Praxis II

Which of the following resources can most effectively be used to implement the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, formerly the coordinated school health (CSH) approach? A. Community medical centers, health services, and fitness clubs B. The health experts at the local public health department C. A school wellness committee D. Federal government agencies and corporations in the private sectors

C. A school wellness committee

Question:Gingivitis that has been ineffectively treated can lead to which of the following more serious conditions? A.Periodontal disease B.Tinnitus C.Halitosis D.Herpes simplex 1

Correct Answer: A Gingivitis is a mild form of periodontal disease in which gums become red, swollen, and bleed easily. Disregarding regular cleaning by a dental hygienist and not brushing or flossing daily can lead gingivitis. This can lead to a more serious form of periodontal disease characterized by the loss of bone and inflammation around the tissue of the teeth. Tinnitus is a condition related to hearing. Halitosis is consistent odorous breath. Herpes simplex 1 is a virus that affects the lips and surrounding areas of the face. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

Which of the following terms describes an extreme, anxiety-provoking, and uncontrolled fear of people who are gay, lesbian, or bisexual? A.Heterosexism B.Homophobia C.Heterosexual D.Homocentric

Correct Answer: B Homophobia is an irrational and extreme, anxiety-provoking, and uncontrolled fear of individuals who are gay, lesbian, or bisexual. In some cases it may lead to violence or hostility. Heterosexism describes a belief that heterosexual relationships are the norm, and therefore superior. Heterosexual is the gender identity associated with an attraction to the opposite sex. Anything that is homocentric promotes a gay, lesbian, or bisexual lifestyle or behavior. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

Which of the following is a characteristic most associated with a student who is considered a bully? A.The student enjoys the rewards gained from aggressive acts. B.The student is kind to others most of the time. C.The student isolates himself or herself for most of the day. D.The student cries or yields easily to others.

Correct Answer: A A bully intends to cause physical or mental harm to other people and enjoys the rewards he or she gains from their aggressive acts. Choices (B), (C), and (D) are not characteristics of a bully. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

Which of the following groups of behaviors contribute most to the mortality and morbidity of teenagers? A.Alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, and behaviors that result in injury B.Sexual behaviors, school truancy, and tobacco use C.School truancy, misuse of contraception, and use of alcohol and other drugs D.Behaviors that result in injury, school truancy, and sexual behaviors

Correct Answer: A According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports, statistics on teenager morbidity and mortality show that the risk increases when teens use alcohol and other drugs, engage in unsafe sexual behaviors, and engage in behaviors that result in unintentional injury. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

Two types of knowledge are included in the National Health Education Standards. The first type is knowledge of health content. The second type is knowledge of A.process and skills as applied to healthy living B.benchmarks and performance standards C.how policy makers affect health education D.the rationale behind the standards

Correct Answer: A According to the National Health Education Standards, the second type of knowledge is knowledge of process and skills as applied to health and healthy living. Both types of knowledge are implied throughout the seven standards. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

Which of the following are the most commonly abused drugs? A.Depressants B.Stimulants C.Hallucinogens D.Anabolic steroids

Correct Answer: A Alcohol, which is the most commonly abused substance, is categorized as a depressant. Depressants are prescribed or taken to reduce anxiety or act as sedatives or anticonvulsants. They lower inhibitions and produce feelings of well-being. Choices (B), (C), and (D) are drugs of abuse but none of them is the most common drug of abuse. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

The shift in major causes of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases to chronic diseases has presented health educators with the challenge of A.finding ways to promote personal behavior changes and a healthy lifestyle B.increasing medical services provided by advanced technology C.increasing government spending on health care D.eliminating risk-taking behavior

Correct Answer: A Most research data indicate that the leading causes of death and disability are associated with lifestyle-related behaviors. If everyone eliminated smoking and other drug use, became physically active, and practiced better dietary behaviors, then many of the chronic diseases that have replaced infectious diseases as the major health concern in the twenty-first century would be eliminated. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

The performance indicators for the National Health Education Standards suggests expectations for what students should know and be able to do by the end of which of the following grade levels? A.Grades 2, 5, 8, and 12 B.Grades 1, 5, 9, and 12 C.Grades K, 6, 8, and 10 D.Grades 3, 5, 7, and 11

Correct Answer: A Performance indicators for the National Health Education Standards (NHES) are written expectations for what students should know and be able to do by grades 2, 5, 8, and 12. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

Which of the following should a teacher do first when planning for the beginning of the school year? A.Assess students' prior knowledge B.Choose several topics of personal interest and plan units C.Continue lesson planning from the last unit covered the previous year D.Ask students which areas they enjoyed the most from the year before

Correct Answer: A Prior to teaching new material, the students need to be assessed on prior knowledge, which can be achieved through formative assessment. It will not be beneficial for the students to learn topics that the teacher personally finds interesting. Asking the teacher who taught the students the previous year is a helpful way to track what students may or may not have learned yet, however starting where that particular teacher left off is not recommended. While reviewing the areas students enjoyed most may be a motivational technique it will not assess students' prior knowledge. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

Life events such as getting married, beginning a new career, developing new friendships, and mastering a new physical activity most likely cause which of the following? A.Eustress B.Distress C.Optimal stress D.Physiological stress

Correct Answer: A Stress is part of modern life. It can be positive or negative. Positive stress, or eustress, allows health and performance to continue to improve even though the level of stress increases. At some point, however, optimal levels of stress become too much and distress occurs, which adversely affects health and performance. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

The tendency of adolescents to imagine they are always being scrutinized by others is best described as A.the imaginary audience B.adolescent egocentrism C.the invincibility fable D.the sunk-cost fallacy

Correct Answer: A The concept of the imaginary audience is a stage in human development when adolescents falsely assume that their appearance and behavior is constantly viewed by, and under the scrutiny of, others. The correct answer, therefore, is (A).

Answer the question by clicking on the correct response. Question:Which of the following correctly defines mortality and morbidity? MortalityMorbidity Death rateIllness rateA. Death rateInjury rateB. Illness rateDeath rateC. Injury rateIllness rate

Correct Answer: A The definition of mortality is death rate. Morbidity represents the rate of illness. Therefore, the correct answer is (A).

Which of the following behaviors are likely to be characteristic of a health-literate person? Select all that apply. A.Gathers current, reliable health information from a variety of sources before deciding on a dieting program B.Works collaboratively with community members to promote smokers' rights C.Advocates for daily physical activity in local schools D.Implements conflict-management skills to resolve a family dispute

Correct Answer: A, C, D The correct answers are (A), (C), and (D). According to the National Health Education Standards, the four characteristics of a health-literate person are being a critical thinker and problem solver; being a responsible, productive citizen; being a self-directed learner; and being an effective communicator

Which of the following best describes the use of a behavior management intervention for a health class? A.Preparing in advance to prevent misbehavior B.Assisting to stop a behavior after it develops C.Preparing a list of classroom rules D.Helping a student with a substance abuse problem

Correct Answer: B According to the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), in a behavior management intervention a teacher should assist in stopping a behavior after it develops. Choices (A) and (C) are prevention and consequence strategies for classroom behavior management. Choice (D) deals with assisting a student with a personal issue. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

Ms. Kwan has designed a new sex education curriculum for her district's health education program. She would like to get some preliminary impressions from the parents of her students before implementing the curriculum. Which of the following techniques is the best for her to use? A.Conducting a case study B.Assembling a focus group C.Presenting the curriculum to a small sample of students and asking for parent feedback D.Carrying out a review of literature of sex education

Correct Answer: B Focus groups are used to assess needs and gain early impressions for program and curriculum planning. This method is used to get feedback from representatives of a stakeholder group. A case study involves deep documentation of a single event or program as it is carried out, and a convenience sample involves actually implementing the curriculum with a set of students prior to parent input. While a review of literature may be helpful, the data may not be representative of her particular district. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections results in a chronic condition even when treated medically? A.Syphilis B.Genital herpes C.Chlamydia D.Vaginitis

Correct Answer: B Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV remains in certain nerve cells for life and can flare up, or cause symptoms, when the body's ability to maintain itself is weakened. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

An individual who consumes 2,350 calories a day but burns only 2,000 calories a day can be expected to gain how many pounds after 30 days? A.2 pounds B.3 pounds C.4 pounds D.5 pounds

Correct Answer: B One pound of fat that is gained represents 3,500 calories that are taken in but not expended. In the 30 days, the individual's calorie intake exceeded his or her calorie expenditure by 10,500 calories (350 x 30 = 10,500). The weight gained, in pounds, is determined by dividing the total number of excess calories by the number of calories equivalent to 1 pound of fat (10,500 ÷ 3,500 = 3). This individual can be expected to have gained 3 pounds of fat. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

Recent Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) survey results found that which of the following behaviors was on the rise among high school students? A.Seeking testing for HIV B.Smoking electronic cigarettes C.Drinking soda daily D.Using condoms

Correct Answer: B The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six types of health-risk behaviors that contribute to leading causes of death and disability. According to data from the YRBSS's 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey given to high school students, although the prevalence of current cigarette use decreased significantly from 28% percent in 1991 to 11% in 2015, new data found that 24% of high school students reported using e-cigarettes during the past 30 days. All of the other choices showed a decline. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) maintains a national database of behavioral data for adolescents that can assist health educators in planning programs. The title of the database is A.Healthy People 2020 B.The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) C.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report D.Adolescent and Family Health Journal

Correct Answer: B The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) provides vital information on risk behaviors among young people to target and improve health programs more effectively. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

The direct exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is a function of which of the following structures? A.Trachea B.Alveoli C.Bronchioles D.Bronchi

Correct Answer: B The air passes through the throat into the trachea or windpipe. The trachea divides into the left and right bronchi. Like a branch, each bronchus divides again and again, becoming narrower and narrower. The smallest airways end in the alveoli, small thin air sacs that are arranged in clusters like bunches of balloons. When you breathe in by enlarging the chest cage, the alveoli expand as air rushes in to fill the vacuum. When you breathe out, the "balloons" relax and air moves out of the lungs. Tiny blood vessels surround each of the 300 million alveoli in the lungs. Oxygen moves across the walls of the air sacs and is picked up by the blood and carried to the rest of the body. Carbon dioxide or waste gas passes into the air sacs from the blood and is breathed out. The correct answer, therefore, is (B).

The primary purpose of physical education and physical activity within the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, formerly the coordinated school health approach, is to A.emphasize physical fitness activities only B.provide a planned and sequential instruction program promoting lifelong activity C.provide a basic-skills program that serves as a prerequisite to competitive sport D.focus on physical development and nutrition education

Correct Answer: B Within the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, physical education and physical activity are described as a planned program featuring sequential instruction that is aimed at promoting lifelong physical activity. It is designed to develop basic movement skills, sports skills, and physical fitness as well as to enhance emotional, mental, and social wellness. The correct answer, therefore, is B.

Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be exhibited by a student who is a victim of bullying? A.The student lacks empathy for others. B.The student seeks out role models who are kind. C.The student isolates himself or herself. D.The student acts with kindness toward others.

Correct Answer: C Generally, bullies do not pick their victims at random. Bullies tend to choose victims that are different, lack social skills, isolate themselves from others, have few or no friends and therefore, do not have a support network. Choices (A) and (B) are characteristics of a bully, and choice (D) is inconsequential as the victim may be nice to others. The correct answer, therefore, is (C).

Which of the following is the best way for health educators to keep up with new technology and trends in their field? A.Keeping all college health and science textbooks and referring to them frequently B.Reading popular magazines that contain health articles and quizzes C.Attending health seminars and conferences D.Reading popular diet and exercise books

Correct Answer: C Health seminars and conferences discuss current trends, new technology, and research developing in the field. They are also a great place to meet and share ideas with other professionals in health education. Textbooks are valuable sources of information but they may become outdated in time. Popular magazines do not generally publish research studies, and diet and exercise books are written for profit, not necessarily for promoting health education in schools. The correct answer, therefore, is (C).

Which of the following resources can most effectively be used to implement the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, formerly the coordinated school health (CSH) approach? A.Community medical centers, health services, and fitness clubs B.The health experts at the local public health department C.A school wellness committee D.Federal government agencies and corporations in the private sectors

Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. A school wellness committee is the best place to start when implementing the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model.

Kulie and Sally are arguing over which kind of pizza to order. Together they decide that they will get a cheese pizza because it is Julie's birthday and that is her favorite, but next week they will get a pepperoni pizza because that is Sally's favorite. Which of the following terms best describes the skills Julie and Sally used to solve their conflict? A.Collaboration B.Mediation C.Compromise D.Empathy

Correct Answer: C The two girls came to a compromise by making a deal in which each party gave up part of their demand. Choice (A) requires individuals to work together only. Choice (B) is when two parties sit down with another unbiased individual to come to a resolution. Choice (D) is the ability to identify and understand the feelings and ideas of another person. The correct answer, therefore, is (C).

Which of the following best describes class III obesity according to the World Health Organization (WHO) ? A.A person having a BMI of 18.5-24.9 B.A person having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 C.A person having a BMI of 35.0-39.9 D.A person having a BMI of above 40

Correct Answer: D According to the World Health Organization (WHO) there are three classes of obesity. Class I obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30.0-34.9. Class II obesity is defines as having a BMI of 35.0-39.9. Class III obesity is defined as having a BMI of 40.0 or greater. The correct answer, therefore, is (D).

Isabella and Rosa have been best friends since they were in high school, however, Rosa has developed a new set of friends since she went to college. Rosa notices that Isabella has not been successful in forming new friendships with other people. Which of the following strategies would best help Rosa maintain a friendly relationship with Isabella despite their different interests? A.Talking to Isabella about her new friendships and experiences at college B.Inviting Isabella to accompany her and her new friends to an event C.Advising Isabella to make a stronger effort to identify people who share the same interests D.Reassuring Isabella that although her interests are changing, she still values their friendship

Correct Answer: D Life events such as going to college often change people and friendships. Although people may form new friendships and develop new interests, they still value old friendships. Talking to Isabella about her new friendships and experiences at college is only likely to make Isabella jealous. Inviting Isabella to accompany her and her new friends to an event would be a thoughtful gesture, but would not help Isabella to make her own friends. Advising Isabella to make a stronger effort to identify people who share the same interests is not a good strategy. The correct answer, therefore, is (D).

Which of the following is an example of a listening skill? A.Using "I" messages B.Thinking before speaking C.Being direct without being rude D.Asking questions where appropriate

Correct Answer: D Listening skills are vital elements in establishing good communication and healthy relationships. Asking questions when appropriate is an important component of active listening. Choices (A), (B), and (C) are speaking skills. The correct answer, therefore, is (D).

In which of the following ways can a health educator help families keep their children healthy? A.Meeting with the parents to provide them with ways to improve care and support for the student B.Making a home visit if the student has said something about the home or family that concerns the health teacher C.Discretely giving the student money to purchase clothes and food D.Participating in the formation of a school health advisory council

Correct Answer: D Participating in the formation of a school health advisory is an appropriate step in the formation of a wellness committee or student health advisory group consistent with the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model, formerly the coordinated approach to school health. Choices A, B, and C describe actions that are outside the job description of the health education teacher. The correct answer, therefore, is D.

Which of the following is a level of reflection that relies on a teacher's ability to examine his or her beliefs, values, expectations, and assumptions affect student learning? A.Surface reflection B.Pedagogical reflection C.Critical reflection D.Self-reflection

Correct Answer: D Surface reflection is the first level of reflection in which teachers use strategies and methods to reach predetermined goals such as maintaining order. Pedagogical reflection is a level in which teachers use educational goals, the theories underlying approaches, and the connections between theoretical principles and practices. Critical reflection is a level in which teachers consider moral and ethical implications and consequences of classroom practices on students. Self-reflection is the final level in which teachers examine how one's beliefs, values, expectations, and assumptions impact student learning. The correct answer, therefore, is (D).

Which of the following pairs of federal agencies are responsible for creating and updating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? A.National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration B.Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services C.Department of Health and Human Services and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture D.Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services

Correct Answer: D The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are recommendations to help Americans to eat healthful diets and maintain a healthy weight, promote health, and prevent disease. They are created every five years through the collaboration of the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The correct answer, therefore, is (D).