Praxis 5027

In which THREE of the following ways do graphic novels support reading comprehension A. They allow the reader to visualize story elements. B. They help the reader differentiate between dialogue and narration. C. They present simplified vocabulary and sentence structure to the reader. D. They assist the reader in identifying tone and mood. E. They task the reader with evaluating a small number of pages and images.

. They allow the reader to visualize story elements. B. They help the reader differentiate between dialogue and narration. They assist the reader in identifying tone and mood.

Carly cuts carrots carefully. The preceding statement best exemplifies which of the following types of figurative language? A. Simile B. Alliteration C. Personification D. Metaphor

B. Alliteration

The word part "ake" in the words "bake" and "snake" is an example of which of the following? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. A phoneme-grapheme relationship B. A long-vowel /a/ digraph C. A morpheme D. A rime

A Rime

Which THREE of the following classroom activities are effective for helping a student who is a slow and nonfluent reader? A. Reading along with a taped or recorded book B. Timed reading sessions designed to increase the number of words read per minute C. Repeated choral readings of the class's favorite poems and funny stories D. Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress

A. Reading along with a taped or recorded book C. Repeated choral readings of the class's favorite poems and funny stories D. Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress

Since the snow was falling fast, the teacher asked the students to quickly finish the quiz. The sentence contains which of the following grammatical errors? A. Split infinitive B. Lack of parallel structure C. Misplaced modifier D. Sentence fragment

A. Split infinitive

are me said like they The words in the list are best described as A. high frequency B. decodable C. phonetically regular D. rhyming

A. high frequency

A first-grade student has a specific learning disability in writing. Which of the following testing accommodations is most appropriate to be included in an Individualized Education Program (IEP) to meet the needs of the student? A. Allowing the student to dictate answers requiring written responses to a scribe B. Providing the student with an alternate assignment without any written responses C. Having the student answer fewer questions that require written responses D. Having the student complete all written work in a quiet space to avoid distractions

A. Allowing the student to dictate answers requiring written responses to a scribe

Which of the following activities is best for building on students' existing knowledge when starting a new unit on culture for second-grade students? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Creating a list of traditions practiced in their families B. Taking notes while reading an expository text about different customs C. Comparing different religions practiced around the world D. Describing the development of different languages

A. Creating a list of traditions practiced in their families

A first-grade teacher introduces a unit on family. Which of the following activities is the most appropriate way to introduce the concept? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Gathering the students in a circle and reading a book about different types of families around the world B. Brainstorming with the students about how their families can participate in the different school events C. Assigning the students homework for which they have to discuss their own family ancestry with a family member D. Having the students compare and contrast different kinds of families using a graphic organizer

A. Gathering the students in a circle and reading a book about different types of families around the world

Which of the following best identifies the purpose of the explanatory genre of writing? A. Giving information about a topic or describing something accurately B. Describing an account of an imaginary event or experience C. Presenting a claim and providing a convincing set of reasons to support the claim D. Retelling the story of an important moment and clarifying its significance to the author

A. Giving information about a topic or describing something accurately

A small town holds a heritage celebration fair annually. Which of the following activities best allows elementary students to consider multiple perspectives about the fair? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Interviewing community members about the fair and writing an article for the school paper B. Comparing attendance at the fair with that of previous years C. Volunteering to help plan the next year's fair D. Comparing the monetary contributions of the largest donors to the fair

A. Interviewing community members about the fair and writing an article for the school paper

Which of the following is an example of modifying the physical environment to adapt to the needs of the people living in a community? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Planting trees to decrease highway traffic noise B. Introducing digital maps to make navigation easier C. Identifying areas of natural drainage to limit building D. Allowing free access to the local library

A. Planting trees to decrease highway traffic noise

In order to develop phonemic awareness, students with special needs must first A. understand the utility and function of oral and written language B. have a formal diagnosis of a developmental delay C. receive explicit instruction in oral and written language D. receive individualized instruction in a general education setting

A. understand the utility and function of oral and written language

I enjoyed the trip to the museum. We rode there in the school bus. We also saw many displays and ate lunch. Which of the following instructional strategies will be most useful in helping the student improve the preceding writing sample? A. Asking the student questions about the trip B. Providing the student with an informational text to find more ideas C. Asking the student to write a list of descriptive words D. Showing the student how to construct simple sentences

Asking the students questions about the trip

During a small-group literacy activity, a kindergarten teacher asks students to identify the word that does not belong in the list of words. pan, pig, bug, pack The activity best addresses which of the following phonemic awareness skills? A. Segmentation B. Categorization C. Substitution D. Blending

B. Categorization

An elementary teacher can most effectively introduce students to the concept of civic participation by Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. providing clearly defined classroom rules B. having students help create classroom rules C. helping students settle disputes calmly D. creating an assigned seating chart

B. having students help create classroom rules

Which of the following sources best represents a secondary source of information? A. A journal written by a Civil War nurse B. A documentary about Harriet Tubman C. A letter from George Washington to his wife D. A transcript of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address

B. A documentary about Harriet Tubman

During a presentation, the speaker grimaces apologetically and then pauses to allow the audience to react to the message. In this situation, the speaker best demonstrates which of the following skills? A. Enunciating words to ensure clear delivery of a message B. Communicating by matching nonverbal cues with a message C. Explaining details thoroughly to ensure understanding of a message D. Sharing personal anecdotes so the audience can relate to a message

B. Communicating by matching nonverbal cues with a message

A second-grade teacher prepares for a beginning lesson focused on interpreting data from a map. Which TWO of the following map characteristics best support the teacher's lesson when used in a related activity? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. Shows a small area of land B. Contains a compass rose C. Provides a legend D. Includes a relevant title E. Represents sections of land in vibrant colors

B. Contains a compass rose C. Provides a legend

During a unit titled All About Me, a first-grade teacher would like the students to create a time line of their life to share with the class. Which of the following is most important for the students to include in the project? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Descriptions or pictures of special events related to their family's culture B. Dated photographs of important events arranged in sequential order C. Pictures of family members and friends arranged in order of importance D. Magazine clippings of the favorite foods their family enjoys

B. Dated photographs of important events arranged in sequential order

Which of the following is an appropriate approach to teach a third-grade student about the reason for the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution of the United States? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Listing why the colonies wanted independence B. Discussing why it is important to protect individual liberties C. Comparing how the colonies were founded D. Illustrating how a national church would unite the country

B. Discussing why it is important to protect individual liberties

Which of the following activities would be most effective in establishing a democratic classroom? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Having the class create models of important monuments in Washington B. Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class C. Having students role-play ways of being a good citizen D. Reading a book about the writing of the Constitution to the class

B. Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class

Which of the following strategies is most effective in developing preschool children's understanding of print concepts? A. Giving children opportunities to retell or act out stories B. Placing children's names on their desks and other appropriate places C. Creating a class library with books from different genres for the children D. Providing opportunities for children to respond to open-ended questions

B. Placing children's names on their desks and other appropriate places

A teacher provides students with a list of words that includes "precede," "project," "illegal," and "disappear." The students are most likely learning about which of the following concepts? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Onsets B. Prefixes C. Consonant blends D. Diphthongs

B. Prefixes

After a speaker gives an oral report, a member of the audience asks the speaker the following questions. Could you tell me more about . . . ? Why do you think this . . . is important to understanding the topic? At the beginning of your speech, you said . . . Can you say more about that idea? The questions best demonstrate that the audience member has an understanding of which of the following components of active listening? A. Empathizing B. Probing C. Accepting D. Paraphrasing

B. Probing

Which of the following terms best describes the ability to read with expression and appropriate phrasing? A. Accuracy B. Prosody C. Rate D. Schema

B. Prosody

During social studies lessons, a first-grade teacher notices some reluctance among students to form nonhomogeneous groups during activities. Which of the following activities can best help to encourage unity and affirm diversity among students? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Students exchange recipes for desserts that are significant to their respective cultures. The class then votes for one recipe to use for an upcoming bake sale. B. Students create visual representations of aspects of their cultural background that they want to highlight. C. Students are divided into groups based on their height. These groups are used for all classroom group activities for the year. D. Students publish a class Web site on the Internet. Students each work on a Web page that summarizes their individual cultural backgrounds.

B. Students create visual representations of aspects of their cultural background that they want to highlight.

A student evaluates primary and secondary resources to gain insight into a historical topic. Which of the following will most likely lead to the student eliminating the source being consulted? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. The student observes that the diary of a person directly affected by the event recalls incorrect dates compared to other sources. B. The student notes that a published thesis on a university Web site lacks citations for the sources used to create the argument. C. The student gathers population data and statistics from a government (.gov) Web site. D. The student reads the preface of a published book and concludes that its author takes a debatable position on the historical issues.

B. The student notes that a published thesis on a university Web site lacks citations for the sources used to create the argument.

After reading two texts about the first Thanksgiving, a third-grade teacher asks students to compare the events in both texts. Which of the following graphic organizers is best for the students to use? A. Flowchart B. Venn diagram C. Story map D. Cluster diagram

B. Venn diagram

A teacher divides a class into two representative bodies. The groups work together to create a new list of classroom rules and vote on which of the rules should be adopted. The teacher does not agree with one of the rules and takes it off the list. Which of the following examples of the system of checks and balances outlined in the Constitution of the United States is the teacher modeling? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Making laws B. Vetoing laws C. Enforcing laws D. Interpreting laws

B. Vetoing laws

Building phonological awareness is critical to helping young students learn to read because without it, the students will primarily struggle to A. develop appropriate pacing and intonation when reading aloud B. use alphabetic principles, which are necessary for developing the ability to decode words C. identify when material that is read does not make sense and a fix-up strategy is needed D. recognize that text is read from left to right and top to bottom

B. use alphabetic principles, which are necessary for developing the ability to decode words

A first-grade student, Kyle, has drawn an elaborate picture of a garden in his journal and has written "I LK RD FLRS." Kyle's sentence suggests that an appropriate next step in his development as a writer would be learning to Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. print lowercase letters B. use medial vowel sounds C. blend consonant sounds D. recognize common sight words

B. use medial vowel sounds

Which of the following components of an effective oral presentation describes the highness or lowness of a speaker's voice? A. Volume B. Pitch C. Articulation D. Pace

B. Pitch

Which of the following words contains an open syllable? A. Combat B. Basic C. Insect D. Velvet

Basic

A second-grade curriculum requires that teachers review the importance of voting in United States elections. Which of the following purposes of teaching is best demonstrated by the requirement? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Raising student awareness about diverse cultures B. Expanding students' knowledge of different political systems C. Preparing students to participate in a democratic society D. Preparing students to understand the different governmental branches

C. Preparing students to participate in a democratic society

Which of the following activities will best help students understand the structure of a science text? A. Completing a cluster diagram B. Summarizing the text C. Reviewing the subtitles D. Developing questions about the text

C. Reviewing the subtitles

Which of the following instructional activities best develops a preschool student's understanding of how the physical characteristics of a location affect human behavior? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Creating a graph with local area activities students enjoy doing with their families B. Reading stories aloud that depict activities students enjoy throughout the world C. Role-playing daily activities that students participate in throughout the world D. Researching professional occupations found in various locations throughout the world

C. Role-playing daily activities that students participate in throughout the world

A teacher prepares a lesson to demonstrate how individual perspectives alter the ways in which people react to the same event. The historical focus for the lesson is the Boston Massacre. Which of the following pairs of resources best facilitates the teacher's overall objective? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. A current history magazine article and a newspaper article written in 1770 B. A modern encyclopedia entry and an article published in a scholarly journal C. A diary entry from an American colonist and the court testimony of a British officer D. A court transcript from an American colonist and a section from a history textbook

C. A diary entry from an American colonist and the court testimony of a British officer

Which of the following activities will best foster the development of students' listening skills? A. Asking students to identify rhyming words from a list of words B. Asking students to identify which picture in a set of three pictures has a different initial sound C. Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher had read aloud D. Asking students to draw a picture and then write a sentence about their drawing

C. Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher had read aloud

Which of the following digital tools best helps students distribute stories they have written for peer-editing purposes? A. A teacher Web page B. A virtual blackboard C. Cloud-based file sharing D. Word-processing software

C. Cloud-based file sharing

Jean is willing to hike in the snow, but Jim is reluctant and goes inside because of the frigid temperatures. Which type of context clue in the sentence helps decode the meaning of the word "reluctant"? A. Definition B. Synonym C. Contrast D. Example

C. Contrast

A second-grade teacher introduces a civics activity in which students sort cards into two different categories. The cards are each labeled with activities such as voting in elections, celebrating a religious holiday, volunteering at homeless shelters, and protesting an unfair law. Which of the following best describes the objective of the activity? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Creating classroom rules collectively B. Reviewing ways students can participate in society C. Identifying the rights and responsibilities of living in a democracy D. Analyzing the effectiveness of rules and laws

C. Identifying the rights and responsibilities of living in a democracy

Which of the following whole-group activities would best support kindergartners' understanding of a story's setting after listening to the story read aloud? A. Sequencing picture cards of the events in the story B. Creating a map showing the relationships among the characters in the story C. Identifying words the author used to describe the story's surroundings D. Creating a chart matching the details in the story to the main idea

C. Identifying words the author used to describe the story's surroundings

Which of the following actions best describes the first step of active listening? A. Responding to the speaker verbally B. Taking notes on the speaker's message C. Looking directly at the speaker when he or she is speaking D. Asking for clarification when uncertain about something that was said

C. Looking directly at the speaker when he or she is speaking

A third-grade teacher asks students to respond to the following prompt. "Write about a time when you lost something important to you." The prompt asks students to produce which of the following types of writing? A. Expository B. Informative C. Narrative D. Persuasive

C. Narrative

Which TWO of the following history lesson activities would best facilitate the use of chronological-thinking skills? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. Determining the publication dates of historical texts in the school library B. Examining multiple eyewitness perspectives of a historical event C. Sequencing a series of events leading up to the American Revolution on a time line D. Describing the foreign policy objectives of current world leaders E. Identifying events that contributed to trends in a graph of twentieth-century United States immigration data

C. Sequencing a series of events leading up to the American Revolution on a time line E. Identifying events that contributed to trends in a graph of twentieth-century United States immigration data

Multiple-choice question with five answer choices. The correct answer consists of two answer choices. There is no additional information needed to answer the question, so there is no reference region. Which TWO of the following events contributed to the outbreak of the American Revolution? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. The ratification of the United States Constitution B. The election of George Washington as president C. The passage of the Intolerable Acts D. The signing of the Treaty of Paris E. The convening of the First Continental Congress

C. The passage of the Intolerable Acts E. The convening of the First Continental Congress

A first-grade teacher is selecting texts for a science unit on butterflies. Which of the following is most important for the teacher to consider when creating the text set? A. The texts should include textbook passages about butterflies. B. The texts should use more illustrations and diagrams than words. C. The texts should have a meaningful connection to the anchor text. D. The texts should be from the same genre.

C. The texts should have a meaningful connection to the anchor text.

A first-grade teacher provides students with several pictures of daily school day activities, such as coming into the classroom in the morning, doing schoolwork, playing outside during recess, and boarding a school bus. The teacher asks students to place the pictures on a timeline according to when they occur in the school day. Which of the following is the primary purpose of the activity? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. To demonstrate to students how to identify commonalities among events B. To show students how to prioritize tasks on a list according to importance C. To introduce students to the idea of placing events in a chronological order D. To help students compare a school schedule now to how it was long time ago

C. To introduce students to the idea of placing events in a chronological order

Which of the following best allows students to compare and contrast their cultures with the cultures of others? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Watching a documentary on the factors that are responsible for mass migration B. Reading an article in a school newspaper about how local politics influence education in different countries C. Writing and receiving letters from peer pen pals from a school in another country D. Studying immigration and emigration patterns of groups from other countries

C. Writing and receiving letters from peer pen pals from a school in another country

Which of the following strategies will best help students create engaging oral presentations? A. Preparing notes to read word-for-word during the presentation B. Providing the class with copies of the written report before the presentation C. Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation D. Memorizing the entire report before the presentation

C. Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation

A second-grade teacher is using a globe and a world map while explaining time zones as they relate to direction. The most accurate statement the teacher could make about time zones is that each time zone becomes earlier than the previous one as an individual travels Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. north across lines of latitude B. south across lines of latitude C. west across lines of longitude D. east across lines of longitude

C. west across lines of longitude

Which of the following activities is best for a first-grade teacher to use when introducing basic geographic literacy skills? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Using a legend on a map to identify landmarks and familiar buildings near the school B. Drawing a scaled map of familiar objects and locations to show relative distance C. Using a compass rose and cardinal directions to describe relationships between cities and states D. Describing how objects in the classroom would look if viewed from a hot-air balloon

D. Describing how objects in the classroom would look if viewed from a hot-air balloon

A kindergarten teacher opens a book to the middle of the story and asks a student, "Where on this page should I begin reading?" It is most likely that the teacher is attempting to evaluate the student's A. ability to draw inferences from text B. phonological knowledge C. concepts about print D. understanding of syntax

Concepts about print

A teacher gives each student in a class a list containing the words "whale," "three," "ship," and "chew." Then the teacher says, "Circle the two letters in each word that go together to make the new sounds we have been learning about." The exercise can most appropriately be used to assess the students' ability to recognize which of the following? A. Consonant blends B. Double vowel sounds C. Short vowel sounds D. Consonant digraphs

Consonant Digraphs

Multiple-choice question with one correct answer choice. There is no additional information needed to answer the question, so there is no reference region. In developing English-language proficiency, an English learner (EL) in an early childhood classroom would most benefit from which of the following? A. Working in first-language peer groups B. Receiving extensive classroom instructions C. Minimizing first-language usage D. Interacting frequently with classmates

D. Interacting frequently with classmates

Which of the following concepts is a second-grade teacher introducing by having students understand the consequences of breaking rules? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Demand B. Tolerance C. Diversity D. Justice

D. Justice

A teacher writes the following sentences on the board. The dog slept on the porch. The dog ate on the porch. The dog pretty much lived on the porch. Then the teacher wrote the following sentence. The dog ate on the porch, slept on the porch, and pretty much lived on the porch. Which of the following language features do the sentences best demonstrate? A. Voice B. Word choice C. Conventions D. Sentence fluency

D. Sentence fluency

After a shared reading of a story, a teacher demonstrates a retelling strategy for the class with a think-aloud. On which of the following elements is it best for the teacher to focus? A. Determining the traits of the main characters B. Using strategies to decode words C. Making connections to similar stories D. Sequencing the events in the story

D. Sequencing the events in the story

As Arctic ice continues to melt, the polar bear's quest for food often leads to swimming long distances, ultimately ending in starvation. Last year, a policy paper outlined a multistep plan to save the ever-declining polar bear population, which included the risky suggestion to feed the bears directly. There are many endangered species on this planet, and it is not the case that one is more important or critical than another. However, when one sees candid images of these majestic creatures in their environment, it becomes apparent how desperately they need saving. The author of the passage can best be described as having a point of view similar to that of A. a politician discussing climate change B. an educator teaching a class about animal behavior C. a company executive arranging a wildlife benefit D. a conservationist pleading for a vulnerable species

D. a conservationist pleading for a vulnerable species

After having a preschool class read an expository picture book based on an important historical topic, which of the following would be the most appropriate way for the teacher to have students demonstrate chronological-thinking skills? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Breaking textual information in the book into units of time B. Supporting textual information in the book with a time line C. Examining and describing artifacts used during the period in which the events of the book occur D. Arranging pictures of the events from the book in sequential order

D. Arranging pictures of the events from the book in sequential order

Which of the following is the most appropriate introductory activity about syllables for a kindergarten class? A. Having children underline the vowels in a word with a red crayon B. Asking children to draw a line to separate each syllable break in a word C. Having children write the number of syllables in a word represented by a picture card D. Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class

D. Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class

A second-grade teacher labeled cardinal and intermediate directions in the classroom at the start of a unit on directions. Which of the following instructional strategies best reinforces concepts from the lesson? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Giving students worksheets of a community map that they can complete at home B. Asking students to use the labeled directions and make a list of all the possible directions C. Giving each student a compass to navigate around the school whenever possible D. Asking students to move to the northeastern side of the classroom using the labeled directions

D. Asking students to move to the northeastern side of the classroom using the labeled directions

Third-grade students are writing reports on a science topic. Which of the following tools will best help students with the assignment by initiating written discussion of their report? A. Slide-share programs B. Instant messaging applications C. Interactive whiteboards D. Blogging programs

D. Blogging programs

Which of the following activities will best help first-grade students understand changes that occur over time? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Investigating the cultural celebrations and holidays of other countries B. Identifying the characteristics of the individual seasons of the year C. Analyzing the current ways energy is produced in their area D. Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

D. Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

A third-grade student asks the teacher why it is important to learn about the cultures of other countries. Which of the following statements would be most helpful in answering the student's question? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. "To honor an educational tradition" B. "To help students become more like each other" C. "To help us understand the contributions of ancient civilizations" D. "To learn that people are more alike than different"

D. "To learn that people are more alike than different"

Which of the following situations best demonstrates the concept of interdependence? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. Mr. Scott grows all the vegetables his family eats on their farm. B. A teacher rewards the student of the week with a new pencil. C. Annie decides not to buy ice cream and buys a book instead. D. A sports club buys lunch for its members from the local diner.

D. A sports club buys lunch for its members from the local diner.

Which of the following is the most effective resource a social studies teacher could use to teach cause-and-effect relationships that led people to immigrate to the United States throughout history? Answer the question by selecting the correct response. A. A list of the United States cities immigrants were most likely to live in B. A map showing the United States immigrants' native countries C. A pie chart showing the number of immigrants by nation D. A time line of historical events related to immigration

D. A time line of historical events related to immigration

Which TWO of the following books are most appropriate to use to teach third graders about comparing and contrasting two cultures? Answer the question by selecting the correct responses. A. The Blacker the Berry by Joyce Carol Thomas, a collection of poems celebrating the varieties of African American ethnic heritages B. Journey to Jo'burg by Beverley Naidoo, a book about siblings traveling through South Africa to find their mother in Johannesburg C. Two Mrs. Gibsons by Toyomi Igus, a book about a girl's relationship with her Japanese mother and African American grandmother D. Under the Moon and Over the Sea, edited by John Agard and Grace Nichols, a compilation of poems about Caribbean traditions E. The Color of Home by Mary Hoffman, a book about a boy and his family who were forced by war to move from Somalia to the United States

E. The Color of Home by Mary Hoffman, a book about a boy and his family who were forced by war to move from Somalia to the United States C. Two Mrs. Gibsons by Toyomi Igus, a book about a girl's relationship with her Japanese mother and African American grandmother

During a writer's workshop, a first-grade teacher notices that Joanna is sitting and watching other students write but is not writing her own story. When the teacher asks why she is not writing, Joanna says that she cannot write because she does not know how to spell any words. Which of the following instructional strategies is most beneficial for the teacher to use with Joanna? A. Working one-on-one with Joanna to teach her new spelling words B. Encouraging Joanna to use inventive spelling when she writes C. Adding Joanna's commonly misspelled words to the spelling test D. Helping Joanna find challenging words in a picture dictionary

Encouraging Joanna to use inventive spelling when she writes

Which of the following words is an example of a homonym? A. Fair B. Vroom C. Peek D. Demoralize

Fair

Reading simple stories with improving fluency by automatically saying two or more words in a phrase Gaining control during the reading process by using less "sounding out" Reading words that represent various long vowel sounds The list of characteristics indicates that a student is performing at which of the following stages of reading development? A. Prealphabetic B. Partial alphabetic C. Full alphabetic D. Automatic

Full alphabetic

A class is reading a story in which the main character is facing a dilemma. Which of the following activities is most likely to encourage the students to think ahead and collaboratively generate solutions to the character's dilemma? A. Having the students categorize the characters in the book into groups of major and minor importance B. Having the students independently make a list of five possible solutions C. Showing the students a video version of the story D. Having the students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions

Having students work in groups to role play possible solutions

A second-grade teacher begins a read-aloud of a fictional chapter book. Which of the following instructional strategies best develops students' ability to engage in character analysis to improve their comprehension of the text? A. Using a plot diagram to identify the main characters, setting, and plot events B. Asking students to illustrate what they think the characters look like C. Guiding a discussion in which each student explains his or her favorite character D. Helping students relate to the characters through targeted questioning

Helping students relate to the characters through target questioning

In which of the following student responses are both sentences simple sentences? A. Mario: At school. Everyone does work. B. Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house. C. Anna: She's smiling because the dog came back. After he came back, he wanted food. D. Jacquelyn: Drive fast! We'll be late if we don't hurry.

Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house.

Multiple-choice question with one correct answer choice. There is no additional information needed to answer the question, so there is no reference region. The question contains student writing. It may be helpful to utilize character-by-character navigation for the student writing. Ms. Craig asks her students to write the word "sailboat." Levi spells the word "PKLLEEP." At which of the following levels is Levi spelling? A. Prephonemic B. Phonemic C. Transitional D. Conventional

Prephomenic

Which of the following teaching strategies most effectively supports emergent writers in a preschool classroom? A. Providing students with functional writing opportunities connected to class activities B. Teaching students how to use guided visualization to create mental pictures when writing C. Using model texts to teach students how to identify text structures prior to writing D. Assigning students a prewriting activity of identifying the audience and purpose for writing

Providing students with functional writing opportunities connected to class activities

Which of the following best describes automaticity? A. Rapid recognition of words without conscious decoding B. Independent decoding of sentences using phonics and sight reading C. Rapid decoding of words by applying phonics knowledge D. Fluent reading of sentences with expression and phrasing

Rapid recognition of words without conscious decoding

Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development? A. Places vowels in syllables B. Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters C. Understands word structure D. Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

During a reading lesson, a third-grade teacher writes the lines of a poem on separate strips of paper. The teacher then holds up the strips one at a time and has students read the phrases aloud together. Which of the following is most likely the goal of the activity? A. Fostering students' understanding of the structure of poems B. Reinforcing students' use of proper phrasing to promote fluency C. Helping students identify rhyme schemes accurately D. Improving students' spelling and sight word vocabulary

Reinforcing students' use of proper phrasing to promote fluency

When writing an informational piece on a nonfiction topic, a student considers the following questions. Does each paragraph have a clear topic sentence? Does each sentence in a paragraph relate to the topic sentence? Is there anything that needs to be added or removed? Is the vocabulary strong and precise? At which of the following steps in the writing process is the student most likely to improve the writing piece effectively? A. Prewriting B. Publishing C. Revising D. Editing

Revising

Which of the following terms best describes a series of events that build tension from conflict in a story? A. Exposition B. Rising action C. Climax D. Falling action

Rising Action

Which of the following is most effective in helping young children develop phonological awareness? A. Singing songs with simple rhymes B. Singing the alphabet song C. Using large markers to print letters D. Looking for environmental print

Singing songs with simple ryhmes

The Hare was once boasting of his speed before the other animals. "I've never been beaten in a race," said he. "I challenge anyone here to race with me." The Tortoise said quietly, "I accept your challenge." "That is a good joke," said the Hare. "I could dance round you all the way." "Keep your boasting till you've beaten me," answered the Tortoise. "Shall we race?" So a course was fixed and a start was made. The Hare darted almost out of sight at once, but soon stopped. "I should stop for a rest," he said to himself. "That would make the Tortoise's loss even more embarrassing." And so he lay down to have a nap. The Tortoise plodded on and plodded on, and when the Hare awoke from his nap, he saw the Tortoise just near the winning-post and could not run up in time to save the race. Then said the Tortoise: "Plodding wins the race." After reading the story, a student remarks in the discussion that the Hare is spiteful. Which of the following lines of the Hare's dialogue best supports the student's statement? A. "I've never been beaten in a race . . ." B. "I challenge anyone here to race with me." C. "I should stop for a rest . . ." D. "That would make the Tortoise's loss even more embarrassing."

That would make the Tortoise loss even more embarrassing

Which of the following are sight words? A. Stool, paste, green B. Bead, paid, foil C. They, said, does D. Round, white, large

They Said Does

A student studying root words and affixes places the word "script" at the base of a word-tree sorting board. Which THREE of the following words are most appropriate to be added to the branches of the student's word tree? A. Transcript B. Writing C. Cursive D. Description E. Manuscript

Transcript Description Manuscript

A first-grade teacher provides students with a list of words and instructs them to sort the words into the following categories. Consonant, Vowel, Consonant Consonant, Vowel, Consonant, e Consonant, Vowel, Vowel, Consonant The activity will most likely reinforce students' understanding of which of the following concepts? A. Rhyming words B. Onsets and rimes C. Consonant digraphs D. Vowel patterns

Vowel Patterns

By completing a picture walk of a story before students begin reading it independently, a first-grade teacher best demonstrates an understanding of how to help students A. comprehend how the setting affects the plot of the story B. decide if they will like the story they are about to read C. anticipate vocabulary that will help them read the story D. use mentor texts to assist them in writing their own stories

anticipate vocabulary that will help them read the story

Learning to differentiate among words that have common roots by examining the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as "pre-," "un-," "dis-," "-tive," "-tion," and "-ment") are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of A. morphological analysis B. configuration cues C. contextual clues D. phonemic analysis

morphological analysis

A prekindergarten teacher sends home with students reading adventure bags filled with theme-based fiction and nonfiction picture books as well as interactive activities. The students are encouraged to read and discuss one book daily with a family member and record their activities in a reading log. The strategy best promotes A. oral language development B. phonemic awareness C. phonological awareness D. word recognition

oral language development