Practice Test 2- Medical Terminology

All of the following suffixes mean pertaining to EXCEPT:

-or. The suffix -or means person or thing that produces or does.

Which diagnostic procedure is used to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage?

EMG Electromyography uses electricity to diagnose muscle disease or nerve damage.

Muscles get their names from their:

Locatio, size and shape. Muscle names are derived from their shape (deltoid), their size (gluteus maximus), their location (frontalis muscle), and other factors.

Osteocytes is a general category that includes

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are two types of osteocytes.

The patient had an arthroplasty of his hip. Which is an abbreviation for this surgery?

THR THR means total hip replacement: removing the hip joint and replacing it with a prosthesis.

The masseter muscle is used for:

The masseter muscle is used for: The masseter muscle is in the jaw.

Which is the characteristic symptom of myasthenia gravis?

abnormal fatigue involving skeletal muscles This condition shows abnormal fatigue from the body's inability to produce sustained muscle contractions.

The neurotransmitter that initiates muscle contraction is:

acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction.

Pain in the joints is known as:

arthralgia. Arthralgia is pain in the joint caused by injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes.

Which is a surgical procedure performed to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint?

arthrodesis Arthr/o- means joint and -desis means procedure to fuse together.

The inability to coordinate voluntary movements, as found in someone with cerebral palsy, is known as:

ataxia. A- means without and tax/o- means coordination.

In hemarthrosis, the combining form hem/o- means:

blood. Hemarthrosis is an abnormal condition of blood in the joint.

Osseous tissue pertains to:

bone. Osseous (AW-see-us), osse/o- means bone and -ous means pertaining to.

Abnormally slow skeletal muscle movements associated with Parkinson's disease are known as:

bradykinesia. Bradykinesia indicates slow movements or a decrease in the number of spontaneous movements. Brady- means slow.

Which condition is known as housemaid's knee?

bursitis Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursal sac because of repetitive muscular activity or pressure on the bone underneath the bursa.

The spongy bone at the end of a long bone is also known as:

cancellous bone. Cancellous means pertaining to a lattice structure, rather than solid bone.

The pectoralis major muscle is located in the:

chest. Pector/o- means chest.

Which is a benign tumor of the cartilage?

chondroma Chondr/o- means cartilage and -oma means tumor or mass.

What disease can be described as a softening of the cartilage of the kneecap?

chondromalacia patellae Chondr/o- means cartilage, malac/o- means softening, and -ia means condition. Patellae refers to the kneecap (patella).

Which is the medical word for the tailbone?

coccyx The coccyx is a group of several small, fused vertebrae below the sacrum.

Which type of fracture involves a bone that is crushed into several pieces?

comminuted fracture Comminut/o- means break into minute pieces and -ed means pertaining to.

Which is a fracture in which the bone is crushed into several pieces?

compression Comminut/o- means break into minute pieces.

The abbreviation DIP means:

distal interphalangeal joint. The distal interphalangeal joint is in the phalanges (fingers or toes).

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or two body parts is known as:

flexion. Plantar flexion of the foot causes the toe to point downward. Dorsiflexion of the foot causes the toe to point upward.

The large muscle of the buttocks that one sits on is the:

gluteus maximus. The glutus maximus forms the buttocks.

The common term for kyphosis is:

humpback. Kyph/o- means bent; humpbacked.

The nucleus pulposis is located:

inside an intervertebral disk. The nucleus pulposis is the gelatinous substance inside each intervertebral disk.

Myoclonus is characterized by muscle:

jerking. My/o- means muscle and -clonus means condition of rapid contracting and relaxing.

In an operative report for a patient with chondromalacia patellae, which anatomical structure is sure to be mentioned? elbow

kneecap The patella is the medical word for the kneecap.

The bones that form a synovial joint are held together by:

ligaments. Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous tissue that hold bone ends together in a synovial joint.

Which section of the vertebrae is located in the lower back?

lumbar The lumbar vertebrae in the lower back are larger than the cervical or thoracic vertebrae because they bear the weight of the entire head, neck, and trunk of the body.

Fractures that are allowed to heal without treatment might show:

malalignment. The fracture fragments might not be in alignment when they heal.

The patient had arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint to repair a torn:

meniscus. The meniscus is the crescent-shaped cartilage located in some synovial joints, such as the knee.

Which is a painful, but temporary, condition characterized by a sudden, severe, involuntary, and prolonged contracture of a muscle, usually in the legs?

muscle spasm A muscle spasm is also known as a muscle cramp.

Bone cells that eat away old or damaged bone, releasing calcium into the bloodstream, are called:

osteoclasts. Oste/o- means bone; -clast means break down.

If you point your toe like a ballet dancer, you would be doing which movement?

plantar flexion Plantar refers to the bottom of the foot.

Which is the medical word for the lower arm bone that lies on the thumb side of the forearm?

radius The distal end of the radius connects to the bones of the wrist on the thumb side of the forearm.

Moving a body part around on its axis is known as

rotation

School children are routinely tested for signs of:

scoliosis. Scoliosis is a congenital S-shaped curvature of the spine in children.

Which type of muscle is involuntary and nonstriated?

smooth Smooth muscle forms a continuous thin layer in various organs and structures.

All of the following are facial bones EXCEPT:

sphenoid. The sphenoid bone is not a facial bone; it is a cranial bone.

Which is a treatment for severe scoliosis of the spine?

spinal fusion Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine. A spinal fusion can stabilize the curvature.

Which of the following bones of the chest is also known as the breast bone?

sternum The rib, clavicle, and thorax are parts of the chest; the sternum is the breast bone.

The hinge-type and ball-and-socket joints are examples of ____________ joints.

synovial Synovial joints are fully moveable joints that have a joint capsule and a synovial membrane.

Lateral epicondylitis is a repetitive strain injury known as:

tennis elbow. The lateral epicondyle is a bony projection on the side of the humerus where tendons of the extensor and supinator muscles originate.

Maximus is a word that means

the largest one of a group.

The anatomical name for the shin bone is the:

tibia. The shin bone in the lower leg is the tibia.

Painful contracture of the muscles on one side of the neck is known as:

torticollis. Torticollis is also known as wryneck.

Skeletal muscles are also known as ____________ muscles.

voluntary The skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that move in response to conscious thought.

Intra-articular means:

within the joint. An intra-articular injection of cortisone is placed within the joint.