Pre-AP WestCiv 9.1-9.2

Monk

A man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to pursue a life of total dedication to God

Vassal

A man who served a lord in a military capacity

Ordeal

A means of determining guilt in Germanic law based on the idea of divine intervention involving physical trials, like holding a red-hot iron; it was believed divine forces would not allow innocent people to be harmed, so if the accused person was unharmed, they were innocent

Tournament

Contests where knights could show their fighting skills

Nun

Could be considered female monks, as they withdrew from the world to dedicate themselves to God

Angelo-Saxons

Descended from Germanic tribes migrating to Britain in the early 4 AD; their time is between 550 and 1066, which is between their settlement and the Norman Conquest; their language is Old English; after mid-1000's it's known as Middle English

Pepin

He was one of the mayors of the palace who assumed the kingship of the Frankish state for himself and his family; defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours

Knight

Heavily armored cavalry that dominated warfare in Europe for almost five hundred years

Benedictine Monk: >Physical Activity for a certain amount of Time >Prayer 7 times a day >Chanting of Psalms >Eat/Sleep together >Copy manuscripts

List the daily activities of the Benedictine monks

Vikings

Norsemen of Scandinavia, who came from the North; they were a Germanic people known for their love of adventure

Eleanor of Aquitaine

One of the most famous women (specifically, queens), as she was dominant over her husband, King Henry II

Visigoths

Split from the Ostrogoths in 375; Ulfilas translated the Bible into their language and preached Arianism until Prince Athanaric told him to withdraw (348); invasion of the Huns caused most to go to Emperor Valens to join Roman Empire; Frankish King Clovis accepted Catholicism and wanted to drive heretics out of Gaul, causing Visigothic Gaul to fall to the Franks; end up in Spain

The crucial social bond among the Germanic peoples was the family, especially the extended family of husbands, wives, sisters, brothers, cousins, and grandparents. They worked the land together and passed it down to future generations, and provided protection for each other

Summarize the crucial social bond among the Germanic peoples and one area of its application

Wergild

The amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killed; means "money for a man" and was actually the value of the person in money, according to social status

Bishopric

The area of authority of a bishop

Saint Benedict

Wrote rules for the community of monks he established

Gregory 1

A sixth century pope who strengthened the papacy of the Roman Catholic Church; ruled from 590 to 604 and also served as a leader of the city of Rome and surrounding territories called Papal States, giving the papacy political power

Charlemagne

Also known as Charles the Great, this king was a decisive man, a fierce warrior, a pious Christian, and supported learning even though he himself could not write

Chivalry

An ideal of civilized behavior evolved among nobility under the influence of the Catholic Church; a code knights were supposed to uphold (in addition, they were to protect the church and defenseless, treat captured as honored guests rather than imprisoning them, and fight not for material rewards but glory, an idea not always followed)

Pope

Considered St. Peter's successors of the Catholic church; from the Latin word papa or "father"

Clovis

Established the Frankish kingdom; was a strong military leader who around 500 became the first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity, ignoring his wife's pleas until praying to Jesus Christ on the battlefield and receiving a sign

It created a civilization of peace where Romans, Germanic peoples, and Christendom culture all blended into one coexisting culture. This led to prosperity in land, education, and wealth because the fighting, which had been a great cause of depression, was minimized. The Roman leadership kept everything organized, the Germanic customs kept everyone close knit, and the spread of Christianity brought a need for printing the Bible and led to mass production of the book by hand-copying, which brought attention to the world that we needed a printing press (we wouldn't get one for a long time but the knowledge of necessity was there)

Explain the significance of Charlemagne's coronation as Roman emperor to the development of European civilization

Ostrogoths

Germanic people that lived on both sides of the Baltic Sea in Scandinavia and on the continent; chose Teja as their king, but annihilated in battle of Mount Vesuvius in 553 where the king was killed; last fortress fell in 555 and peopled disappeared, some Romanized in Italy, others wandering north among various Germanic tribes; Italy became a Byzantine province

Magyars

People of western Asia who moved into central Europe at the end of the ninth century, settling on the plains of Hungary and invading western Europe

Missionary

People sent out to carry a religious message

Feudalism

People turn to local landed aristocrats, or nobles, to protect them and it became important to survival to find a powerful lord who could offer protection in return for service

Scriptoria

Rooms set apart for writing, especially one in a monastery where manuscripts were copied

Fief

The grant of land made to a vassal; those who held these came to hold political authority

Abbess

The head of a convent of nuns

Monasticism

The practice of living the life of a monk, originally based on the model of the hermit who pursues an isolated spiritual life

Feudal Contract

Unwritten rules of Feudalism that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal; the major obligation of a vassal to his lord was to perform military service, usually forty days a year