Pre-AP Biology~Chapter 14 Test Review

why has no baby been born without a least one X chromosome?

Chromosomes containing genes that are vital to living are one 1 X chromosome

write the normal female genotype:

(46) XX

write the normal male genotype:

(46) XY

show all possible punnett squares for #30 in the space below

...

Human females produce eggs that have ___ X chromosomes.

1

TRUE OR FALSE (pedigrees can be used to do the following) 1. determine whether a trait is inherited 2. show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next 3. determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive

1. true 2. true 3. true

if a couple has 6 girls, that is the probability that the next child will be a girl?

1/2

What percentage of human egg cells carries an X chromosome?

100%

people who have sickle cell disease inherited how many copies of the sickle cell allele?

2

this means that a normal female has ____ X chromosomes

2

which of the following could be observed using a karyotype? 1. homologous chromosomes 2. sex-chromosomes 3. gene mutations 4. autosomes

2 & 4

How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?

46 (23 pairs)

what is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be male? ___ Female? ___

50%...50%

what percentage of human sperm cells carries an X chromosomes? ____ Y? _____

50%...50%

a person who has the blood type AB can receive a transfusion from which blood type?

A, B, AB, O

list the 4 blood types in humans

A, B, AB, O

a person who has a blood type A can receive a transfusion from which blood types?

A,O

if a man with type B blood and a woman with type A blood produce an offspring, what might the offspring's blood type be?

AB, B, A, O

list 3 genetic disorders discussed in class that are caused by dominant alleles: ____, ____, ____

Achondroplasia, hypercholesterolemia, huntington's

cross blood type AB with blood type O. What are the possible blood type's for the offspring?

B, A

a person who has blood type B can receive a transfusion from which blood types>

B, O

the formation of a ____ _____ causes genes on one of the X chromosomes in the female cell to be switched _____. In effect, the condensed X chromosome is in _________.

Barr Body...off...activation

the process of ______ _______ is used to identify a person based on DNA evidence.

DNA fingerprinting

the ________ _________ Project is an attempt to sequence all human DNA.

Human Genome

list the 2 possible genotypes for type A blood

IA IA, IA i

list the only possible genotype for type AB blood

IA IB

list the 2 possible genotypes for type B blood

IB IB, IB i

A ___________ is a picture of chromosomes grouped together in order by pairs.

Karyotype

_______ are typically used to determine whether a person has inherited the normal number of ________ or an extra __________.

Karyotype...chromosomes...chromosome

what is the name of the disorder that occurs in males who inherit XXY?

Klinefelter's syndrome

alleles found on the same chromosome are _____.

Linked

The ABO blood group in humans is an example of _________ alleles

codominant

The alleles IA & IB for the ABO blood group are considered to be _________.

codominant

The process of DNA fingerprinting, the DNA probe that is used is _______ to the DNA sequence of the repeats.

complementary

the purpose of gene therapy is to ____________.

cure genetic disorders

what gender is a cat that has only 1 color?

either-can't tell just by color

what (likely) gender is a cat that has 3 colors?

female

in cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein CFTR to ____ improperly.

fold

the process of ____ ________ replaces a faulty gene with a normal working gene.

gene therapy

sickle cell disease is caused by a small change in DNA of a single_____

gene/base

the 1st step in gene therapy is to ______ the faulty gene that causes the disease.

identify

list the only possible genotype for type O blood

ii

Label what the following symbols represent in a pedigree... SQUARE: ____ CIRCLE: _____ SHADED: ____ NOT SHADED:____ HORIZONTAL LINE:____ VERTICAL LINE:____

male...female...expresses trait...doesn't express trait...connects parents...connects parents to offspring

a boy who has hemophilia inherited the disorder from his ______. how do you know?

mother...dad gave son 'y' and this is x-linked

Can the information obtained from the Human Genome Project help tell whether an allele is dominant or recessive?

no

the process of DNA fingerprinting s based on what fact?

no 2 people, except identical twins, have the same DNA

________ is the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly.

nondisjunction

The Human Genome was sequenced by looking for ______ regions of DNA between sequenced DNA _______.

overlapping...fragments

a ________ is a diagram that follows the inheritance of a single gene through several generations of a family.

pedigree

When scientists sequenced chromosome 21 and 22 they found out that some regions of these chromosomes do not code for ______, making them unstable. They also realized that the long stretches of repetitive DNA where not only unstable but sites where _______ can occur.

protein/genes...rearrangement

the allele for colorblindness is _________ and is located on the ______ chromosome.

recessive...X

Therefore, a person can be tested for the allele that causes Huntington's disease because the DNA ________ of that allele is different from that of the normal allele

sequence

scientists test for alleles that cause human genetic disorders by detecting the DNA _______ found in those alleles. What instrument do they use to do this?

sequences...probes

_____-__________ genes are located on the 23rd pair chromosome

sex-linked

list the genetic disorder discussed in class that are caused by codominant alleles: _____

sickle cell (anemia)

a female with the disorder _______ syndrome inherits only one X chromosome. What is her genotype?

Turner's...45 X

human genes associated with color vision are located on the ____ chromosome.

X

The _____ & _______ chromosomes determine sex/gender.

X & Y

most sex-linked disorders are found on the ____ chromosome only. however, sex-linked genes may be located on both the ___ & ___ chromosome.

X...X & Y

Human males produce sperm with either one ___ or one _____ chromosome.

X...Y

this means that a normal male has one ___ chromosome and one ____ chromosome.

X...Y

therefore, one of the ____ chromosomes in a ______ cel forms a Barr Body.

X...female

compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease has _______ sequence of ______ acids.

a different...amino

list 5 genetic disorders discusses in class that are caused by recessive alleles: ____, ____, ___, ____, ____

albinism, cystic fibrosis, PKU, tay-sachs, galactosemia

nondisjunction can involve which of the following: autosomes, sex chromosomes, homologous chromosomes, none, all?

all

_________ are the first 44 (22 pairs) of human chromosomes.

autosomes

a person who has blood type O can receive a transfusion from which blood types?

O

A person with _____ is unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine.

PKU

_____ ____________ are chromosomes that determine gender. they are your 23rd pair of chromosomes.

Sex Chromosomes

why is colorblindness more common in males than females?

because the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.

a person with PKU inherited a recessive allele from _____ parents.

both