prepu kidney stuff

kidney

A client comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of sharp, severe pain in the lumbar region that radiates around the side and toward the bladder. The client also reports nausea and vomiting and appears pale, diaphoretic, and anxious. The physician tentatively diagnoses renal calculi and orders flat-plate abdominal X-rays. Renal calculi can form anywhere in the urinary tract. What is their most common formation site?

renal concentration, creatine clearance, serum creatine, BUN

Common tests of renal function include which of the following? Select all that apply.

urinary calculi (kidney stones)

A client comes to the emergency department complaining of a sudden onset of sharp, severe flank pain. During the physical examination, the client indicates that the pain, which comes in waves, travels to the suprapubic region. He states, "I can even feel the pain at the tip of my penis." Which of the following would the nurse suspect? (Symptoms of a kidney or ureteral stone vary with size, location, and cause. Small stones may pass unnoticed; however, sudden, sharp, severe flank pain that travels to the suprapubic region and external genitalia is the classic symptom of urinary calculi. The pain is accompanied by renal or ureteral colic, painful spasms that attempt to move the stone. The pain comes in waves that radiate to the inguinal ring, the inner aspect of the thigh, and to the testicle or tip of the penis in men, or the urinary meatus or labia in wome)

tenderness

A client has undergone a renal transplant and returns to the health care agency for a follow-up evaluation. Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing rejection?

cystoscopy

A client has undergone diagnostic testing that involved the insertion of a lighted tube with a telescopic lens. The nurse identifies this test as which of the following?

monitor for allergy to iodine

A client is scheduled for a renal angiography. Which of the following would be appropriate before the test?

bladder, urethra

In a diagnosis of a lower urinary tract infection, which structures could be affected? Select all that apply.

bun- creatine ratio >20

The presence of prerenal azotemia is a probable indicator for hospitalization for CAP. Which of the following is an initial laboratory result that would alert a nurse to this condition? (normal BUN:Cr ratio is less than 15)

Detrusor muscle

The wall of the bladder is comprised of four layers. Which of the following is the layer responsible for micturition?

uremia (urine in blood)

Which clinical finding should a nurse look for in a client with chronic renal failure? (Uremia, anemia, and acidosis are consistent clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure.)

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

Which medication may be ordered to relieve discomfort associated with a UTI?

Excessive intake of vitamin D

Which of the following is a cause of a calcium renal stone?

condom cath

should be changed daily - penis positioned down -

urolithiasis

stones in the urinary tract (kidney stones)

radical cystectomy

the removal of the entire bladder, usually done as treatment for cancer of the bladder

anuria

total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours

Kock pouch

type of continent ileal reservoir created surgically by making an internal pouch with a portion of the ileum and placing a nipple valve flush with the stoma

weight loss

A client with chronic renal failure (CRF) is receiving a hemodialysis treatment. After hemodialysis, the nurse knows that the client is most likely to experience:

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney diagnosed by the presence of pyuria, leukocytosis, hematuria, and bacteriuria. The client exhibits fever, chills, and flank pain

dysuria

painful or difficult urination

cystocopy

process of visualy examining the urinary bladder with an endoscope

proteinuria

A client has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. This condition causes: What is a hallmark of the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

hypertension

A client is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess?

1000 mg vitamin c

A nurse is teaching a female client with a history of multiple urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching about preventing UTIs?

monitor meds

A nurse who provides care in a high-acuity medical setting is aware of the high incidence and morbidity of acute renal failure (ARF). To reduce patients' risks of developing ARF during their stay in hospital, it is imperative that:

Ciprofloxacin Cipro (fluoroquinolone)

A patient has been diagnosed with a UTI and is prescribed an antibiotic. What first-line fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent for UTIs has been found to be significantly effective?

Pyridium phenazopyridine ss uti

A patient with a UTI is having burning and pain when urinating. What urinary analgesic is prescribed for relief of these symptoms?

abnormal finding, intervention needed (may have obstruction or FVD from blood loss)

After undergoing retropubic prostatectomy, a client returns to his room. The client is on nothing-by-mouth status and has an IV infusing in his right forearm at a rate of 100 ml/hour. The client also has an indwelling urinary catheter that's draining light pink urine. While assessing the client, the nurse notes that his urine output is red and has dropped to 15 ml and 10 ml for the last 2 consecutive hours. How can the nurse best explain this drop in urine output?

relax bladder wall

Sympathomimetics have which of the following effects on the body?

uric acid

The nurse advises a patient with renal stones to avoid eating shellfish, asparagus, and organ meats. She emphasizes these foods because she knows that his renal stones are composed of which of the following substances?

<400 mL

The nurse is caring for a patient in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI). What does the nurse know would be the daily urine output?

low purine diet (less organ meats, shellfish, anchovies, asparagus, mushrooms)

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to the client with uric acid renal calculi. Which statement by the client indicates the client understands the prescribed diet?

hypoparathoidism

The nurse recognizes that which risk factor does NOT predispose a client to the development of kidney stones?

kidney stones

The nurse reviews a client's history and notes that the client has a history of hyperparathyroidism. The nurse would identify that this client most likely would be at risk for which of the following?

oliguria

The term used to describe total urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour is

Increased BUN

What is a characteristic of the intrarenal category of acute renal failure?

Transitional cell carcinoma (develops in the bladder's epithelial lining)

When describing the types of bladder tumors that may occur, which type would the nurse identify as most common?

functional capacity

When the bladder contains 400 to 500 mL of urine, this is referred to as

Pyuria (high wbc)

Which condition or laboratory result supports a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?

urinary tract

Which of the following is the most common site of a nosocomial infection?

Eat plenty of cheese and eggs.

Which of the following would be least appropriate to suggest to a client with a urinary diversion to control odor?

anticholinergic

Which type of medication may be used to inhibit bladder contraction in a client with incontinence?

anaphylaxis

A client is admitted to the hospital with a prerenal disorder, a nonurologic condition that disrupts renal blood flow to the nephrons, affecting their filtering ability. One cause of prerenal acute kidney injury is: (Myoglobinuria secondary to burns is a cause of intrarenal acute renal failure. Polycystic disease is a cause of intrarenal acute renal failure. Ureteral stricture is a cause of postrenal acute renal failure)

serum creatine increase, BUN increase, creatine clearance decrease

A client is experiencing a decreasing glomerular filtration. What laboratory values should the nurse expect to follow the change? Select all that apply.

when did you last urinate

A client presents at the clinic with reports of urinary retention. What question should the nurse ask to obtain additional information about the client's report?

hyperkalemia

A client with chronic kidney disease becomes confused and reports abdominal cramping, racing heart rate, and numbness of the extremities. The nurse relates these symptoms to which lab value?

Hyperphosphatemia

A client with chronic kidney disease reports generalized bone pain and tenderness. Which assessment finding would alert the nurse to an increased potential for the development of spontaneous bone fractures?

Ileal Conduit (Urostomy)

diversion of the ureters to the ileum, section of small intestine is brought to the abdominal wall and urine is excreted through a stoma