prep u ch 10-12,14

The nurse working at a community clinic is caring for a young male client. The client asks the nurse if he could get AIDS from being sprayed in the face with breast milk. Select the best response by the nurse.

"Breast milk can contain the virus that causes AIDS, but to be infected, the milk needs to be in contact with your mucous membranes or an open sore."

A clinic health care provider has noticed an increase in the number of clients getting tested for Lyme disease. In addition to blood testing, what other manifestations will clients diagnosed with Lyme disease display? Select all that apply. nosebleeds "bull's eye" red rash joint pain and swelling headaches diarrhea

"bull's eye" red rash joint pain and swelling headaches

A client was unaware that intestinal flora are beneficial, stating, "I thought all bacteria were bad." Which is the nurse's most accurate response? "Any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another is called a host." "The term 'mutualism' is applied to an interaction in which the microorganism and the host both derive benefits from the interaction." "An interaction such as this is called commensalism: The colonizing bacteria acquire nutritional needs and shelter, and the host is able to keep their numbers under control." "There's a parasitic relationship by which the bacteria benefits but there's a minimal effect on the host's health."

"The term 'mutualism' is applied to an interaction in which the microorganism and the host both derive benefits from the interaction."

__________________________ responses create immune complexes that are deposited in the affected tissues, activating an inflammatory response.

Type III hypersensitivity

Which outpatient is at a greater risk for developing Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis? Select all that apply. A male who frequents clubs catering to exotic dancers and sexual favors An older adult female living in a condominium who regularly has sex with three to four different men per week A homosexual male couple who have had a monogamous relationship for the past 20 years A homeless adolescent female performing oral sex for money

A homeless adolescent female performing oral sex for money A male who frequents clubs catering to exotic dancers and sexual favors An older adult female living in a condominium who regularly has sex with three to four different men per week

___________ immunity is acquired when the host mounts an immune response to an antigen either through the process of vaccination (artificial means) or from environmental exposure (natural means). REQ HOSTS OWN IMMUNITY SYS TO DEV AN IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSE

Active

______________ immunity is acquired through exposure to antigens, and having the B and T lymphocytes develop a response

Active

A client is brought to the physician's office with a raised, red macular rash on the trunk and arms accompanied by a fever. A diagnosis of measles is made. Which type of immunity does this disease process provide? Active artificial immunity Active natural immunity Passive natural immunity Passive artificial immunity

Active natural immunity

__________________ immunity is when the immune system responds to antigens and is moderated by B and T lymphocytes.

Adaptive

_____________________ represent a disruption in self-tolerance that results in damage to body tissues by the immune system.

Autoimmune diseases

Select the statement that best describes autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases represent overuse of the immune system that causes damage to the body tissues. Autoimmune diseases represent a disruption in self-tolerance that results in damage to body tissues by the immune system. Autoimmune diseases represent an increase in self-tolerance that results in damage to body tissues by the immune system. Autoimmune diseases result from an overuse of antibiotics that causes damage to body tissues by the immune system.

Autoimmune diseases represent a disruption in self-tolerance that results in damage to body tissues by the immune system.

_____________ results from a failure of tolerance

Autoimmunity

______________ is used to provide feedback to a person concerning the current status of some body function, temperature, temporal artery pulsation, blood pressure, or muscle tension.

Biofeedback

The nurse on the pediatric unit is implementing distraction strategies for a child who is experiencing pain. Which strategies would be best for the nurse to implement? Select all that apply. Silence Music Acetaminophen Bubbles Games Television

Bubbles Music Television Games

Which clients should the nurse assess for a type III hypersensitivity immune responses resulting in injury to the vascular system? Select all that apply. Facial droop and impaired speech Extensive edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis Newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Wheezing on inspiration Liver failure exhibiting bleeding tendencies

Extensive edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis Newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A hiker presents to the emergency department with reports of flu-like symptoms—thirst, nausea, and inability to urinate. Upon assessment, it is determined that the client has a rectal temperature of 102.2°F (39°C) and is tachycardic. These symptoms support a diagnosis of: Heat cramps Heatstroke Malignant hyperthermia Heat exhaustion

Heat exhaustion

___________________ reactions are exaggerated immunologic responses to environmental, food, or drug antigens that would not affect most of the population.

Hypersensitivity

infants are normally deficient in __________________ because Igs do not normally cross the placenta.

IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE

The nurse is teaching a new mother about caring for her baby and reducing the risk for infection. On what principle does the nurse base the knowledge of passive immunity? IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD

IgG

A pregnant client is in labor and the obstetrician suspects that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. If an infection was present, which labs test would be elevated in the fetus at birth? IgG IgM IgD IgE

IgM

What is the term for parasitic relationships between microorganisms and the human body in which the human body is harmed? Infectious disease Communicable disease Commensal disease Mutual disease

Infectious disease

A client with a history of cancer and recent chemotherapy was hospitalized with fever, weakness, shortness of breath and productive cough. A bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy showed granulomas containing the fungus Histoplasma. Based on client history and the biopsy results, a nurse can conclude that the most likely cause of this infection was due to which reason? A dormant enveloped virus, shed from an infected cell surface, mutated and caused an active infection. Ingestion of fungi led to the development of pneumonia. Inhalation of fungi and decreased host defenses permitting an opportunistic infection. Cancer cell mutations allowed for the overgrowth of fungi in the respiratory system.

Inhalation of fungi and decreased host defenses permitting an opportunistic infection.

A child has a congenital condition in which the thymus gland is absent. What should the nurse include in the education of care of this client to the parents? Observe and report any signs of bleeding. Do not immunize the child with inactive or live viruses. Report if the child has 2 to 3 loose stools in a day. Observe and report signs and symptoms of infection.

Observe and report signs and symptoms of infection.

______________ immunity is when the antibodies against an antigen are transferred directly to the host, such as when a fetus gains from the mother's immune system.

Passive

A client who is being treated for chronic low back pain is using a TENS unit for relief of pain. The nurse is aware that the use of this device is considered what type of pain relief? Distraction Biofeedback Stimulus-induced analgesia A physical agent

Stimulus-induced analgesia

Children feel pain just as much as adults do. What is the major principle in pain management in the pediatric population? Treat pediatric pain the way the parents want it treated. Treat on individual basis and match analgesic agent with cause and level of pain. Always use nonpharmacologic pain management before using pharmacologic pain management. Base treatment of pain on gender and age group.

Treat on individual basis and match analgesic agent with cause and level of pain.

A client with otitis media is ordered to receive amoxicillin. The client questions the nurse on how the drug works. Which statement describes how penicillin works? This drug causes the interruption of nucleic acid synthesis. This drug causes the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. This drug causes interference with a specific step in bacterial cell wall synthesis. This drug causes the interference with normal cell metabolism.

This drug causes interference with a specific step in bacterial cell wall synthesis.

what type of hypersensitivity reactions are dependent upon IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils and the subsequent release of chemical mediators of the inflammatory response.

Type I

what type of hypersensitivity or cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies directed against target antigens on specific host cell surfaces or tissues and result in complement-mediated phagocytosis and cellular injury.

Type II (antibody-mediated)

what type of hypersensitivity is caused by the formation of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the bloodstream, which are subsequently deposited in vascular epithelium or extravascular tissues and which activate the complement system and induce a massive inflammatory response.

Type III (immune complex)

__________________ hypersensitivity involves tissue damage in which cell-mediated immune responses with sensitized T lymphocytes cause cell and tissue injury. Although all are T cell mediated, the pathophysiologic mechanisms and sensitized T-cell populations involved differ.

Type IV (cell-mediated)

A 20-year-old male presents at the clinic complaining of severe fatigue, night sweats, and fever. While taking the client's history, he reports having multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex. HIV/AIDS is suspected. What diagnostic test would be ordered to confirm the diagnosis? Western blot assay ALEA Complete metabolic panel Eastern blot assay

Western blot assay

With ______________ there is no net benefit or loss, such as is seen in a parasitic relationship; the host is separate from the bacteria.

commensalism

_____________________ is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder in which heat generated by uncontrolled skeletal muscle contraction can produce severe and potentially fatal hyperthermia.

malignant hyperthermia

____________ lymphocytes that are generated remain in the body for a longer time and can respond more rapidly during repeat exposures to an antigen related to their acquired memory.

memory T and B

A person has been exposed to a particular antigen and a now experiences a repeat exposure. What stimulates a quicker immune response? Memory T cells Macrophages Antibodies Immunity

memory t cells

A woman experiences a viral infection while pregnant. Which type of immunity does an infant have at birth against this infection? Adaptive Passive Tolerance Active

passive

the _____ is a specialized primary lumphoid of the immune sys. t cells are critical to the adaptive immune sys

thymus

cytotoxic cells are involved with _________________ responses.

type II and type IV hypersensitivity

Autoantibodies are involved with ____________ responses;

type II hypersensitivity