Prepu: Chapter 26: Growth and Development of the Toddler ML 7

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old boy during a well-child visit. The nurse correctly identifies the child's current stage of Erikson's growth and development as:

autonomy versus shame and doubt The Erikson stage of development for the toddler is autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this period of time the child works to establish independence. Trust versus mistrust is the stage of infancy. Initiative versus guilt is the stage for the preschooler. Industry versus inferiority is the stage for school-aged children.

The nurse has completed an examination of a 32-month-old girl with normal gross and fine motor skills. Which observation would suggest the child is experiencing a problem with language development?

Her vocabulary is between 10 and 15 words. A 3-year-old child typically has a vocabulary of approximately 900 words, asks many questions, uses complete sentences consisting of 3 to 4 words, and talks incessantly. Thus a vocabulary of 10 to 15 words suggests a language problem.

The parents of a toddler are asking the nurse if their child is lagging behind since the child does not have a very large vocabulary at the present time. Many times their toddler just points to an object and the parents give it to the toddler. Which concepts/statements should the nurse share with this family about language development of a toddler? Select all that apply.

Read aloud to the toddler to help build and strengthen vocabulary by pointing to pictures in the book. Since toddlers imitate what they hear, use good grammar and incorporate pronouns like "I" and "you." Reinforce language by voicing a request, "You want the apple?"

In discussing their 2-year-old's behavior with the nurse, which of the parents' statements suggests the child may be ready for toilet teaching?

The child hides behind her bedroom door when defecating.

The nurse is assessing a healthy 2-year-old client. Which assessment finding most concerns the nurse?

The child speaks in one-word sentences. A 2-year-old child not using at least two-word sentences is a sign of a potential developmental delay. Normal development for a 2-year-old child is standing on tiptoes and pointing to named body parts. Having difficulty with stairs is considered a potential delay in a 3-year-old, not a 2-year-old child.

A mother reports her 2-year-old daughter has gradually eaten more and more poorly since her 1-year-old well-child visit. The nurse assesses the child's growth and development as normal. What concept explains the mother's concern?

physiologic anorexia Physiologic anorexia results when the rapid growth of infancy slows in toddlerhood and less food is required for body size.

The nurse is providing parental anticipatory guidance to promote healthy emotional development in a 12-month-old boy. Which statement best accomplishes this?

A regular routine and rituals will provide stability and security.

A nursing instructor is leading a class discussion exploring the various aspects of Erikson's theories of the developmental tasks of toddlers. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which task as a priority for toddlers?

Learning to act on one's own Erikson's psychosocial developmental task for toddlers is to achieve autonomy (independence) while overcoming doubt and shame. Erikson's psychosocial developmental task for infants is to develop a sense of trust. Learning to speak and to understand and respond to discipline are not developmental tasks according to Erikson.

What is physiologic anorexia?

Physiologic anorexia results when the rapid growth of infancy slows in toddlerhood and less food is required for body size.

During a wellness care visit, the parents of a 2-year-old toddler report that they are struggling to deal with their toddler's daily and increasing number of tantrums. What information should be provided to the parents? Select all that apply.

Tantrums are a common occurrence for a toddler of this age. Maintaining a consistent daily routine can help to reduce tantrums. Ignoring the behavior is often helpful in reducing the duration of the tantrum.

A toddler's parents want to begin toilet training. As a rule, the best instruction the nurse could give them is:

bowel training is easier than urine training.

The nurse is talking to the parent of a 19-month-old toddler about setting limits and supervising activities. In which situation will the nurse recommend letting the toddler do as he or she pleases?

exploring one's body Children learn about gender differences during the toddler years. They observe differences between male and female body parts if they are exposed to seeing it.It is normal for toddlers to explore their genitals as they develop their own sense of self. The parent should allow this and not punish the child.

A toddler's parent reports that their child will only eat peanut butter and jelly sandwiches for several days in a row. The child will then refuse to eat these sandwiches for several weeks. How should the nurse best document this behavior?

food jag' During a food jag, the toddler may prefer only one particular food for several days, then not want it for weeks. Physiologic anorexia describes the fact that toddlers do not require as much food intake for their size as they did in infancy. Echolalia is repetition of words and phrases. Egocentrism describes the focus on oneself that is present in toddlers.

A parent tells the nurse that no matter what is asked of the toddler, the toddler says, "No." What suggestion might the nurse make to help the parent handle this situation?

give the toddler secondary, not primary, choices

The nurse is providing education to a parent about their 20-month-old child's growth. The parent states that their child seems to have such a big head. What information should the nurse include in the response?

The heads of children at this age are large in proportion to the rest of their body.

A mother expresses surprise to the nurse that her daughter has begun masturbating. The most important initial nursing response is that:

this is a normal and expected activity best treated matter-of-factly.

The father of a 2-year-old girl tells the nurse that he and his wife would like to begin toilet training their daughter soon. He asks when the right time is to begin this process. What should the nurse say in response?

"When she starts tugging on a wet or dirty diaper, she is letting you know she's ready."

The parents of a 30-month-old toddler have brought the toddler into the emergency department because of a seizure. During the health history, the nurse learns that the toddler was frustrated and angry immediately preceding the seizure. The nurse suspects the toddler had a breath-holding spell. Which parental report suggests breath-holding?

A tantrum preceded the event.

When does physiologic anorexia typically occur?

Physiologic anorexia typically occurs when the rapid growth of infancy slows in toddlerhood.

The nurse is supervising a play group of children on the unit. The nurse expects the toddlers will most likely be involved in which activity?

playing with the plastic vacuum cleaner and pushing it around the room