID in order to win court cases. 3)DID is often diagnosed after someone has been arrested for a crime. 4)Most people who report having DID had easy and unproblematic childhoods, which makes developing the disorder highly unlikely.

3

Which of the following accurately summarizes the research on brain activity and the placebo effect? 1)Placebo treatments, unlike active treatments, do not change brain activity. 2)Placebo and active treatments both change brain activity, but they change different brain regions. 3)Placebo and active treatments are associated with similar changes in brain activity. 4)Placebo effects are subjective, and thus cannot be investigated with brain imaging.

3

Which of the following adolescents would be most likely to experience suicidal thinking during treatment? 1)Tammy, who is taking a tricyclic 2)Jahangir, who is in cognitive-behavioral therapy 3)Juan, who is taking Prozac 4)Lee, who is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor

3

Which of the following behavioral characteristics distinguishes antisocial personality disorder from other personality disorders? 1)The person has a weak sense of self and does not like to be alone. 2)The person shifts rapidly from one mood or emotion to another without any obvious reason. 3)The person is uncaring and exploitative of others, with little obvious guilt. 4)The person struggles with chronic feelings of emptiness and engages in self-mutilating behaviors.

3

Which of the following best describes the long-term results of Barlow's study comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and an antidepressant for treating panic disorder? 1)Both showed equal positive effects. 2)The drug was more effective. 3)Cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective. 4)Neither treatment showed long-term effectiveness.

3

Which of the following best supports the idea that obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to operant conditioning? 1)Tom's brother never locks doors, so he checks the locks compulsively to be as different as possible from his brother. 2)Tom sees his mother compulsively check the door locks, so he also engages in the same behavior. 3)Tom experiences relief whenever he checks the locks, so he checks the locks whenever he is anxious. 4)Tom believes that checking the lock compulsively will keep his family safe.

3

Which of the following biological treatments shows the most promise for improving social functioning in autism spectrum disorder? 1)lithium 2)anti-anxiety medications 3)oxytocin injections 4)SSRIs

3

Which of the following criteria is used in determining if a behavior represents psychopathology? 1)The behavior deviates from family expectations. 2)The behavior is illegal. 3)The behavior is considered maladaptive. 4)The behavior is odd or unusual.

3

Which of the following disorders is probably LEAST disruptive to daily life? 1)panic disorder 2)generalized anxiety disorder 3)specific phobia 4)obsessive-compulsive disorder

3

Which of the following disorders shows the largest gender differences? 1)schizophrenia 2)obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 3)generalized anxiety disorder 4)bipolar disorder

3

Which of the following distinguishes bipolar I from bipolar II disorder? 1)whether the person experiences episodes of elevated mood 2)whether the person is comorbid with another disorder 3)the severity of the impairments to daily life that result from manic episodes 4)whether there are any impairments to daily life or functioning

3

Which of the following experiences is a symptom of a panic attack? 1)feeling sad 2)feeling irritable 3)feeling like you are going crazy or dying 4)feeling extremely tired

3

Which of the following findings best supports the sociocultural model of psychological disorders? 1)Genetic factors can influence the level of neurotransmitters and how their reception sites function. 2)Case studies like that of Little Albert show that phobias can be conditioned in children. 3)Disorders like schizophrenia are more common among people in lower socioeconomic classes. 4)Positron emission tomography (PET) scans show that some brain regions function differently in people with mental disorders.

3

Which of the following is a clear biological mechanism related to antisocial personality disorder? 1)an enlarged amygdala 2)overactive frontal lobes 3)reduced overall arousal 4)overproduction of dopamine

3

Which of the following is a known environmental influence on schizophrenia? 1)number of siblings in the family 2)age of mother at time of conception 3)season in which you were born 4)whether it is a single or two-parent household

3

Which of the following is a major difference between transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS)? 1)TMS requires surgery whereas DBS does not. 2)TMS uses magnetic currents to create a seizure whereas DBS does not. 3)DBS requires surgery whereas TMS does not. 4)DBS uses magnetic currents to create a seizure whereas TMS does not.

3

Which of the following is accurate regarding biological factors and depression? 1)The genetic component for depression is equal to that of bipolar and schizophrenia. 2)There is a clear understanding of how neurotransmitters relate to depression. 3)Medications that both increase and reduce serotonin can alleviate depression. 4)Major depressive disorder has been linked to a single monoamine.

3

Which of the following people with schizophrenia would you expect to have the best prognosis? 1)Klaus, a male who lives in Germany and who developed the disorder as a child 2)Jalisa, who is from the United States and developed the disorder as a child 3)Safia, who lives in Indonesia and developed the disorder later in life 4)Roberto, who lives in Canada and developed the disorder later in life

3

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between gender and depression? 1)Contrary to popular opinion, gender and depression are not related. 2)Men are slightly more likely than women to experience depression. 3)Women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. 4)Women are five times as likely as men to experience depression.

3

Which of the following therapy techniques would be most effective in encouraging an autistic child to make appropriate eye contact with a therapist? 1)play therapy, where the autistic child could first see eye contact modeled with dolls 2)behavioral modeling, where the autistic child could watch as an adult and a nonautistic child modeled eye contact 3)reinforcement with food, where a therapist could give a small food reward each time the autistic child made appropriate eye contact 4)family therapy, where the therapist could work with the child and their parents to improve nonverbal communication

3

Which personality disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy and remorse? 1)histrionic personality 2)borderline personality 3)antisocial personality 4)paranoid personality

3

Which type of dissociative disorder is characterized by the subjective experience of two or more distinct identities in an individual? 1)dissociative amnesia 2)dissociative fugue 3)dissociative identity disorder 4)schizophrenia

3

You just started college and are having a difficult time transitioning from your life at home to your new life away at school. If you want to reduce this stress, you may seek out a 1)clinical psychologist. 2)psychiatrist. 3)counseling psychologist. 4)psychiatric social worker.

3

ed has severe schizophrenia. Compared to people with milder cases of schizophrenia, neuroimaging of Ted's brain would reveal that his 1)amygdala is enlarged. 2)corpus callosum is abnormally thick. 3)brain volume is clearly reduced. 4)ventricles are oddly shaped.

3

n terms of alternative therapies for depression, some patients with depression respond to ________, whereas for patients with severe and difficult-to-treat depression, ________ can be very helpful. 1)regular aerobic exercise; twice-daily doses of St. John's Wort 2)changes in diet; rebirthing techniques 3)regular aerobic exercise; electroconvulsive therapy 4)changes in diet; primal scream therapy

3

Dr. Jahangir's patient is depressed following a recent divorce. Dr. Jahangir believes that the patient's childhood abuse predisposed her to overreact to negative life events, like her divorce, which then led to her severe depression. Dr. Jahangir most likely agrees with the ________ of psychological disorders. 1)sociocultural model 2)family systems model 3)cognitive-behavioral approach 4)diathesis-stress model

4

A cognitive therapist would be most successful with which of the following clients? 1)Jan, a woman who believes that she is being followed by aliens 2)Jordan, a woman who falsely believes that she is president of the United States 3)Jouma, a narcissist who believes that others are worthless and that her needs are most important 4)Jamala, a woman who believes that she is worthless and unlovable

4

A famous comedian refuses to shake hands whenever he meets someone because he fears catching a disease from them. The behavior of not shaking hands is a(n) ________ and the belief that he will catch a disease is a(n) ________. 1)compulsion; obsession 2)obsession; compulsion 3)compulsion; compulsion 4)obsession; obsession

4

A friend of yours is having serious mental health problems, and you recommend that he see a therapist. What factor is the LEAST important to consider when making a recommendation? 1)the type of therapy that the therapist uses 2)the therapist's qualifications to treat that disorder 3)whether the therapist can prescribe drugs 4)the therapist's degree and title

4

A friend reports that he is constructing a fear hierarchy regarding his fear of heights for use in his next therapy session. He is likely suffering from 1)generalized anxiety disorder. 2)obsessive-compulsive disorder. 3)depression. 4)a specific phobia.

4

A mental health provider is determining treatment for two patients. Patient A has schizophrenia and is being referred to a psychiatrist. Patient B has a mild eating disorder and is being referred to a clinical psychologist. Patient A will likely receive ________ treatment, and Patient B will likely receive ________ treatment. 1)psychotherapy; biological therapy 2)cognitive therapy; biological therapy 3)biological therapy; cognitive therapy 4)biological therapy; psychotherapy

4

A new patient is exhibiting symptoms of dissociative identity disorder (DID). You are skeptical of their claims and want to test whether they are really experiencing this disorder. What question should you ask him? 1)whether he has ever been diagnosed with another dissociative disorder 2)whether any genetic relative has been diagnosed with a dissociative disorder 3)whether he experiences any of the well-publicized symptoms of the disorder 4)whether he is ashamed or feels overwhelmed by his symptoms

4

A therapist, Dr. Johannson, is writing a diagnosis for her patient, Sarah, who suffers from anxiety. If Dr. Johannson believes in the dimensional nature of psychopathology, she would be most likely to write that 1)Sarah is experiencing the symptoms of an anxiety disorder. 2)Sarah's anxiety is normal and thus does not warrant a diagnosis. 3)Sarah's anxiety passes the threshold and should be considered a disorder. 4)Sarah is at the extreme end of the anxiety spectrum.

4

According to the textbook, which of the following is the clearest evidence that classifying mental disorders into categories is problematic? 1)There are too many different types of professionals who assign categorical diagnoses. 2)Categorical diagnoses cause people to avoid taking responsibility for their problems. 3)Assigning categorical diagnoses can increase stigma and discrimination. 4)Patient symptoms and behaviors rarely fit into precise diagnostic categories.

4

All of the following people were diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 20. Who would you expect to have the best prognosis? 1)Slim, a man who lives in a developed country 2)Hassim, a man who lives in a developing country 3)Shauna, a woman who lives in a developed country 4)Sariyah, a woman who lives in a developing country

4

As a child, Willey was awkward in social situations and typically responded with extreme negative emotions. Kids teased him for his strange facial expressions and odd behaviors. These early behaviors increase the likelihood that he will be diagnosed with ________ as an adult. 1)social anxiety disorder 2)substance use disorder 3)bipolar disorder 4)schizophrenia

4

Autism spectrum disorder shares some symptoms and genetic mutations with which adult disorder? 1)antisocial personality disorder 2)bipolar disorder 3)social anxiety disorder 4)schizophrenia

4

Based on longitudinal research, which of the following children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is likely to have the best treatment outcome after three years? 1)Randy, who is taking stimulant medications 2)John, who is receiving cognitive therapy and stimulant medication 3)Hamid, who is receiving academic tutoring and cognitive therapy 4)Soren, who is receiving behavioral therapy

4

Dr. Black is assessing a new patient. The patient rarely responds to questions, does not make eye contact, and speaks in a flat and unemotional voice. Dr. Black will likely diagnose his patient with ________ based on ________. 1)antisocial personality disorder; positive symptoms 2)antisocial personality disorder; negative symptoms 3)schizophrenia; positive symptoms 4)schizophrenia; negative symptoms

4

Dr. Ramos specializes in adolescent depression and often treats her patients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). If she would like to add a treatment component that has been shown to improve outcomes for adolescents on Prozac, she should recommend ________ therapy. 1)dialectical behavior 2)client-centered group 3)psychodynamic 4)cognitive-behavioral

4

Essie is seven months pregnant when she experiences a severe depressive episode. Which biological treatment will her doctor most likely prescribe? 1)monoamine oxidase inhibitors 2)bupropion 3)tricyclics 4)electroconvulsive therapy

4

Floyd has volatile relationships with close friends. Most people view Floyd as emotionally unstable, and he has threatened to commit suicide a number of times. Floyd would probably be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. 1)narcissistic 2)obsessive-compulsive 3)dependent 4)borderline

4

For most anxiety disorders, evidence supports ________ as the most effective treatment. 1)the use of antianxiety medication 2)client-centered therapy 3)client-centered therapy combined with anti-anxiety medication 4)cognitive-behavioral therapy

4

In 1968, a schizophrenia patient would probably have been given________. In 2000, that same patient would probably be given ________. 1)haloperidol; chlorpromazine 2)Risperdal; clozapine 3)clozapine; haloperidol 4)haloperidol; clozapine

4

In order to make the most accurate diagnoses, Dr. Balsis routinely updates his assessment methods based on the most recent clinical research studies. Dr. Balsis follows the ________ approach to clinical evaluation. 1)research-based assessment 2)projective 3)neuropsychological 4)evidence-based assessment

4

In some cultures, it is more acceptable to say a person is experiencing "strain and tension" than to say the person "is depressed." Accordingly, it is likely that these cultures probably have 1)increased awareness of mental health issues. 2)more people with serious psychological disorders. 3)better resources to deal with strain and tension within the community. 4)stigma attached to psychological disorders.

4

In summarizing the research on autism spectrum disorder, you should conclude that ________ have shown the most promise. 1)biological treatments 2)cognitive therapies 3)brain stimulation protocols 4)behavioral therapies

4

Jacob has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). His main symptoms include difficulty paying attention and lack of behavioral control. Jacob's symptoms are similar to those who have damage to their 1)amygdala. 2)hippocampus. 3)hypothalamus. 4)frontal lobes.

4

Jeremy thinks he has generalized anxiety disorder. He does not have a lot of money, is in need of social support, and desires a structured therapy setting. Jeremy's best choice for therapy would be ________ therapy. 1)psychodynamic 2)cognitive 3)client-centered 4)group

4

Leen has been experiencing extreme anxiety in any social situation. She started using alcohol and recreational drugs to cope with her anxiety. Leen is exhibiting 1)multidiagnosis. 2)cross-diagnoses. 3)interactive symptoms. 4)comorbidity.

4

Malcolm (age 10) often wets the bed at night. His brother, John (age 3), has difficulty controlling his emotions and often has temper tantrums. Given only this information, which child is most likely to have a neurodevelopmental disorder? 1)both 2)neither 3)Malcolm, but not John 4)John, but not Malcolm

4

Mary is receiving dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. What will the first stage of her treatment involve? 1)Mary's therapist will ask her to keep a diary documenting all her dysfunctional behaviors for at least one week. 2)Mary's therapist will help her develop self-respect and skills for independent problem solving. 3)Mary's therapist will focus on her past traumatic experiences. 4)Mary's therapist will focus on replacing her most dysfunctional behaviors with more adaptive ones.

4

Michale is seeing a psychologist because his parents are concerned he has an Internet addiction. He stays up for days at a time playing online and ignoring everyone around him. During his assessment, his psychologist will mainly rely on the section of the DSM-5 that focuses on 1)etiology. 2)specific diagnostic criteria. 3)established intervention. 4)conditions in need of additional research.

4

Prozac is an effective treatment for depression because it mainly increases the availability of ________ by ________. 1)dopamine; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks dopamine down 2)dopamine; inhibiting dopamine reuptake 3)serotonin; inhibiting an enzyme that breaks serotonin down 4)serotonin; inhibiting serotonin reuptake

4

Psychiatrists are unique among mental health professionals in that they 1)can establish a private practice. 2)have two separate advanced degrees in psychology. 3)use only a biological treatment approach. 4)have a degree in medicine.

4

Rates of autism spectrum disorder have recently 1)decreased because many children with the disorder remain undiagnosed. 2)decreased because physicians are reluctant to negatively label children. 3)increased because environmental factors have led to an actual increase in cases. 4)increased because doctors now recognize and diagnose milder cases.

4

Sam has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from a traumatic childhood event. Sam takes part in a study in which he is shown pictures associated with the traumatic event while a brain scan is being done. Sam's brain will likely show heightened activation in the 1)hippocampus. 2)reticular formation. 3)cerebellum. 4)amygdala.

4

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive-behavioral therapy have both been found to be effective in treating social phobias. Why should cognitive-behavioral therapy be preferred to SSRIs? 1)Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more cost-effective. 2)Cognitive-behavioral therapy is associated with a higher rate of relapse. 3)SSRIs have some disagreeable side effects, such as increased anxiety symptoms. 4)SSRIs have some disagreeable side effects, such as sexual dysfunction.

4

Suicide is the ________ leading cause of death among adolescents. This statistic suggests that treatment with ________, while controversial, still shows more benefits than risks. 1)second; dialectical behavior therapy 2)second; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 3)third; dialectical behavior therapy 4)third; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

4

What is the difference between psychological testing and neuropsychological testing? 1)Psychological testing involves answering questions about mental health functioning, whereas neuropsychological testing involves brain imaging. 2)Psychological testing involves answering questions about mental health functioning, whereas neuropsychological testing involves getting a medical exam. 3)Psychological testing involves performing tasks that may reveal problems in brain functioning, whereas neuropsychological testing involves brain imaging. 4)Psychological testing involves answering questions about mental health functioning, whereas neuropsychological testing involves performing tasks that may reveal problems in brain functioning.

4

Which of the following accurately supports the idea that autism spectrum disorder is a biological disorder? 1)The concordance rate for the disorder is the same for identical and fraternal twins. 2)Research on autism and mirror neuron functioning has shown inconsistent findings. 3)Some children with the diagnosis have abnormal amounts of antibodies in their blood, in contrast to children without the diagnosis. 4)The brains of children with the diagnosis do not appear to develop normally during adolescence.

4

Which of the following anxiety disorders are most similar? 1)specific phobia and generalized anxiety disorder 2)generalized anxiety disorder and agoraphobia 3)agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder 4)social anxiety disorder and specific phobia

4

Which of the following are all symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? 1)intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and excessive worry 2)flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, and panic attacks 3)flashbacks, panic attacks, and guilt 4)nightmares, flashbacks, and intrusive thoughts

4

Which of the following do contemporary psychodynamic therapists focus on with their clients? 1)the relationship between the client and their current spouse 2)cognitive distortions 3)social skills training 4)recurring themes and patterns in thoughts and feelings

4

Which of the following is a characteristic of borderline personality disorder? 1)self-absorbed 2)seductive behavior 3)dishonest 4)emotional instability

4

Which of the following is a limitation of psychodynamic therapy? 1)The empirical evidence supports its effectiveness for adults but not children. 2)It is helpful for treating personality disorders but not anxiety or mood disorders. 3)It is helpful for treating anxiety and mood disorders but not schizophrenia. 4)The empirical evidence supporting its effectiveness is weak.

4

Which of the following is accurate regarding individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? 1)They interpret positive stimuli as threatening. 2)They are unlikely to develop other health problems. 3)They have repressed memories. 4)They report memory and attention problems in their daily lives.

4

Which of the following is true about neurodevelopmental disorders? 1)They must affect all aspects of a child's life. 2)They are diagnosed in childhood but progress into adulthood. 3)They are diagnosed in childhood but do not progress into adulthood. 4)They represent deviance from normal development.

4

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? 1)Once a person is aware that his or her obsessions and compulsions are irrational, treatment is easy. 2)There are no gender differences in OCD. 3)OCD has been linked to classical but not operant conditioning. 4)OCD is developed and reinforced through both classical and operant conditioning.

4

Your therapist has a Ph.D. and is helping you with a substance abuse problem. Your therapist is most likely a 1)paraprofessional. 2)psychiatrist. 3)psychiatric social worker. 4)clinical psychologist.

4

Zarina thinks she can talk to spirits that no one else can see. She sometimes channels the spirits so they can talk with living people. Zarina 1)is suffering from dissociative identity disorder. 2)is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. 3)is showing behavior that is both personally distressing and maladaptive. 4)may be doing something normal, depending on her cultural background and beliefs.

4

________ is best treated with medication. Unfortunately, motivation to take the drugs is low because ________. 1)Depression; people with depression are often too apathetic to take their medication 2)Depression; the potential benefit is not worth the damaging side effects 3)Bipolar disorder; they are so expensive that almost no one can afford them 4)Bipolar disorder; aspects of the disorder are pleasurable

4