Principles of Management - Final Exam Cate Loes

The phrase caveat emptor means a. provide financing for customers with empty pockets. b. let the buyer beware. c. be all you can be. d. seize the day.

b. let the buyer beware.

When an organization gives someone authority, it expects something in return, namely a. control. b. responsibility. c. direction. d. respectability.

b. responsibility.

The greater a person's exposure to unethical behavior, the greater is the likelihood that a. he entire organization will soon be corrupt. b. the person will behave unethically. c. the person will behave ethically. d. the person will be honest.

b. the person will behave unethically.

What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)? a. An economic and political union of 28 member nations that are located primarily in Europe b. An international economic organization comprised of 30 countries that accept the basic principles of free-market economies and representative democracy; recommends and promotes policies to improve the well-being of consumers and societies across the world c. A global association of member countries that promotes free trade d. Comprised of ten Southeast Asian countries with the goal to promote economic growth and overall progress in the area via trade and security

c. A global association of member countries that promotes free trade

When Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X made their followers feel strong enough to resist racism and segregation, they were using a. expert power. b. personal power. c. affiliative power. d. charismatic power .

d. charismatic power .

You are a frenetic, workaholic manager. You trust no one but yourself. You do everyone's work for them. While they play cards and take four-hour lunches, your subordinates laugh at you because of your complete inability to a. manage. b. motivate. c. organize. d. delegate

d. delegate

When a performance evaluation is based on favoritism and political opportunity, rather than on merit, an ethical issue has arisen in the area of a. social responsibility. b. organizational management. c. operations and communications. d. employee relations

d. employee relations

Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics, airline pilots, and ship captains supposedly have a lot of a. legitimate power. b. coercive power. c. referent power. d. expert power.

d. expert power.

As defined in the text, organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve a. winning results in the business world. b. profitability, productivity, and participation. c. synergy and harmony for everyone. d. goals and objectives important to them .

d. goals and objectives important to them .

If companies do research to learn about cultural differences before engaging in trade in a particular country, then problems arising from these cultural differences can be a. exploited. b. completely avoided. c. unaffected. d. minimized

d. minimized

Sue wants to be warm, but she is not; she has a a. motivation b. goal c. problem d. need

d. need

When an organization carries out the tasks of manufacturing a product or products, but contracts with other organizations to do all the supporting functional tasks, such as marketing, it is said to be a. downsizing. b. integrating horizontally. c. divesting. d. outsourcing.

d. outsourcing.

When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical a. referent power becomes supremely important. b. the organization must give the manager more power. c. assistant managers must be hired to provide supervision. d. personal sources of power are essential.

d. personal sources of power are essential.

When the manager of the Boston Red Sox chooses his starting line-up for his next game, he is a. controlling b. leading c. organizing d. planning

d. planning

The translation of product names can be a crucial factor in the success or failure of a foreign marketing effort because of a. body language. b. the political environment. c. the legal environment. d. sociocultural differences.

d. sociocultural differences.

The agreement between Japan's Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunication company Ericsson to make mobile phones is an example of a a. direct investment. b. cartel. c. joint venture. d. strategic alliance.

d. strategic alliance.

The psychologist who developed the idea that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance is a. Abraham Maslow. b. Mary Parker Follett. c. Sigmund Freud. d. Douglas McGregor.

a. Abraham Maslow.

What is meant by behavior modification? a. An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself b. A pattern of reinforcement at specified periods of time, regardless of behavior c. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes d. The act of strengthening a desired behavior by allowing individuals to avoid negative consequences by performing the behavior

a. An application of reinforcement theory, which involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself

What term describes the agreement between ten Southeast Asian countries with the goal to promote economic growth and overall progress in the area via trade and security? a. Association of Southeast Asian Nations b. Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development c. Southeast Asian Free Trade Agreement d. Southern Common Market

a. Association of Southeast Asian Nations

What term describes an approach to management that stresses the manager's role in a formal hierarchy of authority and focuses on the task, machines, and systems needed to accomplish the task efficiently? a. Classical approach b. Behavioral approach c. Contingency approach d. Quantitative approach

a. Classical approach

Which of the following refers to those who purchase an organization's goods and/or services? a. Customers b. Competitors c. Primary stakeholders d. Suppliers

a. Customers

What term describes the process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions? a. Empowerment b. Leadership c. Affiliative power d. Referent power

a. Empowerment

Which of the following refers to a comprehensive evaluation of a firm's ethics and compliance program and its ethical decisions used to determine whether the program is effective? a. Ethics audit b. Utilitarianism c. Business ethics d. Whistle blowing

a. Ethics audit

What name is given to the theory that states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it? a. Expectancy theory b. Process theories c. Reinforcement theory d. Equity theory

a. Expectancy theory

The fact that U.S. businesses now frequently engage in international trading relations is an illustration of what dimension of the general environment? a. Global b. Economic c. Technological d. Political-legal

a. Global

What term is used to describe the product life cycle stage characterized by dramatic increases in the product's market share? a. Growth b. Focus c. Maturity d. Cash Cow

a. Growth

Which of the following refers to a tax levied by a nation on goods bought outside its borders and imported into the country? a. Import tariff b. Exchange rate c. Licensing d. Quota

a. Import tariff

What is the global dimension? a. Pertaining to the general environment, those factors in other countries that affect the organization b. Within the general environment, the nature of the relationship between various areas of government and the organization c. The aspect of the general environment that includes the demographics, attitudes, and the values of the society within which an organization operates d. The overall condition of the complex interactions of economies throughout the world

a. Pertaining to the general environment, those factors in other countries that affect the organization

Which of the following refers to the decision maker's decision to choose the first alternative that appears to resolve the problem satisfactorily? a. Satisficing b. Risk propensity c. Brainstorming d. Bounded rationality

a. Satisficing

What term is used to describe the actual number of subordinates over which a position has authority? a. Span of control b. Scalar chain c. Delegation d. Unity of command

a. Span of control

Which of the following refers to a person or group that can affect, or is affected by, an organization's goals or the means to achieve those goals? a. Stakeholder b. Human resources managers c. Lower or first-line managers d. Middle managers

a. Stakeholder

Which of the following refers to a partnership formed to create competitive advantage on a worldwide basis? a. Strategic alliance b. Cartel c. Embargo d. Joint venture

a. Strategic alliance

When a department in an organization has a high level of absenteeism, we are dealing with a. a symptom of a problem, not the problem itself. b. an obvious and serious problem in the organization. c. a need to do some brainstorming and creative thinking. d. unsuitable job descriptions and a low rate of pay.

a. a symptom of a problem, not the problem itself.

The First Lady's primary source of power is a. affiliative. b. personal. c. referent. d. expert.

a. affiliative.

When Henry Mintzberg referred to the manager as the "nerve center" and the "focal point" in his or her organization, he was talking about the manager in a. an informational role. b. a disseminating role. c. a decisional role. d. an interpersonal role.

a. an informational role.

In analyzing their external environment, most organizations find that it presents a. both threats and opportunities. b. threats, almost exclusively. c. opportunities, almost exclusively. d. opportunities, almost exclusively.

a. both threats and opportunities.

The lowering of the fat content in many American food products is an example of a. changing values regarding food products. b. demographic changes influencing demand. c. the increasing regulation of food products. d. general and specific environmental analysis.

a. changing values regarding food products.

Motivational theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs, and then seek to identify what those needs are, are called a. content theories. b. expectancy theories. c. reinforcement theories. d. process theories.

a. content theories.

The task environment includes all of the following except a. environmentalists. b. suppliers c. customers d. competitors

a. environmentalists.

A valuable, and often underestimated, component of communication, and a difficult skill to master, is a. listening. b. matching appropriate hand gestures with verbal communication. c. appearing trustworthy d. displaying credibility.

a. listening

In the communication process, anything that interferes with a message being communicated effectively is known as a. noise. b. feedback c. distortion. d. a filter.

a. noise.

When managers allow greater participation with regard to the design and implementation of projects, conflict within work groups is a. reduced. b. slightly higher. c. significantly higher. d. unaffected.

a. reduced.

You admire Sam Walton because he founded Wal-Mart when everyone said that discount stores in small cities would not work. You admire his a. self-confidence and intuitive ability. b. integrity and low risk propensity. c. bounded rationality and courage. d. ability to sacrifice and satisfice.

a. self-confidence and intuitive ability.

The purpose of a strategy is to a. take advantage of what the organization does well, or hopes to do well. b. get the organization moving on a path to achieve its tactical goals. c. boost market share. d. control organizational resources in a rational and efficient manner.

a. take advantage of what the organization does well, or hopes to do well.

The parties it deals with, such as suppliers, customers, and organizations producing substitute goods, are all a part of a firm's a. task environment. b. internal environment. c. economic environment. d. sociocultural environment.

a. task environment.

In the process of organizing, a first or basic step is usually grouping tasks into a. departments. b. jobs. c. clusters. d. work teams.

b. jobs.

What is the nature of the organization's internal environment? a. The broad, complex factors that affect all organizations b. All factors that make up the organization, such as the owners, managers, employees, and board of directors c. Those factors that have a direct effect on a specific organization and its managers, including customers, suppliers, competitors, substitutes, and potential new entrants to the industry d. The aspect of the general environment that includes the demographics, attitudes, and the values of the society within which an organization operates

b. All factors that make up the organization, such as the owners, managers, employees, and board of directors

Which of the following best describes digital communication? a. Is when meanings and symbols are transmitted through analog devices b. Can consist of both written and verbal communication c. Does not include videoconferencing, podcasts, and online videos d. Involves written communication only, such as over the Internet

b. Can consist of both written and verbal communication

You own a painting business in Minnesota. You watch the Weather Channel faithfully and schedule indoor painting for cold/wet days and outdoor painting for warm/dry days. You are using what management theory? a. Cooperative systems b. Contingency theory c. Systems theory d. Scientific management

b. Contingency theory

What name is given to the sale of goods and services to foreign markets? a. Outsourcing b. Exporting c. Licensing d. Dumping

b. Exporting

______ occurs when an organization transfers manufacturing, services, and other functions to countries where labor and supplies are less expensive. a. Recruitment b. Outsourcing c. Global communication d. Diversity

b. Outsourcing

____ coined the term management by objectives in his 1954 work Practice of Management. a. W. Edwards Deming b. Peter Drucker c. Peter Senge d. Abraham Maslow

b. Peter Drucker

What name is given to an interpretation of the purpose of life, stating that, instead of merely waiting on earth for release into the next world, people should pursue an occupation and engage in high levels of worldly activity so that they can fulfill their calling? a. Soldiering b. Protestant ethic c. Capitalism d. Management theory

b. Protestant ethic

What name is given to a type of perceptual organization in which we categorize people into groups based on certain characteristics such as race, sex, or education level, and then make generalizations about them according to their group? a. Distortion b. Stereotyping c. Gossip chain d. Perception

b. Stereotyping

Which of the following refers to a general statement of actions an organization intends to take or is taking that is based on the fit of the organization with its external environment? a. SWOT analysis b. Strategy c. Diversification d. Operational plans

b. Strategy

What is meant by perception? a. The choosing of stimuli from the environment for further processing b. The process through which we receive, filter, organize, interpret, and attach meaning to information taken in from the environment c. The process of transforming information into understandable symbols, typically spoken or written words or gestures d. The spreading of information by one person to many others

b. The process through which we receive, filter, organize, interpret, and attach meaning to information taken in from the environment

What is meant by decline? a. The product life cycle stage when the product's market share either slows or has no growth b. The product life cycle stage marked by decreases in the product's market share c. The product life cycle stage characterized by dramatic increases in the product's market share d. The initial stage of the product life cycle when the product is introduced

b. The product life cycle stage marked by decreases in the product's market share

What are maintenance factors? a. The sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues b. Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security c. Patterns of reinforcement at specified periods of time, regardless of behavior d. Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement

b. Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security

The fact that the American company 3M owns a film-manufacturing facility in Italy is an example of a. a contract manufacturer. b. a direct investment. c. a trading company. d. licensing.

b. a direct investment.

You are the president of Henry Motor Corp., and you see the great potential markets in Eastern Europe for personal transportation. Your plan is to purchase an old Soviet tank plant and convert it into an auto factory. The Russian government welcomes your plan, which is an example of a. a joint venture. b. a direct investment. c. a strategic alliance. d. contract manufacturing.

b. a direct investment.

The beliefs, traditions, philosophies, rules, and heroes shared by the members of the organization are referred to as the organization's a. policies b. culture c. rituals d. artifacts

b. culture

MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company has doubled its wind energy capacity by installing windmills and high-tech batteries to make it a "cleaner" utility company. In high-tech renewable energy, this company has a a. rare synergy. b. distinctive competence. c. successful strategy. d. consumer monopoly.

b. distinctive competence

Three important trends that are impacting businesses today are e-business, global organizations, and a. nonprofit organizations. b. ethics and social responsibility. c. cultural artifacts. d. organization size.

b. ethics and social responsibility.

You are a computer whiz, and you have installed some software that monitors all incoming and outgoing company emails. You have no formal understanding of leadership theory, but you clearly understand a. authoritarian power. b. information power. c. legitimate power. d. referent power.

b. information power.

You buy a thousand shares of Ralston Purina common stock because you just know it is going to go up in value. The next day, it plunges ten dollars. You have probably relied too much on your a. emotions. b. intuition. c. logic and rationality. d. excessive risk propensity.

b. intuition.

What is a network organization? a. A structure in which members of different functional departments are chosen to work together temporarily on a specific contract or project b. A combination of several different structures and the most common form of organizational structure c. A structure, primarily a command unit, that does not make a good or provide a service but instead coordinates agreements and contracts with other organizations to produce, distribute, and sell products d. Occurs when groups of employees are used to determine ways to allocate tasks and assign responsibilities

c. A structure, primarily a command unit, that does not make a good or provide a service but instead coordinates agreements and contracts with other organizations to produce, distribute, and sell products

Which of the following refers to power that is derived by virtue of a person's association with someone else who has some source of power? a. Expert power b. Referent power c. Affiliative power d. Coercive power

c. Affiliative power

Which of the following characteristics relates to contingency plans? a. Plans that are designed to achieve tactical goals b. Plans that are intended to achieve operational goals c. Alternate courses of action to be undertaken if certain organizational or environmental conditions change d. Plans that are intended to achieve strategic goals

c. Alternate courses of action to be undertaken if certain organizational or environmental conditions change

Which of the following refers to the design of jobs based on the principles of division of labor and specialization? a. Behavioral approach to job design b. Virtual organization approach to job design c. Classical approach to job design d. Job enrichment to job design

c. Classical approach to job design

What is determined from patterns among an individual's predispositions, such as which situations to avoid, what kind of jobs an individual enjoys, which things he or she dislikes, how an individual communicates, how an individual approaches problems, and how he or she makes decisions? a. Non-programmed decisions b. Satisficing c. Decision styles d. Programmed decisions

c. Decision styles

Which of the following refers to the assignment of work activities and authority to a subordinate? a. Decentralization b. Chain of command c. Delegation d. Unity of command

c. Delegation

What term describes the process of transforming information into understandable symbols, typically spoken or written words or gestures? a. Decoding b. Listening c. Encoding d. Stereotyping

c. Encoding

What name is given to the relationships among positions that are not connected by the organizational chart? a. Authority b. Unity of command c. Informal organization d. Organizational structure

c. Informal organization

When an individual simply has too many jobs to perform, he or she is suffering from what environmental barrier to communication? a. Excessive noise b. Power and status c. Information overload d. Physical exhaustion

c. Information overload

What name is given to individuals who work primarily with information or who develop and use knowledge in the workplace? a. Capitalists b. Contingency workers c. Knowledge workers d. Bureaucrats

c. Knowledge workers

What name is given to the obligation a business assumes to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society? a. Utilitarianism b. Consumerism c. Social responsibility d. Deontology

c. Social responsibility

What is meant by charisma? a. A person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others b. The process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions c. The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate, based on some intangible set of personality traits; a personal source of power d. Personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another

c. The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate, based on some intangible set of personality traits; a personal source of power

Which of the following characteristics relates to certainty? a. The condition that exists when decision makers must rely on incomplete, yet reliable information b. Based on the idea that certain individuals or groups will be able to influence others to achieve their goals c. The condition that exists when decision makers are fully informed about a problem, its alternative solutions, and its respective outcomes d. The condition that exists when little or no factual information is available about a problem, its alternative solutions, and its respective outcomes

c. The condition that exists when decision makers are fully informed about a problem, its alternative solutions, and its respective outcomes

Which of the following characteristics relates to corporate governance? a. The aspect of the general environment that includes the demographics, attitudes, and the values of the society within which an organization operates b. The aspect of the task environment that includes the demographics, attitudes, and the values of the society within which an organization operates c. The formal system of oversight, accountability, and control for organizational decisions and resources d. Within the general environment, the nature of the relationship between various areas of government and the organization

c. The formal system of oversight, accountability, and control for organizational decisions and resources

What name is given to the assumption that people naturally want to work, are capable of self-control, seek responsibility, are creative, and try to fulfill higher-order needs at work? a. Theory X b. Entropy c. Theory Y d. Synergy

c. Theory Y

In analyzing the relationship between ethics and social responsibility, ethics may be viewed as a. much more concerned with right and wrong. b. more pragmatic and situational than social responsibility. c. a component of social responsibility. d. broader than social responsibility.

c. a component of social responsibility.

Poor morale is most likely to cause a. motivation. b. dedication. c. absenteeism. d. high productivity.

c. absenteeism.

The most popular form of nonverbal communication, which is part of the sender, is called a. power signals. b. physical presence. c. body language. d. emotional connotation.

c. body language.

A __________orientation type of control system requires that employees learn and pledge to a specific type of conduct. a. enforcement b. values c. compliance d. ethical

c. compliance

Although your secretary's work is satisfactory, you do not like her, and one day you abruptly fire her in a rage. The next day, you offer her a cash settlement of $50,000. You seem to be making decisions while in a state of a. uncertainty. b. high risk propensity. c. emotion and stress. d. vulnerability.

c. emotion and stress

Giving employees tickets to "cash in" for a paid day off when they get their projects done well ahead of the deadline is an example of the creative use of a. formal rewards. b. recognition and praise. c. informal rewards. d. legitimate power.

c. informal rewards.

Mass-production techniques of standardized products a. raised production costs, which led to higher prices and smaller markets. b. lowered production costs, but produced an inefficient and wasteful economic system. c. lowered production costs, which led to lower prices and expanded markets. d. discouraged innovation, which led to a serious shortage of products.

c. lowered production costs, which led to lower prices and expanded markets.

Regarding a business' resources, having ____________ is optimal. a. few suppliers b. few substitutes c. many suppliers d. many competitors

c. many suppliers

The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to a. scientific management. b. Herzberg's factors. c. the Hawthorne studies. d. Maslow's hierarchy.

c. the Hawthorne studies

Your fellow employees regularly take home company supplies such as paper, pens, tape, and glue for their personal use. Although you feel it is wrong to do so, you begin taking home company supplies too. The strongest influence on your behavior is a. your personal moral and ethical standards. b. your immaturity in understanding ethical issues. c. the overall moral climate of your organization. d. your rationalization that this behavior is OK.

c. the overall moral climate of your organization.

The role of management in fostering ethical behavior in an organization is extremely important because managers a. have no effect on employee's day-to-day activities. b. who don't act ethically may appear to condemn ethical activity. c. who ask employees to do something wrong have a powerful influence. d. cannot influence behavior by implementing ethical standards.

c. who ask employees to do something wrong have a powerful influence.

Which of the following characteristics relates to an organizational chart? a. The design of jobs based on the principles of division of labor and specialization b. The pattern of concentrating authority in a relatively few, high-level positions c. The division of work into smaller, distinct tasks d. A graphic display of the official lines of authority and communication within the organization

d. A graphic display of the official lines of authority and communication within the organization

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation? a. A person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance b. The sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues c. The value of each potential outcome which describes its importance d. An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals

d. An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals

What name is given to the medium or method used to transmit the intended information and meaning (such as leaving an email or telling a person face to face)? a. Noise b. Grapevine c. Distortion d. Channel

d. Channel

Which of the following refers to the receiver's response to the sender's communication? a. Decoding b. Encoding c. Listening d. Feedback

d. Feedback

Which of the following refers to organizations owned either privately by one or more individuals or publicly by stockholders? a. Informational companies b. Nonprofit organizations c. Finance organizations d. For-profit companies

d. For-profit companies

What name is given to the final result that a firm wishes to achieve? a. Focus b. Mission c. Plan d. Goal

d. Goal

What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance? a. Expectancy theory b. Social learning theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Goal-setting theory

d. Goal-setting theory

Which of the following refers to a systematic statement, based on observations, of how the management process might best occur, given stated underlying principles? a. Scientific management b. Classical approach c. Management science d. Management theory

d. Management theory

What name is given to the product life cycle stage when the product's market share either slows or has no growth? a. Dog b. Decline c. Focus d. Maturity

d. Maturity

Which of the following characteristics relates to information power? a. Power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area b. A person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics c. Power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area d. Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge, or of having the ability to control the flow of information to and from others

d. Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge, or of having the ability to control the flow of information to and from others

Which of the following refers to a set of theories that try to determine "how" and "why" employees are motivated to perform? a. Goal-setting theories b. Social learning theories c. Content theories d. Process theories

d. Process theories

When a manager decides to reorder inventory or establishes skill requirements for a certain job, she is making what type of decision? a. Non-programmed b. Structured c. Routine d. Programmed

d. Programmed

What name is given to a person's willingness to take risks when making decisions? a. Confidence b. Bounded rationality c. Framing d. Risk propensity

d. Risk propensity

What is meant by intuition? a. A phenomenon occurring when cohesive "in-groups" let the desire for unanimity, or consensus, override sound judgment in generating and evaluating alternative courses of action b. A descriptive approach, recognizing that people do not always make decisions with logic and rationality, that outlines how managers actually do make decisions c. The difference between a desired situation and the actual situation d. The immediate comprehension that something is the case, seemingly without the use of any reasoning process or conscious analysis

d. The immediate comprehension that something is the case, seemingly without the use of any reasoning process or conscious analysis

What is meant by corporate strategy? a. A course of action for implementing strategic plans and achieving strategic goals; a general statement of actions an organization intends to take or is taking that is based on the fit of the organization with its external environment b. The intermediate goals of the firm, which are designed to stimulate actions necessary for achieving the strategic goals c. The area of responsibility usually assigned to the divisional-level managers d. The scope and resource deployment components of strategy for the enterprise as a whole

d. The scope and resource deployment components of strategy for the enterprise as a whole

What term describes the assumption that people are naturally lazy, must be threatened and forced to work, have little ambition or initiative, and do not try to fulfill any need higher than security needs at work? a. Soldiering b. Behavioral approach c. Theory Y d. Theory X

d. Theory X

Which of the following characteristics relates to controlling? a. The activities involved in designing jobs for employees, grouping these jobs together into departments, and developing working relationships among organizational units/departments and employees to carry out the plans b. Activities--including reporting, preparing data analyses, briefings, delivering mail, emailing, websites, and making telephone calls--that focus on data important for the decisions the manager needs to make c. Determining what the organization will specifically accomplish and deciding how to accomplish these goals d. Those activities that an organization undertakes to ensure that its actions lead to achievement of its objectives

d. Those activities that an organization undertakes to ensure that its actions lead to achievement of its objectives

Effective use of an organization's resources means a. using the very latest technology. b. using a minimum of resources. c. recognizing different work situations. d. achieving the intended result.

d. achieving the intended result.

In SWOT analysis, an environmental circumstance that is potentially beneficial for the firm is called a. a strength. b. a threat. c. a weakness. d. an opportunity.

d. an opportunity.