Praxis 5005 Form 3

Which of the following is true about the formation of a covalent bond? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. A covalent bond forms when electrons are shared between two atoms. B. A covalent bond forms when one atom donates protons to another atom. C. A covalent bond forms when two negatively charged atoms become attached to each other. D. A covalent bond forms when the neutrons of one atom fuse with the neutrons of another atom.

A. A covalent bond forms when electrons are shared b/w two atoms

Which of the following molecules is a product of cellular respiration and is used for energy transfer in cells? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. ATP B. Carbon dioxide C. Oxygen D. Water

A. ATP ATP is a small molecule that stores and transports chemical energy in cells. Cellular respiration is a multistep process in cells that uses chemical energy stored in glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP

Which of the following is an important function of the digestive system? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Absorbing nutrients into the body B. Transporting signals to and from different parts of the body C. Providing structural support for the body D. Protecting the body from ultraviolet radiation

A. Absorbing nutrients into the body

An animal is found to have the following characteristics: It has a backbone and soft, moist skin that is covered by a slippery layer of mucus. It goes through complete metamorphosis in its life cycle, and it lives part of its life in water and part of its life on land. To which of the following groups does the animal most likely belong? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Amphibians B. Insects C. Mammals D. Reptiles

A. Amphibians The characteristics presented are typical of frogs. Frogs belong to the class Amphibia, which also includes toads and salamanders.

The process by which a gas becomes a liquid is called A. Condensation B. Freezing C. Melting D. Reduction

A. Condensation

Which THREE of the following types of household waste are most likely to be accepted by a curbside recycling program? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. Dry newspaper B. Clean aluminum cans C. Rinsed glass jars D. Food-soiled waxed paper

A. Dry Newspaper B. Clean aluminum cans C. Rinsed glass jars

A neutral atom becomes a positive ion when it loses one or more Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. electrons B. neutrons C. protons D. nuclei

A. Electrons a neutral atom becomes a positive ion when it loses one or more electrons which allows the ion have more positive charges than negative

Which of the following processes in a plant's life cycle involves the emergence of leaves and roots from a seed? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Germination B. Fertilization C. Pollination D. Flowering

A. Germination Germination is the development of the first roots and shoots from a seed after a period of dormancy. The process of germination results in a seedling

Which of the following elements are most abundant in the Sun? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Hydrogen and helium B. Oxygen and carbon C. Nitrogen and phosphorus D. Uranium and plutonium

A. Hydrogen and helium Sun is approximately 99.9% hydrogen and helium.

As a rock begins tumbling down a hillside, most of its gravitational potential energy is converted into Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. kinetic energy B. thermal energy C. chemical energy D. nuclear energy

A. Kinetic Energy (energy of motion)

During a total solar eclipse, the Moon is in which of the following phases? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. New Moon B. First-quarter Moon C. Full Moon D. Third-quarter Moon

A. New Moon a total solar eclipse occurs when the moon is b/w earth and the sun

In which of the following types of power plants would the normal generation of electricity most likely produce the least amount of carbon dioxide gas? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Nuclear-fueled B. Coal-fueled C. Natural gas-fueled D. Oil-fueled

A. Nuclear-fueled Under normal operation, nuclear power plants release only water vapor from cooling towers. In contrast, the other types of power plants rely on the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity, which results in the release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide gas.

Which of the following conditions is required for the rapid replenishment of an aquifer? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Permeable soil B. Steeply sloped land C. Direct sunlight D. High atmospheric pressure

A. Permeable soil Aquifers are underground layers of porous rock that hold groundwater. Water removed from an aquifer can be replenished naturally by the infiltration of precipitation into the ground, a process that occurs rapidly when the subsurface soil is permeable

Which THREE of the following are generally acceptable rules for laboratory activities? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. Students should wash their hands after mixing chemicals in the laboratory. B. Students should inform the teacher immediately of any accidents or spills in the laboratory. C. Students should use cracked glassware only when the teacher is in the laboratory. D. Students should read instructions thoroughly before performing laboratory procedures.

A. Students should wash their hands after mixing chemicals in the lab B. Students should inform the teacher immediately of any accidents or spills in the laboratory C. Students should read instructions thoroughly before performing lab procedures

In which of the following layers of Earth's atmosphere does most weather occur? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The troposphere, the layer closest to Earth's surface B. The stratosphere, the layer just above the troposphere C. The mesosphere, the layer just above the stratosphere D. The exosphere, the layer farthest from Earth's surface

A. The troposphere, the layer closest to Earth's surface the troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and contains approx. 75% of the mass of the atmosphere

Which of the following is a primary function of plant roots? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Transporting seeds away from a plant B. Anchoring the plant body to the ground C. Transferring pollen between flowers D. Absorbing sunlight for photosynthesis

B. Anchoring the plant body to the ground Anchoring the plant to the ground is an important function of plant roots. Other functions of plant roots include absorbing water, storing nutrients, and forming new plants via vegetative reproduction

Two black mice have a litter that contains some black offspring and some brown offspring. In mice, black fur is dominant to brown fur. Which of the following best explains the presence of the brown offspring? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. One parent was homozygous for black fur (uppercase B uppercase B)(BB), and one was heterozygous for black fur (uppercase B lowercase b)(Bb). B. Both parents were heterozygous for black fur (uppercase B lowercase b)(Bb). C. Both parents were homozygous for brown fur Both parents were homozygous for brown fur (lowercase b lowercase b)(bb). D. Both parents were homozygous for black fur (uppercase B uppercase B)(BB).

B. Both parents were heterozygous for black fur (Bb) Both parents must have been heterozygous for black fur (Bb) because the brown offspring (bb) must have inherited a recessive allele (b) from each parent

Which THREE of the following statements about DNA are true? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. DNA is a major source of cellular energy. B. DNA stores and transmits genetic information. C. DNA molecules have a double helix structure. D. DNA is found in animal cells but not bacterial cells. E. DNA is packaged into structures called chromosomes.

B. DNA stores and transmits genetic information C. DNA molecules have a double helix structure E. DNA is packaged into structures called chromosomes

Which of the following systems is responsible for the production of hormones? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Immune B. Endocrine C. Digestive D. Skeletal

B. Endocrine the endocrine system includes glands that produce, store, and secrete hormones, which are carried by the circulatory system to target tissues

The scientific name for a domestic cat is Felis catus. Which of the following classification levels is indicated by the first part of the scientific name? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Order B. Genus C. Family D. Kingdom

B. Genus In binomial nomenclature, the first term refers to the genus, and the genus and specific epithet together define the species. Felis is the name of the genus that includes some small and medium cat species, including the domestic cat, Felis catus.

Which of the following scientists did pioneering research on the properties of radioactive elements? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Isaac Newton B. Marie Curie C. Nicolaus Copernicus D. Charles Darwin

B. Marie Curie Marie and Pierre Curie discovered the radioactive elements polonium and radium. Marie investigated the properties of radioactive elements and their compounds

In a demonstration of the Doppler effect, an observer who is standing still will most likely hear a sound's pitch increase when the source of the sound does which of the following? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Remains motionless B. Moves toward the observer C. Moves away from the observer D. Revolves in a circle around the observer

B. Moves toward the observe

Which of the following best describes the approximate length of time it takes Earth to rotate once about its axis? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. One hour B. One day C. One month D. One year

B. One Day

Which of the following demonstrations provides the best opportunity for students to gain an understanding of why the Sun appears larger than other stars, even though many stars are actually larger than the Sun? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Positioning two lit bulbs of the same size on opposite sides of an observer but at the same distance from the observer B. Positioning two lit bulbs of the same size at different distances from an observer C. Positioning a large lit bulb and a small lit bulb at the same distance from an observer D. Positioning a large lit bulb close to an observer and a small lit bulb far from the same observer

B. Positioning two lit bulbs of the same size at different distances from an observer The bulb positioned closer to the observer will appear larger than the bulb positioned farther away, even though the two bulbs are the same size. Similarly, of two stars that are approximately the same size and temperature, the star that is closer to Earth will appear to be the larger star.

Which of the following processes most directly involves the movement of water from the atmosphere to Earth's surface? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Infiltration B. Precipitation C. Transpiration D. Sublimation

B. Precipitation

Which TWO of the following examples illustrate the application of genetic engineering in agriculture? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. Scientists compared the cadmium concentrations of the grain produced by durum wheat grown in one of two different types of soil. B. Scientists found that expression of a certain basil-plant gene in ripening tomatoes changes the flavor and aroma of the tomatoes. C. Scientists investigated the amount of provitamin A that is produced and stored by certain naturally occurring strains of sweet potatoes. D. Scientists developed a strain of corn with increased resistance to certain insects by inserting a bacterial gene into the corn's genome.

B. Scientist found that expression of a certain basil-plant gene in ripening tomatoes changes the flavor and aroma of the tomatoes D. Scientist developed a strain of corn with increased resistance to certain insects by inserting a bacterial gene into the corn's genome Genetic engineering is the targeted modification of an organism's genetic information. Modifying the genetic information of tomato plants by inserting a basil-plant gene and modifying the genetic information of corn by inserting a bacterial gene are examples of genetic engineering.

Which of the following statements best describes how the individual molecules in water vapor are different from those in liquid water? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. They weigh less. B. They are farther apart. C. They are composed of different elements. D. They interact more strongly with one another.

B. They are farther apart Water vapor is the gaseous phase of water. The average distance between water molecules is greater when water is in the gaseous phase than when it is in the liquid phase. Because water molecules are always composed of two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom, the average mass of a water molecule does not change as a result of a phase change. The attractive forces between water molecules are weaker in the gaseous phase than they are in the liquid phase.

Which of the following factors best accounts for the seasonal changes in weather conditions that occur at a particular location on Earth? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The Moon's gravitational pull B. Tilt of Earth's rotational axis C. Proximity to large bodies of water D. Distortion of Earth's magnetic field

B. Tilt of Earth's rotational axis

CH4(g)+2O2(g)→CO2(g)+2H2O The preceding balanced chemical equation represents a reaction between methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) that produces carbon dioxide(CO2) and water H2O). Based on the balanced chemical equation, how many molecules of oxygen react with each molecule of methane? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

B. Two In a chemical reaction between two substances, the atoms of the substances are rearranged to form other substances. In the chemical reaction represented by the equation, atoms in molecules of methane and oxygen are rearranged to form molecules of carbon dioxide and water. Because atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, the equation has been balanced so that the same number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms appear on both sides of the reaction arrow. Based on the balanced chemical equation, one molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen to produce one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water.

In an investigation of the rusting process, students soaked a sample of steel wool in vinegar for approximately one minute. After removing the steel wool from the vinegar, the students squeezed it and blotted it with a paper towel. The students then wrapped the steel wool around the bulb of a thermometer and placed the steel wool and thermometer together in a covered beaker to allow the rusting process to occur. The students observed that the temperature reading of the thermometer gradually increased. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the students' observation? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. A reaction occurred in which energy was created. B. A reaction occurred in which energy was destroyed. C. A reaction occurred in which energy was released. D. No reaction occurred.

C. A reaction occurred in which energy was released

Which of the following identifies the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population of organisms? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Nonfatal injuries to some members of the population B. Predators that catch and eat some members of the population C. Changes in the DNA of some members of the population D. Seasonal weather changes in the area where the population is found

C. Changes in the DNA of some members of the population Genetic variation results from random changes in genetic information. The genetic information of an organism is encoded in its DNA, and heritable changes in the base pair sequences of DNA are called mutations. Organisms in a population pass some mutations on to their offspring, and over multiple generations the accumulation of different mutations leads to greater genetic variation in the population

Which of the following most likely accounts for structural and functional differences between the skin cells, smooth muscle cells, and liver cells of the same person? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Differences in the genetic code B. Differences in chromosome number C. Differences in gene expression D. Differences in mutation rates

C. Differences in gene expression Structural and functional differences between the body cells of a person are best accounted for by differences in gene expression. Because they originated from a single fertilized egg, the body cells of a person contain the same genetic information. However, some genes are expressed only in certain types of cells, such as skin cells, but not in other types of cells, such as smooth muscle cells or liver cells. The expression of different sets of genes results in the production of different sets of proteins in different cells, leading to structural and functional differences between the cells.

Which of the following is the best example of an interaction between different biotic factors in an ecosystem? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. A caterpillar undergoing metamorphosis B. A plant absorbing sunlight C. A grazing animal eating plants D. An icicle melting on a warm day

C. Grazing animal eating plants (bc an animal and the plants it eats)

Which of the following best describes the type of chemical reaction that occurs when the acid HCl is mixed with the base NaOH in a solution? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Combustion B. Decomposition C. Neutralization D. Dehydration

C. Neutralization Mixing the acid H C lHCl with the base NaOH results in a neutralization reaction that produces water and the salt NaCl.

As part of a unit on plate tectonics, students use various materials to construct physical models of Earth's layered structure. The students will use the models to explore how the separate plates of the lithosphere, Earth's solid outer layer, move over the asthenosphere, the partially molten upper portion of Earth's mantle, over geologic time. Based on the description provided, which of the following materials would best represent the asthenosphere? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Paper that is thin, delicate, and easily punctured B. A solid wood block that has a rough and uneven surface C. Soft wax that can bend or stretch without breaking D. A piece of stainless steel that is rigid and impermeable

C. Soft wax that can bend or stretch without breaking The asthenosphere is a hot, malleable layer of rock immediately beneath the lithosphere. Compared with the lithosphere, the asthenosphere has a weaker mechanical strength that allows the rigid crustal plates above it to move across Earth's surface over long periods of time. Of the materials described, the soft wax would best represent the asthenosphere because of its malleability.

A teacher rubs an inflated balloon with a wool cloth and then holds the balloon over bits of paper that are lying on a table. The students in the class watch as the bits of paper rise from the table toward the balloon. Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the observed interaction between the balloon and the bits of paper? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The balloon contains helium. B. The balloon is unaffected by gravity. C. The balloon has an electrostatic charge. D. The balloon weighs more than the bits of paper do.

C. The balloon has an electrostatic charge

On the periodic table, the elements lithium, sodium, and potassium are grouped together in the first column. Based on their locations on the periodic table, which of the following is most likely true about the elements lithium, sodium, and potassium? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. They have the same atomic number. B. They have the same atomic mass. C. They have similar chemical properties. D. They have similar melting points.

C. The have similar chemical properties

An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen if a constant force is then applied to the object in the same direction in which the object is moving? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The object will stop moving. B. The object will continue moving in the same direction but will slow down. C. The object will continue moving in the same direction but will speed up. D. The object will move in the opposite direction but at the same speed as before.

C. The object will continue moving in the same direction but will speed up

In an activity, students filled two identical containers with equal volumes of either freshwater or salt water. The students then placed different objects, one at a time, in the containers and observed whether the objects sank or floated. Which of the following statements best accounts for an observation that the same object sank in the freshwater but floated in the salt water? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The freshwater was colder than the salt water. B. The freshwater weighed more than the salt water. C. The salt water was denser than the freshwater. D. The salt water was more transparent than the freshwater.

C. The salt water was denser than the freshwater An object will sink in a liquid if its density is greater than that of the liquid, and it will float if its density is less than or equal to that of the liquid. The observation that the same object sank in the freshwater but floated in the salt water is best accounted for by concluding that the salt water is denser than both the object and the freshwater.

In an activity, students create models of landscapes by cutting two-liter plastic bottles in half lengthwise and filling them with different combinations of soil, sand, pebbles, and small plants. After positioning the models at an angle, the students pour equal amounts of water onto each model's raised end and collect the runoff in beakers placed under each model's lower end. The students then determine the dry mass of the sediment contained in the runoff from each model. Which of the following scientific questions can the students investigate most directly in the activity described? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. How can growing plants break apart rocks? B. Do earthworms improve soil fertility? C. What are some factors that affect erosion? D. Does temperature affect weathering rates?

C. What are some factors that affect erosion? In the activity, the students are simulating the flow of water down a hillside. Erosion is the movement of soil and rock particles by water, wind, or other natural agents. The sediment contained in the runoff from each model is the result of erosion. By determining the dry mass of the sediment collected in the runoff from each model and then comparing their results, the students can investigate how the different combinations of soil, sand, pebbles, and small plants affect erosion by water

Which of the following best describes a galaxy? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. A small celestial body composed of ice B. A giant planet orbited by ten or more moons C. A collection of planets revolving around a star D. A large cluster of stars, dust, and gas

D. A large cluster of stars, dust, and gas

Researchers are measuring surface salinity in different areas of an ocean. In which of the following areas will the researchers most likely find the highest surface salinity? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. An area in which cooler temperatures are causing heavy rainfall B. An area in which warmer temperatures are causing icebergs to melt C. An area in which river flow is causing a mixing of freshwater with seawater D. An area in which warm, dry winds are causing a high rate of evaporation

D. An area in which warm, dry winds are causing a high rate of evaporation Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in water. Processes that increase the concentration of dissolved salts in water lead to increased salinity. Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes to a gas. Water evaporating from an ocean surface enters the atmosphere but leaves behind dissolved salts, resulting in an increase in the surface salinity in that area of the ocean. Heavy rainfall, the melting of icebergs, and inflow from a river are processes that add freshwater to the ocean, causing the surface salinity in those areas of the ocean to decrease.

In which of the following ways can a tree-fall gap result in increased species diversity in a mature forest community? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. By reducing the amount of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere B. By increasing competition between birds for limited resources C. By creating a barrier to the dispersal of seeds produced by mature trees D. By providing a habitat in which shade-intolerant plants can grow

D. By providing a habitat in which shade-intolerant plants can grow When a tree falls in a forest, a gap in the forest canopy is created, allowing more sunlight to reach the forest floor. Plant species that prefer sunny spots can colonize the area until trees regrow and create a full canopy

Which of the following is a method of heat transfer? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Nuclear decay B. Insulation C. Transpiration D. Convection

D. Convection Convection is the transfer of heat from one area to another by the bulk movement of a liquid or gas

Bread molds belong to which of the following groups of organisms? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Bacteria B. Animalia C. Plantae D. Fungi

D. Fungi

Which of the following typically increases with increasing depth in the open ocean? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Biomass B. Sunlight C. Temperature D. Pressure

D. Pressure Pressure increases with ocean depth. As ocean depth increases, the weight of water above that is pushing down on the water below increases. Biomass, sunlight, and temperature typically decrease as ocean depth increases.

Which of the following best describes where most earthquakes occur? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. In the middle of continents B. Where streams merge with rivers C. In Earth's inner core D. At tectonic plate boundaries

D. Tectonic plate boundaries Most earthquakes occur at tectonic plate boundaries

Which of the following human organs is responsible for the formation of sperm cells? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Pancreas B. Thyroid C. Ovary D. Testis

D. Testis

Researchers found fossils of marine organisms in rock layers that are located high above sea level. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the researchers' observations? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The fossils were transported to the research site by wind currents. B. The rock layer in which the fossils were found is igneous rock. C. The organisms from which the fossils were formed lived less than a hundred years ago. D. The area containing the rock layers was previously covered by water.

D. The area containing the rock layers was previously covered by water Marine fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in shallow seas or other marine environments. The fossils were formed after the marine organisms died and became buried in sediment on the seafloor. The sediment containing the fossils hardened into rock over many millions of years and became exposed above sea level as a result of geological processes, such as the uplifting of land due to plate tectonic activity.

Which of the following phenomena best accounts for an observation that an object underwater appears to be closer to the water's surface than it really is? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The bouncing of light off a smooth, shiny surface B. The warming of water by the absorption of energy from light C. The casting of a shadow by an object through which light cannot pass D. The bending of light as it passes from one substance to another

D. The bending of light as it passes from one substance to another Light waves travel through different substances at different speeds. When light waves pass from one substance to another, their path changes (or bends) as a result of a change in speed. When light waves that have bounced off an object underwater pass from water to air, the change in the path of the light waves makes the object appear closer to the water's surface than it really is

In plants, the chlorophyll used in photosynthesis is contained in which of the following cell structures? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The cell wall B. The nucleus C. The mitochondria D. The chloroplasts

D. The chloroplasts Plants are eukaryotes that have membrane-bound organelles. The chloroplast is the organelle in plant cells that contains chlorophyll and is the site where photosynthesis occurs.

Which of the following biomes has the greatest diversity of species? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Cold desert B. Temperate grassland C. Alpine tundra D. Tropical rain forest

D. Tropical rain forest