PrepU Chp 28: Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities
A client is preparing to leave the blood bank after donating a unit of blood. Which teaching will the nurse provide to the client at this time?
"Avoid heavy lifting for several hours."
A nurse is teaching a client with a vitamin B12 deficiency about appropriate food choices to increase the amount of B12 ingested with each meal. The nurse knows the teaching is effective based on which statement by the client?
"I will eat a meat source such as chicken or pork with each meal."
Which of the following cells are capable of differentiating into plasma cells?
B Lymphocytes
A patient with chronic kidney disease is being examined by the nurse practitioner for anemia. The nurse has reviewed the laboratory data for hemoglobin and RBC count. What other test results would the nurse anticipate observing?
Decreased level of erythropoietin
The nurse expects which assessment finding when caring for a client with a decreased hemoglobin level?
Decreased oxygen level
Which blood cell type is matched correctly with its function?
Leukocyte: Fights infection
A nurse is transfusing whole blood to a client with impaired renal function. During the transfusion, the client tells the nurse, "I feel very short of breath all of a sudden." What is the nurse's primary action?
Stop the infusion.
The nurse recognizes that the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in an adult is
bleeding
A nurse cares for a client with megaloblastic anemia who had a total gastrectomy three years ago. What statement will the nurse include in the client's teaching regarding the condition?
"The condition is likely caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency.
A nurse is caring for a client who will undergo total knee replacement and will have an autologous transfusion. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching the client about the transfusion?
"You typically donate blood 4 to 6 weeks before the surgery."
Which client is not a candidate to be a blood donor according to the American Red Cross?
26-year-old female with hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL
A client with Hodgkin disease had a bone marrow biopsy yesterday and reports aching at the biopsy site, rated a 5 (on a 1-10 scale). After assessing the biopsy site, which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
Administer acetaminophen 500 mg po, as ordered
The nurse is obtaining the health history of a client suspected of having a hematological condition. The nurse notes the client has a history of alcohol abuse. Which clinical presentation is related to alcohol consumption?
Anemia
The physician performs a bone marrow biopsy from the posterior iliac crest on a client with pancytopenia. What intervention should the nurse perform after the procedure?
Apply pressure over the site for 5-7 minutes
Which type of leukocyte contains histamine and is an important part of hypersensitivity reactions?
Basophils
A nursing instructor in a BSN program is preparing for a lecture on disorders of the hematopoietic system. Included in the lecture are conditions caused by reduced levels or absence of blood-clotting proteins. Which of the following is the instructor most likely referring to?
Coagulopathy
The nurse is instructing the client with polycythemia vera how to perform isometric exercises such as contracting and relaxing the quadriceps and gluteal muscle during periods of inactivity. What does the nurse understand is the rationale for this type of exercise?
Contraction of skeletal muscle compresses the walls of veins and increases the circulation of venous blood as it returns to the heart.
When conducting a health assessment on a client suspected for having a hematological disorder, the nurse should collect which data? Select all that apply.
Dietary intake Medication use Ethnicity Herbal supplements
A client donated two units of blood to be used for transfusion during spinal fusion surgery. The client received one unit of autologous blood during the procedure but the second unit is not needed during the procedure. The nurse knows which action will come after the procedure is completed?
Discard the additional unit.
A client receiving a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) has been prescribed morphine 1 mg intravenously now for pain. What is the best method for the nurse to administer the morphine?
Disconnect the blood tubing, flush with normal saline, and administer morphine.
During a blood transfusion with packed red blood cells (RBCs), a client reports chills, low back pain, and nausea. What priority action should the nurse take?
Discontinue the infusion immediately and maintain the IV line with normal saline solution using new IV tubing
The charge nurse should intervene when observing a new nurse perform which action after a client has suffered a possible hemolytic blood transfusion reaction?
Disposing of the blood container and tubing in biohazard waste.
A client receiving a blood transfusion reports shortness of breath, appears anxious, and has a pulse of 125 beats/minute. What is the best action for the nurse to take after stopping the transfusion and awaiting further instruction from the health care provider?
Ensure there is an oxygen delivery device at the bedside
A client with severe anemia is admitted to the hospital. Because of religious beliefs, the client is refusing blood transfusions. The nurse anticipates pharmacologic therapy with which drug to stimulate the production of red blood cells?
Epoetin alfa
A client with chronic kidney disease has chronic anemia. What pharmacologic alternative to blood transfusion may be used for this client?
Erythropoietin
patient is undergoing platelet pheresis at the outpatient clinic. What does the nurse know is the most likely clinical disorder the patient is being treated for?
Essential thrombocythemia
The nurse cares for a client with a coagulation factor deficiency who is actively bleeding. Which blood component replacement does the nurse anticipate administering?
FFP
A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with an autosomal dominant hematologic disorder. Which disease does the nurse suspect?
Factor V Leiden
Which term refers to the percentage of blood volume that consists of erythrocytes?
Hematocrit
A client's electronic health record states that the client receives regular transfusions of factor IX. The nurse would be justified in suspecting that this client has what diagnosis?
Hemophilia
A nurse is caring for a patient who has had a bone marrow aspiration with biopsy. What complication should the nurse be aware of and monitor the patient for?
Hemorrhage
A client is scheduled for surgery to remove an abdominal mass. The nurse knows that which reason hemodilution would be contraindicated as a method to provide blood to the client during the surgery?
History of renal disease
A client is being treated for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Which medication will the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client?
Imatinib mesylate
A client scheduled for hip replacement surgery did not have enough time to have autologous donations completed. The nurse knows that which action will be performed if the client requires blood during the surgery?
Intraoperative blood salvage
The nurse is caring for a client who has a unit of whole blood removed every 6 weeks as treatment for polycythemia vera. Which laboratory test will the nurse monitor to determine if the procedure is adversely affecting the client?
Iron
A patient who has long-term packed RBC (PRBC) transfusions has developed symptoms of iron toxicity that affect liver function. What immediate treatment should the nurse anticipate preparing the patient for that can help prevent organ damage?
Iron chelation therapy
A client in acute renal failure has been prescribed 2 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). The nurse explains to the client that the blood transfusion is most likely needed for which reason?
Lack of erythropoietin
Albumin is important for the maintenance of fluid balance within the vascular system. Albumin is produced by which of the following?
Liver
Which cell of hematopoiesis is responsible for the production of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets?
Myeloid stem cell
Which is a symptom of severe thrombocytopenia?
Petechiae
The nurse is administering 2 units of packed RBCs to an older adult patient who has a bleeding duodenal ulcer. The patient begins to experience difficulty breathing and the nurse assesses crackles in the lung bases, jugular vein distention, and an increase in blood pressure. What action by the nurse is necessary if the reaction is severe? (Select all that apply.)
Place the patient in an upright position with the feet dependent. Administer diuretics as prescribed. Discontinue the transfusion. Administer oxygen.
A nurse cares for several mothers and babies in the postpartum unit. Which mother does the nurse recognize as being most at risk for a febrile nonhemolytic reaction?
Rh-negative mother; Rh-positive child
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity?
T lymphocyte
A nurse, caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reviews the client's differential WBC count. What type of WBC will the nurse check the level of?
T lymphocytes
The health care provider believes that the client has a deficiency in the leukocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity. What should the nurse check the WBC count for?
T lymphocytes
The nurse is caring for a client with hypoxia. What does the nurse understand is true regarding the client's oxygen level and the production of red blood cells?
The kidneys sense low oxygen levels in the blood and produce erythropoietin, stimulating the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
After providing the explanation, the instructor asks the students to use their knowledge of anatomy and physiology to determine an alternate way in which adults with diseases that destroy marrow can resume production of blood cells. Which explanation by the students is correct?
The liver and spleen can resume production of blood cells through extramedullary hematopoiesis.
A nurse working in hematology reviews the characteristics of stem cells and their role in disease. Which statements does the nurse understand is true regarding stem cells? Select all that apply.
There is a continuous supply throughout the life cycle. Lymphoid stem cells produce lymphocytes. Myeloid stem cells produce erythrocytes. They have the ability to self-replicate.
While caring for a client, the nurse notes petechiae on the client's trunk and lower extremities. What precaution will the nurse take when caring for this client?
Use an electric razor when assisting client with shaving.
The physician orders a transfusion with packed red blood cells (RBCs) for a client hospitalized with severe iron deficiency anemia. When blood is administered, what is the most important action the nurse can take to prevent a transfusion reaction?
Verify the client's identity according to hospital policy
A nurse cares for a client with myelodysplastic syndrome who requires frequent PRBC transfusions. What blood component does the nurse recognize as being most harmful if accumulated in the tissues due to chronic blood transfusions?
iron
