PrepU Practice Ch 46

A client has had a stroke and computed tomography reveals infarcts in multiple brain regions. An infarct in which region is most likely to affect the function of the client's autonomic nervous system? a. Ventricular system b. Hypothalamus c. Amygdala d. Parietal cortex

b

A client's muscarinic receptors are being pharmacologically stimulated. What assessment finding should the nurse attribute to this effect? a. Tachycardia b. Drowsiness c. Increased bowel sounds d. Dilated pupils

c

A 46-year-old male client sustained a closed-head injury 4 hours ago. He now presents to the Emergency Department because he is having difficulty breathing. This is a result of swelling around the: a. cerebrum. b. thalamus. c. medulla oblongata. d. pituitary.

c

The body makes norepinephrine using what from the diet? a. Tyrosine b. Tryptophan c. Thiamine d. Trichonosis

a

What does the body create using choline? a. Dopamine b. Cholesterol c. Acetylcholine d. Tyramine

c

A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the neurologic system in preparation for a work placement on a neurologic unit? What statement most accurately describes an aspect of the autonomic nervous system? a. Nicotinic receptors are primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system b. Cholinergic receptors are exclusively located in the sympathetic nervous system c. Alpha- and beta-receptors are the two basic types of muscarinic receptors d. The autonomic nervous spans the central and peripheral nervous systems

d

A client presented with signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism and subsequent diagnostic testing revealed low levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone. The care team should focus assessments and interventions on the client's: a. hypothalamus. b. limbic region. c. reticular activating system (RAS). d. cranial nerves.

a

A signal has reached the terminus of a client's nerve and is in the space where the nerve is closest to the effector cell in a muscle. At what location is this signal? a. Synapse b. Soma c. Neuron d. Schwann cell

a

After the effector cell has been stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), what enzyme stops this stimulation and allows the effector membrane to repolarize? a. Acetylcholinesterase b. Catecholamine c. Norepinephrine d. Decarboxylase

a

Decreased acetylcholine levels are characteristic of: a. Alzheimer's disease. b. Multiple sclerosis. c. Huntington's disease. d. Parkinson's disease.

a

Norepinephrine is mainly: a. an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates the brain to generalized increased activity. b. produced to suppress active sodium ion currents. c. a component of protein synthesis and amino acids. d. associated with potassium conduction.

a

Serotonin abnormalities are thought to be involved in: a. mental depression and sleep disorders. b. multiple sclerosis. c. epilepsy and strokes. d. Parkinson's disease

a

What neurotransmitter does the cholinergic system use? a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. GABA d. Serotonin

a

A patient with Parkinson's disease is being cared for on your unit. The nurse would be correct in identifying what neurotransmitter as being decreased in this disease? a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Neurontin d. Serotonin

b

Characteristics that allow neurons to communicate with other body cells include: a. stimulation of "association areas" to analyze information received. b. the ability to be stimulated and to convey electrical impulses. c. relaying motor impulses from the cortex to the thalamus. d. the ability to regulate body temperature.

b

Parkinson's disease is associated with a decrease in which of the following neurotransmitters? a. Glutamate b. Dopamine c. Serotonin d. Acetylocholine

b

The nervous system is closely linked with both the immune system and the endocrine system. What neurotransmitter is used by the preganglionic cells? a. Dopamine b. Acetylcholine c. Serotonin d. GABA

b

The neurological nurse is caring for a diverse group of clients. For which client would the role of the blood-brain barrier be most significant during treatment? a. A client who has ataxia resulting from cerebellar damage b. A client who has been diagnosed with an infection of brain tissue c. A client who had an ischemic stroke 36 hours ago and is being stabilized d. A client being treated for a closed head injury

b

The nurse assessed a client at 0800 and obtained a blood pressure of 111/70 mmHg. Two hours later, the client's blood pressure is 130/81 mmHg. The nurse should attribute this change to what action within the autonomic nervous system? a. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors b. Stimulation of beta-receptors c. Antagonism of alpha-receptors d. Decreasing levels of acetylcholinesterase

b

Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location? a. Bladder b. Gastrointestinal tract c. Adrenal medulla d. Sweat glands

c Nicotinic --> CNS, medulla, autonomic ganglia, and the neuromuscular junction. Muscarinic --> a sweat glands, bladder and GI tract.

A client has been prescribed a medication that antagonizes the beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. What assessment finding should the nurse attribute to the effects of this medication? a. The client's nausea is relieved b. The client denies shortness of breath c. The client denies feeling anxious d. The client's blood pressure is decreased

d

A client's nerves have been stimulated and the signal has reached the axon. How will communication continue? a. Through the production of an electrical signal b. The nerve signal will cease at this point c. By physically stimulating the nerve on the other side of the synapse d. By the release of a neurotransmitter

d

A nurse is preparing to assess a patient's cerebellar function. What would the nurse expect to test? a. Sensation b. Remote memory c. Mental status d. Balance

d

A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the nervous system in preparation for working on a neurological floor. What characteristic of neurons should the nurse identify? a. The ability to generate new nerves after injury ceases near puberty. b. Neurons are unique among body cells because they do not have a nucleus. c. Dendrites are roughly equal in size to axons. d. Neurons convey action potentials to other neurons without being in physical contact.

d

The nurse is assessing a client. What assessment finding is the clearest indicator of autonomic function? a. The client can discern hot sensation from cold b. The client's hearing is intact c. The client's muscle strength is equal bilaterally d. The client's respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute

d

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath? a. Produces Schwann cells b. Secretes neurotransmitters c. Protects the nerve from damage d. Speeds electrical conduction

d

Which neurotransmitters could be altered and contribute to seizure activity in a patient? a. Serotonin b. Acetylcholine c. Dopamine d. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

d

Which substance is required for brain cell metabolism? a. Serotonin b. Bile c. Oxytocin d. Glucose

d

the nurse is planning the care of a client who has been diagnosed with a cerebellar disorder. What should the nurse prioritize in this client's plan of care? a. Monitor the client for seizure activity. b. Assess mood and affect once per shift. c. Reorient the client as needed. d. Implement falls precautions.

d

A client with asthma is prescribed albuterol to dilate the bronchioles. The nurse understands that this drug is likely acting on which receptors? a. Alpha-1 b. Beta-2 c. Alpha-2 d. Beta-1

b

The nurse is performing an assessment of a client's neurologic system. What nursing assessment best addresses the functioning of the client's limbic system? a. Assessing the client's complex thinking and judgment b. Assessing the client's mood and affect c. Assessing the client's balance d. Assessing the client's vision and hearing

b

GABA plays an important role in preventing overexcitability. a. False b. True

b inhibits nerve activity and is important in preventing overexcitability or stimulation such as seizure activity.

Norepinephrine is mainly: a. produced to suppress active sodium ion currents. b. associated with potassium conduction. c. an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates the brain to generalized increased activity. d. a component of protein synthesis and amino acids.

c

The CNS structure containing groups of neurons responsible for vital cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor functions is the: a. hypothalamus. b. limbic system. c. medulla oblongata. d. reticular activating system.

c

The client is diagnosed with myasthenia gravis, a condition in which antibodies block, alter, or destroy the receptors for acetylcholine. What symptom would the nurse expect this client to display? a. Depression b. Coma c. Muscle dysfunction d. Seizures

c

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been administered albuterol in order to promote bronchodilation and relieve shortness of breath. When giving this medication, the nurse has affected the client's autonomic nervous system by: a. antagonizing alpha2-receptors. b. converting a larger proportion of dopamine to norepinephrine. c. stimulating beta2-receptors. d. decreasing the reuptake of acetylcholine.

c

Which client is most directly exhibiting the function of afferent nerves? a. A client who has developed personality changes and memory loss following a traumatic brain injury b. A client who is lifting a weight during physical therapy c. A client who has winced with pain during an intramuscular injection d. A client who admits to having intense pre-operative anxiety

c

Which neurotransmitter communicates between nerves and muscles? a. GABA b. Dopamine c. Acetylcholine d. Serotonin

c

While discussing the CNS, the nursing instructor tells the students that the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS is: a. acetylcholine. b. dopamine. c. GABA. d. serotonin.

c