Prep U 2

The client has been diagnosed with a serious infection caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli. The client has been prescribed IV gentamicin. What statement by the client should the nurse follow up most promptly?

"I feel like I'm having trouble hearing the last little while"

After teaching a client who is receiving doxycycline about the drug, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client makes what statement?

"I need to wear protective clothing when I'm out in the sun"

A client has asked the nurse to research a drug that the client read about online. The nurse's research reveals that it is an orphan drug. What should the nurse teach the client about this drug?

"It could be very difficult to access this drug because it's not readily available on the market"

A young child has been brought to the clinic with signs and symptoms that are consistent with otitis externa. What assessment question should the nurse ask to address the etiology of this health problem?

"has your child been swimming a lot lately?"

A client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been started on insulin therapy to control glucose levels. The client does not want to take any medications that come from an animal source. What is the best response by the nurse?

"many forms of insulin, such as genetically engineered, do not use animal products"

A middle-aged client with a complex history has begun multidrug treatment for TB. Which assessment question is most therapeutic?

"what kinds of routines would work for you to ensure that you don't miss doses of your rifampin?"

A client has been prescribed 2 tablets of 150 mg isoniazid every day. The available drug is in the form of a 100-mg tablet. To meet the recommended dose, the nurse will administer _______ tablets each time.

3

The nurse is caring for a group of clients involved in phase 3 of a drug study. Which tasks is the nurse supposed to perform in clinical testing? (Select all that apply.)

Address how clients feel about the clinical trial Note the pharmacologic and biologic effects of the drug carefully

A nurse is preparing to administer morphine. The nurse understands that this drug is categorized as which schedule of a controlled substance?

C-11

A physician has ordered subcutaneous injections of morphine every 4 hours as needed for pain for a motor vehicle accident victim. Morphine has a high abuse potential and is categorized in which class of drugs?

C-II

Which drug is a first-generation cephalosporin used as a surgical prophylaxis?

Cefazolin

Which is an example of a black box warning by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?

Difficulty breathing and maintaining an airway

Which agency is responsible for the enforcement of controlled substances?

Drug Enforcement Agency

An instructor is preparing for a class focusing on drug evaluation. The instructor plans to explain why male volunteers are usually selected for drug testing during a phase I study. What would the instructor include as the major reason?

Drugs may harm a woman's ova, which cannot be replaced after birth

As part of a class discussion, a nursing instructor describes which agency as being responsible for the approval of new drugs in the United States?

FDA

Which agency evaluates drugs that have completed phase III?

FDA

People and companies that are legally empowered to handle controlled substances must follow what procedures? (Select all that apply.)

Keep accurate records of all transactions Be registered with the DEA Provide for secure storage of controlled substances

The nurse is transcribing physician orders for a client with pneumonia who has been admitted to the hospital. Why should the physician order the medications using the generic name instead of a brand name?

Numerous brand names may exist for the same drug, so the generic drug should be ordered

A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing the second phase of standard TB treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following combinations of drugs need to be administered to the client?

Rifampin and Isoniazid

Which statement correctly defines a drug?

a drug is any chemical that can affect living processes

The nurse is caring for a client that states, "This is so stressful. I have to smoke marijuana to bring myself some peace." What behavior does the nurse identify this client is experiencing?

a psychological dependence

A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. What might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development?

administering investigational drugs to patients

The nurse should advise the client to avoid taking which medication at the same time as a fluoroquinolone?

antacids

A client has been diagnosed with depression following several months of reduced concentration and sleep difficulties. The client has been prescribed bupropion SR 150 mg PO b.i.d. What should the priority nursing assessment be?

assessment of the client's mood and affect

The nurse is preparing to administer the drug papaverine (Pavabid). What does the nurse identify the name Pavabid as?

brand name

A nurse is to administer several drugs. A drug belonging to which class would the nurse interpret as being contraindicated for a pregnant woman?

category X

What is the manufacturer's responsibility during phase IV of a drug trial?

continue to monitor the drug's effects while the drug is in general use

A client is started on aripiprazole and the nurse notices the client is experiencing dry mouth and nasal congestion. What intervention does the nurse teach the client to minimize the side effects of the medication?

drinking frequent sips of water

A 22-year-old man has been accepted as a participant in a drug trial while his female friend of the same age was rejected. What is the most likely rationale for this decision?

drugs pose a risk to the woman's ova

What information does a drug label contain? (Select all that apply.)

expiration date of the medication generic name brand name special drug warnings

What potential adverse reaction is most likely to develop during cefazolin therapy?

gastrointestinal upset

The nurse is currently participating in phase IV of a clinical study of a chemotherapeutic drug. What action would the nurse be expected to perform during this phase of testing?

gathering data from clients taking the drug after it has been released to the market

What term is used to describe drugs identified by their chemical or official name in order to be independent of any manufacturer's assigned name?

generic

What statement describes a required characteristic of all generic drugs?

generic drugs must be therapeutically equivalent to brand name drugs

After teaching a group of students about the indications for use for aminoglycosides, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which type of infection as a primary indication?

gram-negative infections

The nurse is performing an assessment on a 7-year-old child in the clinic. The nurse observes the child's teeth are darkly stained. What information should the nurse obtain from the parent?

has the child taken tetracycline for treatment?

An 80-year-old client is diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection. What is a risk for the elderly population when being treated with INH?

hepatoxicity

A patient who has been on penicillin therapy for several days has developed inflamed oral mucous membranes and swelling in the tongue and the gums. The primary health care provider has diagnosed it as a fungal superinfection of the oral cavity resulting in impaired oral mucous membranes. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform?

inspect mouth and gums regularly

Which drug may be derived from an animal source?

insulin

A client being treated for tuberculosis is determined to be drug resistant. Which medications will no longer be effective in the treatment of the tuberculosis?

isoniazid and rifampin

A client is prescribed penicillin V orally for a strep throat. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?

it inhibits cell wall synthesis

A client is prescribed isoniazid (INH) for a diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which adverse effect will result in discontinuation of the medication?

jaundice

The nurse is assessing a client who has been prescribed treatment with isoniazid. What assessment finding would most likely necessitate contacting the health care provider to recommend discontinuing treatment?

jaundice

A male client is placed on an IV regimen of aztreonam. The nurse would expect the health care provider to order which laboratory test?

liver function

A client is receiving rifampin and isoniazid in combination for treatment of tuberculosis. What would the nurse need to monitor closely?

liver function studies

A client is being treated with phenytoin for treatment of seizures. What should the nurse monitor to prevent toxic reactions to drugs in a client?

monitor client's blood level of the drug

A 72-year-old patient with TB is undergoing standard treatment in a health care facility. Which of the following nursing interventions should the nurse perform during ongoing assessment of the treatment?

monitor for appearance of adverse reactions

A 25-year-old woman is being treated with penicillin G as prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis prior to a dental procedure. The nurse should question the client concerning her the use of:

oral contraceptives

A client with a rare genetic disorder is prescribed a medication specific to this disorder. What is the name given to drugs manufactured by companies that receive tax benefits to invest in these drugs?

orphan drugs

What is a major disadvantage of using over-the-counter (OTC) medications?

people may choose an OTC that interacts with another medication

What is the branch of pharmacology that uses drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease?

pharmacotherapeutics

Which phase of drug development is associated with continual evaluation of the drug?

phase IV study

A client is receiving levofloxacin (Levaquin) IV. During an infusion, the client reports pain and the nurse notes a reddened area along the vein. What does the nurse suspect?

phlebitis

What event triggers the development of a superinfection?

proliferation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms

The nurse is reviewing the medication history of a client who is prescribed penicillin therapy. Use of which medication would alert the nurse to the possibility of the client's increased risk for an anaphylactic reaction?

propranolol

The nurse has administered the first dose of a client's newly-prescribed antibiotic. What assessment finding should the nurse interpret as adverse effect that suggests a more serious concern?

rash to the face and trunk

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV vancomycin. The nurse infuses the medication at the prescribed rate to prevent what from occurring?

red man syndrome

A client with a complex medical history is showing signs and symptoms of sepsis. What aspect of this client's health history would rule out the safe and effective use of an aminoglycoside antibiotic?

the client has chronic renal failure

A nurse is teaching a client about the pharmacotherapeutics of the hormone replacement therapy that the client has been prescribed. What topic should the nurse address?

the effect of the drug on the client's body

The nurse received an order for furosemide (Lasix). Why should the nurse write the generic name on the order sent to the pharmacy?

there is less change of the wrong drug being given, because trade names can be similar

A client is taking penicillin for an upper respiratory infection. The client calls the office after 2 days of therapy reporting nausea and abdominal pain. Which would be the best instruction for the nurse to give the client?

these are normal side effects, but if they increase in severity or frequency, you need to contact the office again

After teaching a group of students about the sources of drugs, the instructor determines that the students need additional teaching when they identify what as an example of a drug from a plant source?

thyroid hormone

The client reports cough, low-grade fever, anorexia, and night sweats. The client has also been coughing up blood at times. What disease does this client most likely have?

tuberculosis

A health care center is conducting a seminar on cephalosporins drugs. During the question-and-answer period, the audience wants examples of conditions that can be treated by cephalosporins. Which of the following infections should the nurse state as examples?

urinary tract infections

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a woman who will be taking amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media. The nurse teaches the client that which symptom indicates the development of a superinfection and should be reported to the physician?

vaginal itching and discharge

In preparation for discharge, the nurse is teaching a client about the prescription for telithromycin. The nurse should instruct the client to contact a health care provider if the client experiences:

yellowing of the eyes or skin