prep 3 & 4: consequences of climate change

Technology used to reflect a portion of solar energy before it reaches the Earth is called _____ technology.

SRM

A form of geoengineering that is focused on removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is called a. CDR, or carbon dioxide removal. b. SRM, or solar radiation management. c. CCS, or carbon capture and storage.

a. CDR, or carbon dioxide removal.

Which of these describes a way that new technologies may be used to lessen the impact of climate change? a. Clean energy technology is aimed at preventing future contributions to greenhouse gas emissions. b. Clean energy technology is aimed at keeping future contributions to greenhouse gas emissions at their current level. c. Clean energy technology is aimed at reducing future contributions to greenhouse gas emissions.

a. Clean energy technology is aimed at preventing future contributions to greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of these describes how climate change is impacting the community level of biology? a. Climate change has promoted the success of invasive species, which ripples out into the native communities. b. Climate change has no measurable effects on invasive species. c. Climate change has prevented the success of invasive species, protecting native communities.

a. Climate change has promoted the success of invasive species, which ripples out into the native communities.

Select the factors that contribute to an individual's carbon footprint. a. Food choices b. Sources of electricity c. Opinions about biodegradable materials d. Choices in waste disposal e. Fuel for vehicles

a. Food choices b. Sources of electricity d. Choices in waste disposal e. Fuel for vehicles

How would you describe the impact of climate change, globally? a. Greenhouse gases and their effects impact the entire planet, reaching every biome on Earth. b. Most biomes are resilient enough to withstand climate change because of the adaptability of the communities that inhabit them. c. The reach of climate change is limited to coastal land and tropical areas near the equator.

a. Greenhouse gases and their effects impact the entire planet, reaching every biome on Earth.

Which scenarios describe the impact of climate change on global ecosystems? a. Increased temperatures cause a breakdown of symbiotic relationships with algae, creating a phenomenon called coral bleaching b. The range of insects capable of spreading diseases expands and contracts depending on temperatures. c. Grasslands are converted to deserts as they are cleared, temperatures rise, and precipitation is reduced. d. Poorly managed agricultural practices like cattle farming convert grasslands into desert wastelands.

a. Increased temperatures cause a breakdown of symbiotic relationships with algae, creating a phenomenon called coral bleaching c. Grasslands are converted to deserts as they are cleared, temperatures rise, and precipitation is reduced. d. Poorly managed agricultural practices like cattle farming convert grasslands into desert wastelands.

How is wind energy generated? a. It is generated mechanically using turbines. b. It is captured on panels. c. It is combined with uranium and used to boil water.

a. It is generated mechanically using turbines.

Select the pros of using wind energy over more common forms of energy. a. This mechanisms used to harness this resource are entirely non-polluting. b. This resource is relatively inexpensive. c. This resource can be gathered nearly anywhere.

a. This mechanisms used to harness this resource are entirely non-polluting. c. This resource can be gathered nearly anywhere.

An invasive species can be defined as a. a species that is more tolerant to change than most native species. b. a species that negatively impacts biodiversity. c. a species introduced out of its range. d. a species with no natural predators.

a. a species that is more tolerant to change than most native species. b. a species that negatively impacts biodiversity. c. a species introduced out of its range.

To prevent potential famine, some scientists are looking to genetically modify plants, and even some herd animals, so that they a. can withstand flooding and droughts. b. capture more of the sun's radiation. c. do not take up or release carbon dioxide.

a. can withstand flooding and droughts.

A calculation of the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by a specific entity is called a(n) a. carbon footprint. b. climate quotient. c. energy variable.

a. carbon footprint.

One of the pros of using geothermal energy over more common forms of energy is that it is a. cleaner than power generation based on fossil fuels. b. available just about everywhere. c. already being used on a small scale across most of the country.

a. cleaner than power generation based on fossil fuels.

The disruption of symbiotic relationships in ______ is causing a phenomenon called bleaching that is decimating these ecosystems. a. coral reefs b. deserts c. rain forests d. grasslands

a. coral reefs

What is geoengineering? a. development of technology that can alter Earth's environment to combat climate change b. a for of engineering that alters the genes of plants and animals to make them more tolerable to climate change c. design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built world

a. development of technology that can alter Earth's environment to combat climate change

All food choices contribute ______ to carbon emissions than others: fruits and vegetables contribute comparatively less than ______. a. differently; red meat and dairy b. evenly; locally grown fruits and vegetables c. differently; locally grown fruits and vegetables d. evenly; red meat and dairy

a. differently; red meat and dairy

Heat-related deaths and disruption of agricultural practices can be attributed to which aspects of climate change? a. drought b. decreasing snow and ice coverage c. heat wave d. increasing sea levels

a. drought c. heat wave

Select the methods that aim to address existing consequences of climate change. a. geoengineering b. genetic engineering of animals c. genetic engineering of plants d. alternative energy sources

a. geoengineering b. genetic engineering of animals c. genetic engineering of plants

Which of the following are consequences of heat waves and droughts? a. increase in heat-related deaths b. the contraction of the range of mosquitoes c. disruption to agriculture d. higher number of strokes and heart attacks

a. increase in heat-related deaths c. disruption to agriculture

Select the examples of invasive species disrupting community and ecosystem function. a. kudzu is outcompeting native plant species b. lionfish compete with snapper and grouper throughout the Caribbean c. the Bramble Cay melomys is believed to have gone extinct d. ticks have expanded their range

a. kudzu is outcompeting native plant species b. lionfish compete with snapper and grouper throughout the Caribbean

Select the sources of geothermal energy. a. locations with significant tectonic or volcanic activity b. heat generated by the earth c. reservoirs of heated water d. anywhere on Earth

a. locations with significant tectonic or volcanic activity b. heat generated by the earth c. reservoirs of heated water

Common sources of alternative energy include a. solar, wind, and geothermal power. b. natural gas and fossil fuels. c. nuclear power and natural gas.

a. solar, wind, and geothermal power.

Select challenges to implementing technology like geoengineering and genetic engineering to address climate change. a. unknown effects b. funding c. availability of technology d. public acceptance

a. unknown effects b. funding d. public acceptance

Which of these methods aims to prevent future climate change? a. using alternative energy sources b. genetic engineering in plants and animals c. SRM technology d. CDR technology

a. using alternative energy sources

Which of these are common sources of alternative energy? a. wind b. solar c. geothermal d. natural gas

a. wind b. solar c. geothermal

Select the examples of invasive species disrupting community and ecosystem function. a. zebra mussels have driven native mussel species near to extinction b. mosquitos are now found much farther north in the United States c. gypsy moths outcompete native species d. rats carry disease and kill native birds

a. zebra mussels have driven native mussel species near to extinction c. gypsy moths outcompete native species d. rats carry disease and kill native birds

"Clean" energy and renewable energy are different ways of saying ______ energy, which is energy from sources like solar, geothermal, and wind.

alternative

How would you explain the concept of alternative energy sources? a. Alternative energy sources do not release any carbon into the atmosphere. b. Alternative energy sources do not require fossil fuels or natural gas. d. Alternative energy sources are not renewable.

b. Alternative energy sources do not require fossil fuels or natural gas.

Select the evidence that climate change has altered weather patterns. a. Average precipitation has decreased by 4% regionally b. Average temperatures have risen 1.2-1.8 degrees in the last 50 years c. Rates of regional heat waves are increasing d. Extreme precipitation events and droughts have increased e. Tornados have become more frequent f. Average precipitation has increased by 4% regionally

b. Average temperatures have risen 1.2-1.8 degrees in the last 50 years c. Rates of regional heat waves are increasing d. Extreme precipitation events and droughts have increased f. Average precipitation has increased by 4% regionally

Select evidence that climate change has altered weather patterns. a. Average precipitation has increased by 1.2-1.8 inches in the past century. b. Central and northeast regions of the US have increased precipitation. c. Average temperatures have increased by nearly 4 degrees since the 1950s. d. Western and southern regions of the US have reduced precipitation.

b. Central and northeast regions of the US have increased precipitation. d. Western and southern regions of the US have reduced precipitation.

Which of these is a pro of using nuclear energy as an alternative to generate electricity? a. It is easy to get the materials needed to generate nuclear energy. b. Nuclear energy doesn't use fossil fuels. c. Nuclear energy doesn't produce any pollutants.

b. Nuclear energy doesn't use fossil fuels.

Select any description of how climate change influences individuals and species. a. There is a decreased potential for disease to spread. b. The natural pace of evolution, namely extinction, is disturbed. c. The range of some individuals and species has expanded to include places that were once too cold to inhabit. d. There are more heatwaves and droughts that threaten the lives of individuals and species.

b. The natural pace of evolution, namely extinction, is disturbed. c. The range of some individuals and species has expanded to include places that were once too cold to inhabit. d. There are more heatwaves and droughts that threaten the lives of individuals and species.

How might you describe the influence of climate change on some species of mosquitoes and ticks? a. They are experiencing more heat-related death. b. Their range has expanded to include places that were previously too cold to inhabit, increasing their potential to spread disease. c. They are near extinction at a much faster pace than the natural pace of evolution because of habitat loss and changes in vegetation.

b. Their range has expanded to include places that were previously too cold to inhabit, increasing their potential to spread disease.

Select ways that animals can be genetically engineered to address climate change. a. They can be genetically engineered to require less food so less area can be cleared for grazing. b. They can be genetically engineered to require less water and withstand temperature extremes. c. They can be genetically engineered to release less methane.

b. They can be genetically engineered to require less water and withstand temperature extremes.

Which characteristic of invasive species do scientists associate with their ability to survive in new environments? a. reproductive rates b. adaptability c. simple genomes

b. adaptability

Biome distribution follows a pattern based on a. plants and animals native to the region. b. average temperature and precipitation in a region. c. carbon concentrations in the adjacent atmosphere of a region.

b. average temperature and precipitation in a region.

Which of these is a type of geoengineering? a. solar power b. carbon dioxide removal c. nuclear power d. plant culture

b. carbon dioxide removal

The term biome is used to describe similar types of a. populations. b. ecosystems. c. individuals. d. species.

b. ecosystems.

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM) are examples of which type of technology? a. genetic engineering b. geoengineering c. artificial intelligence d. bioengineering

b. geoengineering

What is the source of geothermal energy? a. the sun b. heat from the earth c. splitting atoms

b. heat from the earth

It may be difficult to continue using some plants and animals for agriculture because of a. freezing temperatures taking over in places that used to be temperate during the growing season. b. rising temperatures and extreme weather events like droughts and floods. c. melting ice covering land previously used to grow and graze.

b. rising temperatures and extreme weather events like droughts and floods.

A biological vector is a. an organism used to predict the effects of climate change. b. something that moves an infectious agent from one organism to another. c. one of the consequences of climate change, caused by temperature increase.

b. something that moves an infectious agent from one organism to another.

Scientists link the ability of invasive species to survive new environments to their ability to tolerate change, particularly with respect to a. loss of habitat. b. temperature and precipitation ranges. c. changes in available vegetation.

b. temperature and precipitation ranges.

The distribution of the world's _____follows a pattern based on average temperature and precipitation.

biome

Similar types of ecosystems are called

biomes

Across the planet, coral reefs are dying due to a phenomenon called coral _____

bleaching

Which of these is the best description of the concept of a carbon footprint? a. A calculation of the amount of carbon currently in the atmosphere minus the amount of carbon predicted to be removed by plants annually. b. A calculation of the amount of carbon directly released into the atmosphere by the actions of related entities. c. A calculation of the amount of carbon that is directly or indirectly released into the atmosphere by the actions of a specific entity.

c. A calculation of the amount of carbon that is directly or indirectly released into the atmosphere by the actions of a specific entity.

Choose the best description of the impact of climate change on the community level of biology. a. Biological communities need climate change so that species within their communities can continue to evolve. b. Biological communities are resilient enough that they can quickly adapt to climate change, so it is encouraging their evolution into more robust species and groups of species. c. Biological communities are linked to one another, so even minor changes within a community can have major effects.

c. Biological communities are linked to one another, so even minor changes within a community can have major effects.

Reforestation efforts and attempts to use the soil and oceans as carbon sinks are examples of a. genetic engineering. b. SRM technology. c. CDR technology.

c. CDR technology.

Which of these describes a way that new technologies may be used to lessen the impact of climate change? a. Carbon dioxide removal technologies seek to maintain the current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. b. Carbon dioxide removal technologies seek to find alternative ways to store the carbon dioxide that is currently in the atmosphere. c. Carbon dioxide removal technologies seek to lower the current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

c. Carbon dioxide removal technologies seek to lower the current level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What sort of factors are commonly contributed to an individual's carbon footprint? a. Their opinions on global warming and climate change. b. How warm it is and how much it rains where they live. c. How often and in what amounts they consume resources. d. How often they watch television versus reading the newspaper.

c. How often and in what amounts they consume resources.

Geoengineering aimed at preventing sunlight from becoming trapped by the atmosphere's greenhouse gas "blanket" and further heating the planet is called a. CDR technology. b. PCR technology. c. SRM technology.

c. SRM technology.

Select the accurate statements regarding solar energy. a. Solar energy is a nonrenewable resource. b. Solar energy doesn't produce any carbon dioxide. c. Solar energy is a constantly renewable resource. d. Solar energy produces less carbon dioxide than coal energy.

c. Solar energy is a constantly renewable resource. d. Solar energy produces less carbon dioxide than coal energy.

What are the consequences of rising temperatures on plants and animals used for agriculture? a. The consequences are potentially small: most agricultural plants and animals are already well-equipped to adapt to changing temperature and precipitation in order to survive. b. The consequences are minimal; most problems affect humans. c. The consequences are potentially great: raising plants and animals with too much or too little water or heat makes farming challenging and sometimes impossible.

c. The consequences are potentially great: raising plants and animals with too much or too little water or heat makes farming challenging and sometimes impossible.

Select all of the values you require to describe the concept of a carbon footprint. a. The molecular weight of carbon. b. A value equivalent to the tonnes of carbon exchanged in the atmosphere by plants. c. Tonnes of carbon emissions indirectly released into the atmosphere. d. Tonnes of carbon emissions directly released into the atmosphere.

c. Tonnes of carbon emissions indirectly released into the atmosphere. d. Tonnes of carbon emissions directly released into the atmosphere.

Implementing technology to address climate change faces challenges like __, especially for large-scale projects like space-focused solar reflection technology. a. public interest b. engineers c. funding

c. funding

Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns related to climate change result in a. more predictable weather patterns. b. hurricanes and tornadoes. c. heat waves and droughts. d. earthquakes.

c. heat waves and droughts.

Implementing "climate safe" technology like alternative energy sources can be expensive, which often presents a challenge because a. the general public doesn't really understand the technology. b. there are too many unknown variables. c. individuals and corporations don't want to adapt to expensive changes.

c. individuals and corporations don't want to adapt to expensive changes.

A species that has been introduced out of its range, usually through human actions, is called a(n) a. native species. b. keystone species. c. invasive species. d. top predator.

c. invasive species.

One of the cons of using geothermal energy as an alternative energy source is that a. converting geothermal energy to electricity is expensive. b. it produces dangerous by-product. c. this resource is not available everywhere.

c. this resource is not available everywhere.

In biology, a __ is something that moves an infectious agent from one organism to another, like an insect. a. parasite b. plasmid c. vector

c. vector

Using solar power instead of coal results in the release of less _____ _____ into the atmosphere.

carbon dioxide

In terms of an individual, a measure of their impact on the climate, calculated based on the amount of carbon emitted because of their choices for energy, food, transportation, and other factors, is called a _____ ______

carbon footprint

Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns result in heat waves and _____, particularly in the southern and western United States.

drought

Coral reefs across the planet are _____ due to a phenomenon called coral bleaching.

dying

Also called climate engineering, _____ is the development of technology that directly alters Earth's environment to combat climate change.

geoengineering

The two most important insect vectors are ticks and _____, which can transmit diseases like malaria and Zika virus.

mosquitoes

In order to explain the concept of alternative energy sources, it is important to know the difference between _____ resources like fossil fuels and resources like solar and _____ wind energy.

nonrenewable renewable

The sources of _____ energy, which is sometimes called "clean" energy, include solar, wind, and geothermal energy.

renewable

The two most important insect vectors are _____, which carry Lyme disease, and mosquitoes.

ticks

The warming temperatures associated with climate change allow for an expanded range for insects like mosquitos and _____, which serve as vectors for diseases like malaria and Lyme's disease.

ticks

Climate change has the potential to increase human exposure to certain diseases, such as those carried by mosquitoes. This is because warming temperatures allow for an expanded range for these insects, which serve as vectors for diseases like _____, Zika virus, chikungunya, and dengue fever.

west nile

Energy from the _____ is generated mechanically on turbines.

wind

Arrange these food choices from the lowest carbon emissions to the highest carbon emissions, starting with the highest at the top.

1. Beef 2. Chicken 3. Produce (fruits and vegestables) 4. Locally grown produce