PrepU: Fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance

A client has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed and the health care provider has ordered a transfusion. At what rate should the nurse administer the client's packed red blood cells?

1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours

A physician orders an infusion of 250 mL of NS in 100 minutes. The set is 20 gtt/ml What is the flow rate?

50 get/min

The nurse is preparing to administer fluid replacement to a client. Which action should the nurse take first?

Verify the prescription for type of solution and amount of infusion.

A client's most recent blood work indicates a K+ level of 7.2 mEq/L (7.2 mmol/L), a finding that constitutes hyperkalemia. For what signs and symptoms should the nurse vigilantly monitor?

cardiac irregularities

The student nurse asks, "What is interstitial fluid?" What is the appropriate nursing response?

fluid in the tissue space and between and around cells

Which solution is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand the intravascular volume?

isotonic

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis whose breathing rate is 8 breaths/min. Which arterial blood gas data does the nurse anticipate finding?

pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64 mm Hg (8.51 kPa); HCO3: 42 mEq/l (42 mmol/l)

A client who recently had surgery is bleeding. What blood product does the nurse anticipate administering for this client?

platelets

A 50-year-old client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte?

potassium

A nurse is caring for a client who requires intravenous (IV) therapy. The nurse understands that which actions are the nurse's responsibilities related to this therapy? Select all that apply.

- deciding the location of the IV catheter - deciding the size of the IV catheter - administering the IV solution

A client with emphysema has aPaCO2 is 80 mm Hg on an arterial blood gas report. Which action(s) will the nurse take? Select all that apply.

-Monitor arterial blood gasses -Auscultate lung sounds -Monitor oxygen saturation -Provide breathing treatments and medications as prescribed -Elevate head of bed

A client with type AB blood has experienced a precipitous drop in hemoglobin levels due to a gastrointestinal bleed and now requires a blood transfusion. Which blood types may this client safely receive? Select all that apply.

A B AB O

The nurse is caring for a client who has had partial removal of the parathyroid gland. The client reports numbness and tingling of the hands and fingers as well as showing signs of tetany. Which imbalance does the nurse suspect?

hypocalcemia

Upon assessment of a client's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The client complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the area. These signs and symptoms are indicative of

phlebitis

An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as:

total parenteral nutrition

A nurse is inspecting the IV site of a client and notices that the site is swollen, red, warm to the touch, and painful. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

discontinue the IV and relocate it to another spot

A nurse is required to initiate IV therapy for a client. Which should the nurse consider before starting the IV?

Ensure that the prescribed solution the expected color and consistency.

An older adult has fluid volume deficit and needs to consume more fluids. Which approach by the nurse demonstrates gerontologic considerations?

Offer small amounts of preferred beverage frequently.

Mr. Jones is admitted to the nursing unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypokalemia. His laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L). For what manifestations should the nurse be alert?

muscle weakness, fatigue, dysrhythmias

The nurse is caring for a client receiving intravenous fluids through a peripheral intravenous catheter (IV). On rounds, the nurse notes that the client's IV site and arm are swollen and cool to the touch. Based on these assessment findings, what will the nurse do next?

remove the peripheral intravenous catheter

A health care provider orders a bolus infusion of 250 mL of normal saline to run over 1 hour. The set delivers 20 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in gtt/min?

83 gtt/min