Pre-Midterm 2 Quizzes

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of lactose intolerance? a) cramps b) bloating c) diarrhea d) constipation

d) constipation

Of the following list of foods which represents an insoluble fiber? a) oatmeal b) apples c) beans d) rye bran

d) rye bran

The energy expended to digest and store nutrients is called a) basal metabolic rate (BMR) b) resting energy expenditure (REE) c) resting metabolic rate (RMR) d) thermic effect of food (TEF)

d) thermic effect of food (TEF)

Which of the following is a true statement? a) Most Canadians do not have enough protein in their diet b) The Canada's Food Guide recommends the consumption of large amount of red meat to satisfy the needs in protein c) The amount of protein used by the body is estimated by calculating nitrogen loss from the body d) All choices are correct

c) The amount of protein used by the body is estimated by calculating nitrogen loss from the body

Oliogosaccharides are: a) a form of artificial sweetener b) a storage form of plant starch c) a carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units d) a disaccharide found in fruits and vegetables

c) a carbohydrate containing 3-10 sugar units

A person who has been diagnosed with PKU (Phenylketonuria) should refrain from consuming which sugar alternative? a) stevia b)saccharin c) aspartame d) sucralose

c) aspartame

Long term healthy weight loss is based on all the following principles except a) increasing physical activity b) adapting lifelong changes in eating habits c) eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories d) moderate portion sizes

c) eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories

In the hierarchy of nutrient use, which of the following is true? a) alcohol is metabolized the most slowly b) amino acids are easily stored for later energy needs c) first, carbohydrates are used to maintain blood glucose and build glycogen stores, and then remaining carbohydrate is oxidized for energy d) fats are metabolized rapidly and are rarely stored

c) first, carbohydrates are used to maintain blood glucose and build glycogen stores, and then remaining carbohydrate is oxidized for energy

The digestion of sucrose (table sugar) results in what two monosaccharides? a) maltose and glucose b) glucose and galactose c) fructose and glucose d) galactose and fructose

c) fructose and glucose

Lactose intolerance is caused by a) excess production of the enzyme lactase b) an allergic reaction to proteins found in milk and milk products c) inadequate production of the enzyme lactase d) the inability to produce the hormone insulin

c) inadequate production of the enzyme lactase

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet a) is not absorbed and is eliminated in the feces b) is filtered out of the blood and into the urine c) is absorbed without being completely digested d) provides amino acids that are not found in the human body

c) is absorbed without being completely digested

Why is a 10% weight loss over 6 months recommended as an initial weight loss goal? a) it promotes weight cycling b) it improves appearance c) it is associated with reduced health risks d) it results in a rapid loss of weight

c) it is associated with reduced health risks

Primarily, energy is stored in the body as ___ and ___ a) glycogen, triglycerides b) glucose, triglycerides c) muscle, glycogen d) protein, glucose

a) glycogen, triglycerides

Which of the following groups has the highest protein requirements (amount of protein required per unit of bodyweight)? a) infants b) adults who exercise c) adult women d) adult men

a) infants

Muscle glucose, stored as glycogen in the muscle a) must be used only by muscle cells. b) frequently is released into blood circulation. c) can be used by the liver. d) can be used as glucose anywhere in the body

a) must be used only by muscle cells

A kiwi and a soda both contain 140 calories but the kiwi is considered to be a ___ and the soda a ___ food: a) nutrient dense, empty calorie b) empty calorie, nutrient dense c) nutrient dense, unrefined food d) calorie dense, empty calorie

a) nutrient dense, empty calorie

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein? a) polypeptide b) monopeptide c) polysaccharide d) glycogen

a) polypeptide

Skinfold thickness measures a) subcutaneous fat b) visceral fat c) total fat d) body density

a) subcutaneous fat

Which phrase describes positive energy balance? a) the amount of energy taken in exceeds the amount expended b) the amount of energy consumed equals the amount expended c) less energy is taken in than is expended d) weight remains constant

a) the amount of energy taken in exceeds the amount expended

High fructose corn syrup in the diet leads to which of the following? a) the formation of fat b) a decrease in daily caloric intake c) a decrease in weight d) an increase in insulin production

a) the formation of fat

What phrase best describes the energy needed to maintain basic bodily functions such as the beating of your heat, as well as that needed to process food and fuel activity? a) total energy expenditure b) basal metabolism c) resting energy expenditure d) active metabolism

a) total energy expenditure

Which condition represents a state of positive nitrogen balance? a) wound healing b) illness c) injury d) surgery

a) wound healing

In order to decrease the likelihood of dental caries, which dietary planning choice would provide the best possible outcome? a) decrease the intake of bananas in the diet as they contribute a large amount of natural sugar b) decrease the intake of dairy food products as they are associated with large amounts of hidden sugars c) limit the amount of soda ingested in the diet and if not possible decrease the time spent sipping d) decrease the intake of starchy vegetables such as squash or potatoes in the diet as they contribute a large amount of natural sugar

c) limit the amount of soda ingested in the diet and if not possible decrease the time spent sipping

If no food is eaten for more than a few hours, gluconeogenesis occurs forming glucose from a) stored protein b) functioning body protein c) stored fat d) stored carbohydrate

b) functioning body protein

The ___ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose compared to the response of a reference food a) glycemic response b) glycemic index c) glyconeogenic index d) solubility index

b) glycemic index

The stimulus which prompts one to eat in response to internal physical cues is best described as a) appetite b) hunger c) behavioural modification d) satiety

b) hunger

If a person requires 1500 kcalories in a day and consumes 188g of carbohydrate, 73g of protein, and 45g of fat, in which of following energy states is the person a) balanced b) positive c) negative d) equilibrium

c) negative

A limiting amino acid a) does not supply the element nitrogen b) is present in short supply relative to the body's need c) cannot be used by the body during protein synthesis d) is used to synthesize nonprotein molecules that contain nitrogen

b) is present in short supply relative to the body's need

Which does not require amino acid deamination? a) metabolizing amino acids to produce energy b) manufacturing enzymes c) producing glucose from amino acids d) converting amino acids to fat

b) manufacturing enzymes

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by a) pancreatic enzymes b) pancreatic hormones c) enzymes produced by the small intestine d) liver hormones

b) pancreatic hormones

Indirect calorimetry measures ___ and ___ to estimate calorie expenditure in humans a) food consumed; heat produced b) food consumed; water excreted c) oxygen consumed; carbon dioxide expired d) oxygen consumed; sweat produced

c) oxygen consumed; carbon dioxide expired

Where does protein digestion begin? a) mouth b) small intestine c) stomach d) liver

c) stomach (by enzyme Pepsin)

Which of the following is not true about amino acids? a) they synthesize glucose b) they can be converted to fat c) they are comprised of only three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen d) they are energy yielding

c) they are comprised of only three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the a) ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in the polypeptide chain b) sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain c) carbon to nitrogen ratio in the polypeptide chain d) the number of peptide bonds present in the polypeptide chain

b) sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

The distribution of fat in the body can be an indicator of health risk. Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of heart disease, diabetes and breast cancer? a) subcutaneous fat deposited in the hips b) visceral fat deposited around the waist c) subcutaneous fat deposited in the thighs d) a pear shaped body

b) visceral fat deposited around the waist

Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by: a) weight in kg / height in m b) weight in kg / (height in m)^2 c) weight in kg / height in inches d) (weight in kg)^2 / height in m

b) weight in kg / (height in m)^2

At which rate of weight loss is most of what is lost fat and not lean tissue? a) 1 kg / day b) 3-5 kg / week c) 2.5-3 kg / week d) 0.5-1 kg / week

d) 0.5-1 kg / week

Ryan would like to lose some eight. His energy needs are 2400 kalories a day. If he eats about 1900 kcalories every day, in four weeks approximately how much weight will Ryan have lost due to changes in his diet? a) 1 kg b) 4 kg c) 9 kg d) 2 kg

d) 2 kg

Carbohydrates provide 60% of the energy in John's diet of 2700 kilocalories. This represents how many grams of carbohydrate? a) 100 b) 225 c) 300 d) 405

d) 405

One reason to get more of your protein from plants would be a) to get more fibre b) to get more poly and mono unsaturated fats c) to lower blood cholesterol d) All answer choices are correct

d) All answer choices are correct

Vegetarians have a lower risk of a) diabetes b) cardiovascular disease c) high blood pressure d) All answer choices are correct

d) All answer choices are correct

Which statement best describes gene expression? a) It always results in the translation of a protein. b) It is not affected by the level of nutrients in the body. c) It occurs for all genes, throughout the body, at all times. d) It includes the transcription of DNA to mRNA.

d) It includes the transcription of DNA to mRNA.

Of the following examples, which one is within the limits of the AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) of carbohydrates? a) a diet containing 2000 kcal and 400 g of carbohydrates b) a diet containing 2500 kcal and 200 g of carbohydrates c) a diet containing 2000 kcal and 100 g of carbohydrates d) a diet containing 2500 kcal and 375 g of carbohydrates

d) a diet containing 2500 kcal and 375 g of carbohydrates

Dietary fibre can help reduce blood cholesterol levels by a) binding cholesterol and bile acids in the GI tract b) blocking reabsorption of bile acids in the GI tract c) inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient? a) iron b) vitamin B12 c) calcium and vitamin D d) all these nutrients could be low

d) all these nutrients could be low

Which of the following would not result in an increase in an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR)? a) aging past 70 b) an increase in muscle mass c) increasing in body weight d) running a fever

a) aging past 70

Which of the following is a good source of complex carbohydrates? a) milk and dairy products b) meat, fish, and poultry c) fats and oils d) cereals and grains

d) cereals and grains

Complete protein sources can be found in which type of foods? a) oils b) fruits d) dairy products c) grains

d) dairy products

Which of the following parts of a whole grain contains fat and vitamin E? a) germ b) bran c) endosperm d) aleurone layer

a) germ

Just the Basics recommends that half your plate be covered with vegetables. a) True b) False

a) True

All of the following are examples of soluble fibre except: a) pectin b) guar gum c) lignin d) carageenin

c) lignin

The hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates food intake is a) ghrelin b) seratonin c) peptide PYY d) cholecystokinin

a) ghrelin

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin a) break large polypeptides into smaller peptides b) are needed to denature proteins c) rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide d) are needed to make nonessential amino acids

a) break large polypeptides into smaller peptides

Which of the following foods do NOT contribute significant amounts of protein in the Canadian diet? a) fruits b) meats c) cereals d) dairy products

a) fruits

What does the set-point theory suggest about body weight? a) Body weight is genetically determined and that there are internal mechanisms to defend against weight change. b) A set point of calorie consumption must be reached before weight loss can occur c) A maximum body weight exists for each individual and cannot be exceeded d) There is a level of calorie consumption above which no weight will be gained

a) Body weight is genetically determined and that there are internal mechanisms to defend against weight change.

A well documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is a) Dental caries b) Type 1 diabetes c) diverticular disease d) attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH)

a) Dental caries

Which statement about amino acid absorption is false? a) Each amino acid has its own specific transport system b) Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system c) If one amino acid is supplemented, it can slow the absorption of other amino acids d) Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine

a) Each amino acid has its own specific transport system

Which statement best describes a function of the amino acid pool? a) It is a source of energy especially when more protein is consumed than needed. b) It is a source of glucose but not fatty acids. c) It is used for the synthesis of body protein but not non-protein molecules. d) It is a source of fatty acids, but not glucose.

a) It is a source of energy especially when more protein is consumed than needed.

Which statement best describes the development of type-2-diabetes? a) It is usually the result of decreased ability of tissue to take up insulin and a decreased ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. b) It is usually the result of increased ability of tissue to take up insulin and a decreased ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. c) It is usually the result of increased ability of tissue to take up insulin and an increased ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. d) It is usually the result of decreased ability of tissue to take up insulin and an increased ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin.

a) It is usually the result of decreased ability of tissue to take up insulin and a decreased ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin.

Which is true regarding the disadvantages of using Body Mass Index as a means of assessing risk of chronic disease? a) Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI b) The BMI uses measurements which are cumbersome to obtain c) Calculating BMI is relatively expensive d) BMI calculations for men and women require different formulas

a) Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease? a) Type 1 b) Type 2 c) Gestational diabetes d) All of the above

a) Type 1

Protein denaturation can a) alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein b) decrease the nutrition value of a protein c) alter the sequence of amino acids in a protein d) break the peptide bonds holding a protein together

a) alter the three-dimensional shape of a protein

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's a) body weight b) urinary output c) height d) all answer choices are correct

a) body weight

What is the BMI of someone who weighs 145 pounds and is five foot, seven inches tall? a) 12.85 b) 22.26 c) 28.16 d) 35.22

b) 22.26

For which of the following would the recommended energy intake, per unit of body weight, be the lowest? a) 2-month old infant b) 80-year old female c) 26-year old woman, in third trimester of pregnancy d) 15-year old male

b) 80-year old female

Comparing the responses of fasting and 2 hour blood glucose testing, which of the following statements is the most accurate? a) There is no difference in range values between fasting and 2 hour testing for normal, prediabetic, or diabetic individuals b) Diabetics will experience a significantly higher plasma glucose level at a 2 hour blood glucose test than a person who is non-diabetic c) A person who is non-diabetic will have a blood sugar result of approximately 11 mmol/L for a 2 hour test d) A normal response for a fasting serum glucose level is 7.9 mmol/L

b) Diabetics will experience a significantly higher plasma glucose level at a 2 hour blood glucose test than a person who is non-diabetic

Of the following statements, which one is incorrect regarding the effects of indigestible carbohydrates on gastrointestinal function and health? a) Insoluble fibre formed through the ingestion of indigestible carbohydrates helps to stimulate gastrointestinal motility. b) Inclusion of indigestible carbohydrates in the diet reduces the likelihood of flatulence. c) Soluble fibre in the diet helps to increase viscosity thereby slowing nutrient absorption. d) Soluble fibre in the diet help promote development and interactions between helpful bacteria that may aid in suppressing bowel inflammation.

b) Inclusion of indigestible carbohydrates in the diet reduces the likelihood of flatulence.

Which statement about sources of protein is false? a) Animal sources of protein are used more efficiently by the human body than plant sources b) It is difficult to meet most people's protein requirements without consuming animal proteins c) Legumes provide about as much protein per 1/2 cup serving as a cup of milk d) Plant sources of protein can easily meet most people's protein requirements

b) It is difficult to meet most people's protein requirements without consuming animal proteins

Which of the following can result from a deficiency of protein and energy? a) PKU b) Marasmus c) Kidney Stones d) All answer choices are correct

b) Marasmus

Hemoglobin is an example of a) a defense protein b) a transport protein c) an enzyme d) an immune protein (antibody)

b) a transport protein

Abnormally high concentrations of blood glucose resulting from Type 2 diabetes are caused by: a) pancreatic cells no longer producing insulin, a condition called insulin resistance b) body cells not responding appropriately to insulin, a condition called insulin resistance c) abnormally high glucagons levels d) loss of muscle tissue

b) body cells not responding appropriately to insulin, a condition called insulin resistance

A good source of resistance starch is a) apples b) chilled, cooked potatoes c) whole grain bread d) oatmeal

b) chilled, cooked potatoes

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the obesity epidemic? a) easy access to energy-dense foods b) declining environmental cues to eat c) increased portion sizes, also known as portion distortion d) increased screen time at computers and televisions

b) declining environmental cues to eat

What is the consequence of insulin resistance in the liver? a) increased inhibition, by insulin, of VLDL synthesis and secretion b) decreased inhibition, by insulin, of VLDL synthesis and secretion c) decreased inhibition, by insulin, of the synthesis of glucose from fatty acids d) increased inhibition, by insulin, of the synthesis of glucose from amino acids

b) decreased inhibition, by insulin, of VLDL synthesis and secretion

Added sugars can best be described as a source of which of the following? a) unrefined carbohydrates b) empty calories c) carbohydrates that are nutrient dense d) carbohydrates with a full range of nutrients

b) empty calories

Overweight is defined as having a body mass index of ___ kg/m^2 a) 30-34.9 b) 35-39.9 c) 25-29.9 d) 20-24.9

c) 25-29.9

The acceptable range of carbohydrate intake for a healthy diet has been set at ___% of the total energy required a) 15-10% b) 30-45% c) 45-65% d) 65-80%

c) 45-65%

Which statement best describes why urea is synthesized? a) Deamination produces ammonia, which is insoluble in the blood b) Deamination produces ammonia, which is non-toxic, but can only be excreted after conversion to urea c) Deamination produces ammonia, which is toxic and must be converted to urea in the liver d) Deamination produces ammonia, which is toxic and must be converted to urea in the kidney

c) Deamination produces ammonia, which is toxic and must be converted to urea in the liver

Which of the following statements regarding the location of body fat is true? a) The location of body fat does not affect health risks. b) The greatest health risk is associated with subcutaneous fat. c) Increased visceral fat is associated with a higher incidence of heart disease. d) Generally, visceral fat is located in the hips and lower body.

c) Increased visceral fat is associated with a higher incidence of heart disease.

Which statement best describes the cause of sickle cell anemia? a) It is caused by insufficient protein in the diet b) It is caused by dietary deficiency of an essential amino acid c) It is caused by a change in the amino acid sequence in hemoglobin d) It is caused by changes in red blood cells that occur with aging

c) It is caused by a change in the amino acid sequence in hemoglobin (glutamate is replaced by valine)

Which guideline about weight loss is correct? a) All individuals with a BMI over 25 should lose weight b) If a child is obese, the weight should be lost as quickly as possible so it doesn't interfere with development c) Most people can reduce health risks with a 5-10% weight loss d) The health benefits of weight loss do not begin to accrue until normal weight is achieved

c) Most people can reduce health risks with a 5-10% weight loss

In response to a healthy person eating a large amount of carbohydrates in the diet, what would one expect to see? a) a decrease in insulin levels to normalize serum blood glucose levels b) a decrease in glucagon levels to release glucose into the bloodstream c) an increase in glucagon levels with no change in serum blood glucose levels d) an increase in insulin levels to help decrease serum blood glucose levels

d) an increase in insulin levels to help decrease serum blood glucose levels

Excessive intake of animal protein foods could cause a) excessive bone mineralization, causing brittleness b) a diet to be too low in energy c) increased waste production overworking the liver d) an increased risk of heart disease

d) an increased risk of heart disease

Which of the following is NOT a health risk associated with excess body weight? a) sleep apnea b) cancer c) diabetes d) elevated HDL cholesterol

d) elevated HDL cholesterol

When a diet is very low in kcalories and carbohydrate for a long period of time, what is likely to develop? a) diabetes b) hepatitis c) hyperglycemia d) ketosis

d) ketosis - not hyperglycaemia because can still have regulated blood glucose levels by converting proteins into glucose

In the short-term, which of the following substances does NOT determine hunger or fullness? a) cholecystokinin b) glucose c) ghrelin d) leptin

d) leptin - Cholecystokinin stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to expel bile; increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice

Which term best describes the continuous synthesis and breakdown of body proteins? a) deamination b) amino acid pool c) translation d) protein turnover

d) protein turnover

What change in lipid metabolism occurs in the obese individual that contributes to the development of type-2-diabetes? a) the excessive synthesis of triglycerides in liver and muscle, also known as lipotoxicity b) the excessive oxidation of triglycerides, also known as glycolysis c) the excessive synthesis of lipid byproducts that increase glucose uptake by cells d) the excessive synthesis of lipid byproducts that impair the action of insulin

d) the excessive synthesis of lipid byproducts that impair the action of insulin