PREP- U Chapter 2- Theory, Research, and Evidence -Informed Practice

Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks? a. Theoretic frameworks guide physiologic nursing care. b. Theoretic frameworks guide psychosocial nursing care. c. Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice. d. Theoretic frameworks advance the ethical aspects of practice.

- Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.

The nurse is studying nursing models for a Baccalaureate course. Which action made by the nurse exemplifies proper application of the Adaptation model?

- helping the client adjust to blood sugar testing each morning

A nurse admitting a client to the home health service is gathering information for the client's database. Within the database, the nurse gathers information on the client's health history, past surgeries, diet, exercise, psychosocial status, family and support persons, and spirituality. This information will assist in the development of the client's plan of care. This is considered a:

- holistic database (Exp. Nurses deal with the whole person, examining the physical, psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual aspects of each client's life. The whole-person concept emphasizes a holistic approach to professional nursing.

The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory

- person (Exp. Using the PICO(T) format, "P" refers to the population, which in this case is adults. "I" refers to the intervention, which is reducing salt intake. "C" refers to comparison, which is no change in salt intake. "O" refers to the outcome, which would be lower blood pressure. "T" refers to the time of interest, if relevant.

What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?

- qualitative

Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and: a. use of outcome studies to guide decisions. b. evaluation by experts to direct care in specialty areas. c. care based on pathophysiologic factors. d. cost efficiency of treatment models.

- use of outcome studies to guide decision (Exp. Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and the use of outcome studies to guide decisions. The other answers do not represent the primary emphasis of evidence-based care but represent other approaches (specialty or expert knowledge, traditional medical model, and economic concerns).

A nurse is completing a family assessment on a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with a severe peanut allergy. The mother states that she does not purchase any foods with peanut or peanut oil for her family. The other children are allowed to have foods containing peanuts while they are at school and visiting with friends and family. The nurse would conclude that which of the following theories would most like be the basis for this family's functioning?

-Adaptation Theory (Exp. Adaptation theory is based on an understanding of humans and their interaction with the environment. In this situation the mother is manipulating the physical environment for the child with allergies, as well as the needs and/or desires of the other children. Systems theory is described as studying relationships between a whole and identifying how parts interact and behave. Developmental theory is based on growth and maturation of humans. Maslow's theory is based on a pyramid of human needs related to the most primitive needs moving toward higher level needs, such as self-actualization.)

A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client? a. Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian. b. Set up diabetic home meal delivery for the client. c. Assist the spouse with online grocery shopping. d. Authorize an unlicensed nursing personnel to cook for the client.

-Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietician (Exp. According to Dorothea Orem's theory, the role of the nurse is to facilitate self-care to sustain life and health, to recover from disease or injury, or to cope with its effects. Arranging an evaluation appointment with a dietitian facilitates self-care because the nurse is providing a service that assists the client and spouse to progressively maximize their self-care potential. People learn behaviors that they perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being. The other options are providing care for the client, not facilitating self-care.)

A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICOT format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?

-Chromium Supplements ( In this question, the intervention (I) would be the use of chromium supplements. The population (P) would be overweight clients. The comparison (C) would be no supplements. The outcome (O) would be weight loss. The T is for time, which is not reflected in this scenario.)

When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?

-Evaluating Practice Change

Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice? a. Theory development b. Evidence-based research c.Client-focused care d. Case management

-Evidence-based research ( Ex. Evidence-based research is translational research that forms the bridge between theory and practice. Theory development is how desirable change in society is best achieved. Client-focused care is care provided to a client that maintains the client as a functional component of healthcare team. Case management is when care is provided to an individual client by a healthcare provider.

Which are goals of nursing theory?

-Provide knowledge and a rationale for client interventions -Provide a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation -Identify and define concepts that are important to nursing -Increase the nursing body of knowledge

Which theory describes how humans adjust to life with other living things and with the environment?

-adaptation theory

Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge?

-authoritative knowlege

One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to: a. quantify outcomes related to clients. b. determine outcomes for clients. c. generate knowledge to guide practice. d. prevent further disease and death.

-generate knowledge to guide practice (Exp. One of the major reasons for conducting nursing research is to generate knowledge to guide practice. The other answers pertain to other aspects of nursing practice but not to nursing research.)

A nurse is searching the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for information about evidence-based practice related to pain control measures. The nurse searches this database based on the understanding that these reviews reflect which type of research?

-randomized, controlled trials ( Exp. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), located at the Cochrane Collection (http://www.cochrane.org/) is a full-test database containing systematic reviews and protocols (reviews still in progress) of the effects of health care interventions. Most of the reviews available on the CDSR are randomized, controlled trials; they are considered the gold standard of high quality, systematic reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews does not include descriptive qualitative studies, opinions of authorities, or reports of expert committees.)

Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?

- Nursing Theory

Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?

- Nursing theory

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "I read a research article about the importance of beans in the Latino diet. The findings from the study suggested that inclusion of meat and beans in the diet would help in the development of muscles and bones." The information that the client is expressing is known as what? a. Traditional knowledge b. Authoritative knowledge c. Scientific knowledge d. Philosophical knowledge

- Scientific Knowledge

The director of nurses (DON) in a long-term care facility has noticed an increased number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) on the east wing of the facility, and would like the infection control nurse to investigate this problem. What is the best problem statement for this study?

"Is there a relationship between the personnel caring for specific clients and whether or not these clients developed UTIs

Outcome of translational research , the bridge between theory and practice

- Evidence-based practice

A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding

National Institute of Nursing Research

What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?

Nursing care now uses EBP as means of ensuring quality care ( Exp. The facilitation of EBP involves identifying and evaluating current literature and research, as well as incorporating the findings into client care as a means of ensuring quality care. The other answers are incorrect; they were used even before EBP became a major force in the delivery of nursing care.)

A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?

Preventing Skin Breakdown

Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?

Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.

When describing how to formulate a hypothesis, which item would a nurse researcher identify as the focus of the study?

Variables (Variables, or the properties that vary from each other, are the focus of the study. It is these variables that are evaluated to arrive at the outcome. A research problem must be testable — that is, measured by qualitative or quantitative methods. However, testability is not the focus of the hypothesis. Evidence-based practice is the outcome of translational research, the bridge between theory and practice.

One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:

generate knowledge to guide practice.

Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research?

drug metabolism

Nursing research is linked most closely to: a. propositions. b. outcome measures. c. treatments. d. nursing process.

nursing process (Nursing research and the nursing process use scientific models which share many similarities. This sharing found between the formalized research process and the nursing process format is an integral part of nursing education. Treatments and outcome measurements are components of the nursing process.)