Principles of Management Quiz X2
Which of the following is NOT a typical source selection criterion that an organization would use to evaluate potential contractors? a. life cycle cost b. references c. personalities d. technical approach
C
Which of the following is NOT a component of empowerment?
C. Mental imagery
Individual styles are likely to come into conflict during which stage of group development?
Storming
One problem with the transformational leadership perspective is that specific elements within it are culture-bound. (T/F)
True
hypervigilance
a frantic superficial pursuit of some satisficing strategy
composition of a group
a group described in terms of the homogenity or hetergeneity of group members
organization
a group of people working together to attain common goals
interest group
a group that is relatively temporary and informal and is organized around a common activity or interest of its members
structural change
a systemwide organization development involving a major restructuring of the organization or instituting programs such as quality of work life
When a soccer coach tells her players at the end of a losing game, "You did good in staying with the game plan," she is using a/an ________ as a measure of performance. a) input standard b) output standard c) historical comparison d) relative comparison
a) input standard
121. What are the abilities that set apart the best managers from a merely good manager?
a. Ability to deal with unexpected problems
113. What is a recommended policy to have in place to determine when an employee might request off for vacation time?
a. Block heavy revenue weeks and determine maximum number allowed off per week
199. Is an employee who is terminated for theft of company property eligible for unemployment compensation?
a. Doubtful as must be unemployed through no fault of their own and meet state eligibility requirement
Which of the following can provide managers with the information they need to make good human resources decisions about how to train, motivate, and reward organizational members?
Performance appraisal
_____ tests assess the applicant's ability in an authentic situation.
Performance simulation
Strategic plans
Plans that identify the long term direction for the company including a vision of what and where the organization wants to be longer term
Most studies confirm that the concept of _____ is central to understanding sexual harassment.
Power
reflection
Process by which a person states what he or she believes the other person is saying
which is the other key skill involved in effective time management besides being able to concentrate on one activity at a time?
ability to set priorities
Variable Costs
Rise with the level of production.
The manifest needs as identified by McClelland include
achievement, affiliation, and power.
Another name for a task force is a(n):
ad hoc committee.
149. What is the name of a list of topics that will be considered at a meeting?
agenda
Work specialization is also referred to as ___
division of labor
interpersonal roles
figurehead role - leader role - liasion role - are involved primarily with interactions with other people
suboptimizing
knowingly accepting less than the best possible outcome to avoid unintended negative effects on other aspects of the organization
formal learning
learning by means of rewards and punishments such as incentives bonuses or reprimands and punishment
Two-factor theory suggests that extrinsic factors such as _____ cause dissatisfaction.
working conditions
command group
relatively permanent group
personal power
resides in the person regardless of the position he or she fills
a manager is not living up to the concept of MBO if he or she _______
sets performance objectives for subordinates
The extent to which a job requires a worker to perform all of the tasks that are required to complete the job is known as:
task identity.
technical skills
the skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization
jargon
the specialized or technical language of a trade profession or social group
The current perspective on organizational conflict is that:
E. Moderate levels of conflict are necessary and produce favorable outcomes
The benefits of employee involvement increase with:
E. The novelty and complexity of the problem or opportunity
Maslow is credited for bringing a mechanistic perspective to the study of motivation. (T/F)
False
Most organizational behavior theories have been developed by OB scholars rather than from other disciplines. (T/F)
False
People from cultures with a short-term orientation tend to value assertiveness, competitiveness and materialism. (T/F)
False
The knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees is an example of structural capital. (T/F)
False
Business/product life cycle
Intro Growth Maturity Decline
surface value
the objective meaning or worth a reward has to an employee
performance behaviors
the total set of work related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display
what are the set of standards that reflect the restaurant's most basic reasons for existence?
value statements
A charismatic leader's _____ is key to follower acceptance.
vision
what is the organizing principle that states that each staff member should have only one boss?
unity of command
Projects tend to be the primary method for implementing many objectives
True
A dynamic follower is one who:
b. practices self-management.
Employees resist change most often because of the
fear of an adverse outcome
In a hierarchy of objectives, plans at lower levels are supposed to act as _____ for accomplishing higher-level plans.
means
A Theory X manager would assume employees would _____.
need to be controlled
159. How can a manager improve on their ability to conduct meetings?
obtain feedback through evaluation
internal control
occurs through self-discipline and self-control
turnover
occurs when people quit their jobs
competition
occurs when the goals are incompatible and the interactions between groups are important to meeting goals
collaboration
occurs when the interaction between groups is very important to goal attainment and the goals are compatible
The standard of performance that measures efficiency at the corporate level of the organization is known as:
operating costs.
In order to help implement her firm's strategic plans, the CEP of a business firm would most likely want marketing, manufacturing, and finance executives to develop ______.
operational plans
Theory that allows for the possibility of adapting leadership to the situation
path goal theory
negative affectivity
people who are generally downbeat and pessimistic see things in a negative way, and seem to be in a bad mood
type b individuals
people who are less competitive less committed to work and have a weaker sense of urgency
long term orientation
people who focus on the future
An example of _____ is when an employee receives a one-week suspension from work and is fined $200 for stealing company property.
punishment
A _____ is a group of employees and supervisors who meet regularly to discuss their quality problems and recommend solutions.
quality circle
In assessing the need for organizational change, managers must:
recognize that there is a problem and identify its source.
The set of activities in which managers generate a pool of qualified candidates for open positions is known as:
recruitment.
The power of a leader that comes from the respect and loyalty of subordinates is known as:
referent power.
indirect compensation - benefits
refers to nonwage or salary compensation such as paid time off and insurance coverage
69. Who is responsible for employee development?
shared between employer and employee as both benefit
perquisites
special privileges awarded to selected members of an organization usually top managers
According to the goal-setting theory, the most motivating goals are:
specific and difficult.
emotional intelligence - EQ
the extent to which people are self aware can manage thier emotions can motivate themselves express empathy for others and possess social skills
uncertainty avoidance
the extent to which people prefer to be in unambiguous sitatuions
controlling
the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results
Labor-management negotiations over wages exemplifies _____ bargaining.
distributive
The process of giving all employees the authority to make decisions and be responsible for their outcomes is known as:
empowerment.
A(n) _____is a situation in which an employee must define right and wrong conduct.
ethical dilemma
decision criteria are used to
evaluate alternatives
The final step in the control process is to:
evaluate the results and initiate corrective action.
hygiene factors
factors that are extrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as pay and job security
115. What is the federal law that sets minimum wage, overtime pay, equal pay, record keeping and child-labor standards for covered employees?
fair labor standards act
concurrent control
focuses on what happens during the work process
management by exception means ______.
focusing attention where the need for action is greatest
control charts
graphical ways of displaying trends so that exceptions to quality standards can be identified
what communication channel might be most appropriate for a catering manager to indicate how a banquet hall is to be set up for a wedding event?
graphics
Outsourcing means that a company
hires other companies to do some of its work
One of the reasons to increase product quality is that higher product quality can _____ efficiency, _____ operating costs, and _____ profits.
increase; lower; increase
What is a common result of information overload?
increased work stress
clan control
influences behavior through norms and expectations set by the organizational culture
informal learning
is learning by imitation. normally on a uncounscious level where the learner picks up the skills by another employee who masters the skill
Escalation of commitment:
is simply hanging on to a poor decision.
informational roles
key roles include the monitor the disseminator and the spokesperson
what is the quality described as the ability to inspire and motivate employees to act in ways that are in line with the vision of an organization and that help to accomplish its goals?
leadership
Vroom decision tree approach
leadership model focuses on a songle aspect of leader behavior - subordinate participation in decision making
169. A seasonal island resort is located off the mid-Atlantic coast. A forty-five minute ferry ride departs from a small retirement community every hour. This town is at least twenty-five miles from the nearest population center of note. What factors affecting compensation must be considered in this situation?
location and time for commute as well as seasonality of position
After objectives and standards are set, what step comes next in the control process? a) measure results b) modify standards to fit circumstances c) take corrective action d) compare results with objectives
measure results
Hersey Blanchard Model
model of leadership identifies different combinations of leadership presumed to work best with different levels of organizational maturity on the part of followers
accomodation
occurs when the parties goals are compatible and the interaction between groups is relatively unimportant to the goals attainment
The management of any aspect of production that transforms inputs into finished outputs is known as:
operations management.
A strategy, or method, for increasing organizational effectiveness by bringing about planned change is called
organizational development
The contingency approach to organization design affirms that
organizations are more effective when they are structured to fit the situational demand
The process by which managers establish the structure of working relationships among workers of the organization is known as:
organizing.
If an organization's top management establishes a target of increasing new hires of minority and this is an example by 15% in the next six months
output
authority
power that has been ligitimzed with a particular social context
what is a person who is working in an occupation that requires extension knowledge, skills, and experience known as?
professional
Accounting firms, consulting firms, and hospitals are examples of
professional bureaucracies
Openly discussing the worst-case possibilities of a situation is a way a company can
reduce the negative consequences of rumors
When managers know the possible outcomes of a decision and can assign probabilities to each of these outcomes in terms of their likelihood of occurrence in the future, this is known as:
risk.
Experts predict that the predominant style of organization in the future will be
skills-oriented
In the context of promoting organizational learning and intrapreneurship, the idea behind the role of _____ is that, if intrapreneurs are isolated, they will become so intensely involved in a project that development time will be relatively brief and the quality of the final product will be enhanced.
skunkworks
6 There are several things that can assist a large organization to decentralize, including:
specialization of products/market/technology.
Ohio state studies
studies based on a questionairre designed to assess subordinates perceptions of ther leaders behavior
what can be done if plans are not going according to schedule or benchmark goals are not being met?
take corrective actions to get back on track
96. Which effective team goal is it when team members get to know each other's backgrounds, skills and work styles?
team-building
Electronic communication includes all of the following EXCEPT:
telephone calls.
organizational behavior modificaiton OB mod
the application of reinforcement theory to people in organizational settings
collectivism
the extent to which people emphasize the good of the group or society
critical path
the pathway from project start to conclusion that involves activities with the longest completion times
insight
the stage in the creative process when all the scattered thoughts and ideas that were maturing during incubation come together to produce a breakthrough
administrative hierarchy
the system of reporting relationships in the organization from the lowest to the highest managerial levels
acceptance theory of authority
the theory that the managers authority depends on the subordianates acceptance of the managers right to give directives and to expect compliance with them
The outputs of an organization, divided by all of its inputs, is called its:
total factor productivity.
isolated dyad
two people who tend to work alone and to interact and communicate little with others
a team
usually refers to people or animals organized to work together
Decisions made so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number are based on _____.
utilitarianism
how is harassment defined?
victim determines what is offensive or unwelcome
102. What is the monetary compensation for employees who are paid based on the number of hours they work?
wages
Gerald Cavanaugh - Dennis Moberg and Manuel Velasquez
who developed a model of ethical political behavior
From a time management perspective, which manager is likely to be in best control of his or her time? one who _____
works on the most important things first
Among the global strategies that international businesses might pursue, the ________ strategy most directly tries to tailor purchases to fit local needs and cultures in different countries. a) concentration b) globalization c) transnational d) multidomestic
...
When Coke and Pepsi spend millions on ads trying to convince customers that their products are unique, they are pursuing a _________ strategy. a) transnational b) concentration c) diversification d) differentiation
...
Which is the best question to ask when starting the strategic management process? a) "What is our mission?" b) "How well are we currently doing?" c) "How can we get where we want to be?" d) "Why aren't we doing better?"
...
Limited liability company
A form of business that combines the legal protection of a corporation but the simplicity of a sole proprietorship and partnership
Trust
A giant industrial monopoly (collection of companies).
Globalization strategy
Adopts standardized products and advertising for use worldwide
Which of these refers to availability of alternatives?
B. Substitutability
Scientific management includes which of the following?
B. Systematically dividing a job into its smallest possible elements and assigning these divided tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them
In organizational settings, power is defined as:
B. The capacity to influence others
Goal setting is most effective when:
B. The goals stretch the employee's abilities and motivation
Selective attention is a component of:
B. The perceptual process
___ is a psychological state comprising the intention to accept vulnerability based upon positive expectations of the intent or behavior of other person.
B. Trust
In the administrative model of decision making, when the number of possible alternatives to a decision is so large that the manager cannot possibly evaluate all of them before making a decision, which of the following has occurred?
Bounded rationality
A group of managers meets face-to-face and generates and debates a wide variety of alternatives from which to make a decision. What is this process of decision making called?
Brainstorming
___ is the amount of effort allocated to the goal.
C. Intensity
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a spiritual organization?
Censorship of employee expression
Incongruence between a company's dominant values and an employee's values is known to:
D. All of the above
Downsizing
Decreases the size of operations
Planning process
Define objectives Compare to current objectives Compare future alternatives Analyze alternatives/make plans Implement/evaluate
Personal development objectives
Document intentions to accomplish personal growth, such as expanded job knowledge or skills.
The highest level of emotional intelligence is:
E. None of the above
Organizational size, technology, and environment are:
E. Three contingencies of organizational design
Communications management generally entails the processes that organize, manage, and lead the project team.
False
Creative people tend to have a high need for social approval. (T/F)
False
Satisficing occurs when people continue on a failing course of action. (T/F)
False
Which of the following was NOT specifically suggested by your author as a general category of employee skills?
Financial
Which of the following organizational strategies specifies the activities of managers at the departmental level of the organization?
Functional-level strategy
Which of the following statements is true concerning change?
Global competition is the leading force driving change at work.
Strengths of safe desk
Good supplier relations Use existing tech Simple design
Functional structure
Groups together people with similar skills who perform similar tasks
Divisional structure
Groups together people working on the same product, in the same area, or with similar customers
Inclusivity
How open an organization is to hiring anyone that can perform a specific job is called
Which is NOT one of the three primary factors that differentiate virtual teams from face-to-face teams?
Increased social rapport
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of an organization's structure?
Industry
Clan control
Influences behavior through social norms culture, and peer expectations.
Which of the following statements is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory?
Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction.
A manager increases the number of tasks that a subordinate has to do in order to make the job more interesting for the subordinate. Which of the following best describes this process?
Job enlargement
What is most true of the "Millennial workers"
Less satisfied than older adults
Which of the following needs is considered especially important for upper-level managers?
Need for power
_____ is a general term that refers to anything that hampers any stage of the communication process.
Noise
In a meeting after hearing a member describe a problem to be addressed, all other members of the group first wrote down ideas and solutions. After this, everyone shared those suggestions without criticism. The group, one by one, clarified, critiqued, and then discussed the alternatives in the sequence in which they were first proposed. Finally, each member ranked all the alternatives, and the highest-ranking alternative was chosen. Which of the following decision-making techniques is being implemented?
Nominal group technique
Liquidation
Occurs when a business closes and sells its assets to pay creditors
Focused differentiation strategy
Offers a unique product to a special market segment
Which of the following statements is true about organizational behavior?
Organizational behavior is a study of individuals, groups, and structure.
Teams are most effective when staffed with people who are _____.
Organizational demographics
personality and occupation are in agreement
Perception
What behavioral science discipline has made the MOST significant contributions to understanding individual behavior?
Psychology
Which of the following is true about Total Quality Management (TQM)?
Relies on bottom-up, participative decision making in planning and execution
Depression
Results when business activity remains below normal for years.
_____ describe how others believe you should act in a given situation.
Role expectations
_____ refers to the attitudes and behaviors that are consistent with a role
Role identity
_____ is the learning concept of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired new behavior.
Shaping
False
Skill Variety describes work individuals or groups perform.
Internal elements of SWOT analysis
Strengths and weaknesses
Information competency
The ability to gather and use information to solve problems
First mover advantage
The first person to enter a new marked is said to have a
Market control
The influence of market competition on the behavior of organizations and their members. ex: price, product, modification, and expansion
The glass ceiling effect
The lack of women and minorities in senior management positions can be explained by.
Which of the following statements accurately describes situational leadership?
There is no one best way to influence group members.
What do denial, stereotyping, and projection have in common?
They are all ways to deal with sensory information
Which of the following is NOT true of charismatic leaders?
They are focused on their personal needs.
Which of the following is responsible for developing the strategies that result in an organization's competitive advantage?
Top management team
Decentralization
Top mgmt. allows lower levels to make many decisions
Centralization
Top mgmt. keeps the power to make most decisions
Knowledge and experience can undermine creativity because it can lead to routinization of that knowledge. (T/F)
True
Operations consist of the ongoing work needed to ensure the organization continues to function effectively.
True
Our emotions influence what we recognize or screen out. (T/F)
True
Payback period models do not consider the amount of profit that may be realized after the costs are paid.
True
People who experience social isolation are more susceptible to physical and mental illness. (T/F)
True
People who learn to empathize with others are less likely to engage in attribution errors. (T/F)
True
Psychology and sociology have contributed many theories and concepts to the field of organizational behavior. (T/F)
True
_____ is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.
Uncertainty avoidance
An organization purchases one of its suppliers in order to obtain access to the raw materials which it needs for its production. It also decides to sell its products through its own retail outlets. Which of the following corporate-level strategies is the organization using?
Vertical integration
Zynga
Wants to make things more free, accessible, social MOBILE Hit-driven business
What is the critical thing in personal strategy?
What is unique? Core benefit proposition?
conversion
What stage is concurrent management; manage problems as they occur
input
What stage is feedforward control; anticipate problems before they occur
Diversification
When a company expands by entering new business areas, it is called growth through
Which of the following modes of international expansion gives an organization high potential return because the organization does not have to share its profits with a foreign organization, and it reduces the level of risk because the organization's managers have full control over all aspects of their foreign company's operations?
Wholly owned foreign subsidiary
_____ is the only power tactic that is effective across organizational levels.
_____ is the only power tactic that is effective across organizational levels.
CPM/PERT
a combination of the critical path method and the program evaluation and review technique
nonprogrammed deicision
a decision that recurs infrequently and for which there is no previously established decision rule
channel noise
a disturbance in communication that is primarily a function of a medium
problem solving
a form of decision making in which the issue is unique and alternatives must be developed and evaluated without the aid of a programmed decision rule
delphi tenchnique
a method of systematically gathering judgments of experts for use in developing forecasts
command group
a relatevely permanent formal group with functional reporting relationships usually included in the organization chart
burnout
a sense of exhaustion that develops when someone experiences too much stress for an extended period of time
big five personality traits
a set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations
_________ are special strengths that an organization has or does exceptionally well and that help it outperform competitors. a) Core competencies b) Strategies c) Alliances d) Operating objectives
a) Core competencies
After objectives and standards are set, what step comes next in the control process? a) Measure results b) Take corrective action c) Compare results with objectives d) Modify standards to fit circumstances
a) Measure results
When one team member advises another team member that "you behavior is crossing the line in terms of our expectations for workplace civility," she is exercising a form of ________ control over the other's inappropriate behaviors. a) clan b) market c) internal d) preliminary
a) clan
174. What is the purpose of a job performance score sheet in the determination of pay increase?
a. Allows management to rate specific, predetermined factors
78. The banquet staff is ready to walk out of the downtown hotel with full service meeting facilities. They have contractual gratuity and hourly rates built into Catering Contracts but the Sales and Marketing staff has consistently been bargaining these items down in an attempt to maintain their competitive position while leaving their own compensation intact. Management has called in a neutral third party to listen and review facts to make a decision and settle the conflict. What is this method of Conflict Resolution called?
a. Arbitration
183. What is the value of being an employer of choice, whereby employees enjoy their work and encourage their friends and family to seek open positions in the organization?
a. Fewer terminations than do other employers that do not offer an enjoyable workplace
195. What is the purpose of COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)?
a. Gives workers who lose health insurance benefits the right to continue for limited periods under certain situations
130. How are task lists developed by managers?
a. Ideal performance is used as a basis for the list as opposed to sloppy work habits that have developed over time
185. Bud manages a Calabash style seafood restaurant. Jezzi is a fry cook. She has been overcooking shrimp resulting in guest complaints and increased food cost. Bud employs progressive discipline step one: oral warning and takes her aside, loudly telling her in no uncertain terms that the shrimp burning will stop now. Has Bud correctly utilized this step?
a. No. This should not be one direction but a two-way conversation with feedback from Jezzi.
63. Which of Maslow's Hierarchy is being addressed when an employer provides a daily shift meal for employees?
a. Physiological
109. What consequences can occur if inaccurate historical information is gathered for the schedule?
a. Too many employees increases labor costs, too few results in poor service
organizational politics
activities carried out by people to acquire enhance and use power and other resources to obtain thier desired outcomes
The degree to which a job allows the worker to schedule the tasks of the job and to decide how to carry out these tasks is known as:
autonomy.
A team leader is not living up to the concept of MBO if he or she ____________. a) jointly reviews performance results with subordinates b) sets performance objectives for subordinates c) stays in touch and tries to support subordinates in their work d) keeps a written record of subordinates' performance objectives
b
The ability of a firm to consistently outperform its rivals is called _________. a) vertical integration b) competitive advantage c) strategic intent d) core competency
b) competitive advantage
Teams are very useful when:
b. the tasks are interrelated.
what is the relationship of cultural awareness with non-verbal communication?
behavior can mean something positive in one culture and negative in another
employee centered leader behavior
behavior occurs when the leader attempts to develop a cohesive work group and ensure that employees are basically satisfied with thier jobs
continuous reinforcement
behavior that is rewarded every time it occurs
162. What is referred to by; employee health care, dental and vision insurance, vacation and sick leave pay, retirement contributions, and other, that may be paid wholly or in part by the employer on behalf of the employee?
benefits
what is a statement of goals and activities to be addressed over a twelve-month period used to move the operation toward to its mission referred to as?
business plan
165. An historic downtown café in a seasonal Southern seaport boasts restaurants, retail shops, gourmet grocery stores, horse drawn buggy tours and wine and cheese bars as well as some banks, lawyers and government offices. What sort of wage rate considerations should management take into account?
competitve employers
173. The economical manager was feeling a real sense of accomplishment. The mountain farm-to-fork restaurant has received accolades from the media. It has been a wildly successful year financially, with the restaurant exceeding all targeted goals. The manager feels that by not giving raises, his own bonus will be even bigger. What compensation principle is the manager ignoring?
contribution to business goals
Which one of the following is NOT one of the five major elements in a managing culture?
d. How well leaders know their employees.
Powerful external forces for change do not include:
d. bureaucratic guidelines.
Victor Vroom - and Philip Yetton
decision model that takes the form of tree
John RP French and Bertram Raven
developed a framework for studying five general bases of power in organizational change
Strategy implementation
Implement strategies Evaluate results
_._____ leaders know who they are, know that they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.
Authentic
People with high Machiavellian values tend to:
B. Frequently use pwoer to manipulate others towards their own personal goals
One problem with path-goal theory is that:
B. Some elements of the theory have not yet been studied
general adaption syndrome GAS
a cycle through which stress occurs alarm resistance and exhaustion
Which is a major contributing factor to the transformational leader?
chharisma
_____ is the extent to which a person is likely to have job relationships that are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings.
consideration
management teams
consist of manages from various areas they coordinate work teams
Even the most prestigious of schools has experienced grade inflation. In 1970, the average GPA of students at Princeton was _____, while it was _____ in 2000.
2.99, 3.40
_____ evaluation provides performance feedback from the full circle of daily contacts that an employee might have.
360-degree
After objectives and standards are set, what step comes next in the control process?
Measure results
Which of these statements about people-oriented and task-oriented leadership styles is FALSE?
B. People-oriented and task-oriented leadership styles are at opposite ends of a behavioral continuum
How hard an employee works on the job is referred to as:
effort.
Refreezing involves _____
making a new change permanent
The main reason for the loss of productivity in brainstorming is:
production blocking.
72. If Management created a Positive Work Environment for a Multi-Level ocean front restaurant where bus staff that formerly failed to communicate "clean and ready" table status to the host stand but now do so promptly; this may indicate that the "Rapid Response Reward" system is working. What aspect of Building a Positive Workplace Environment is being reinforced?
celebrate success and build teams
A manager who takes "ownership" of a project and provides the leadership and vision that take a commodity from the idea stage to the final customer is a product:
champion.
Behavior that is performed by an employee to acquire a material reward, to acquire a social reward, or to avoid punishment is referred to as:
extrinsically motivated behavior.
what is an example of an employee activity that lends itself to delegation?
fact finding tasks such as summarizing information on guest comment cards
group performance factors
factors that affect the success of the group in fulfilling its goals including composition size norms and cohesiveness
motivation factors
factors that are intrinsic to the work itself and include achievement and recognition
The three most popular types of _____ are modular plans, core-plus options, and flexible spending accounts.
flexible benefits
Susan works from 6 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day, while other employees in her office work from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. It appears that Susan's employer offers a _____ option.
flextime
John's performance evaluation rates him on a scale of 1 to 5 for characteristics such as job knowledge and cooperation. John's company is using a _____ performance evaluation system.
graphic rating scale
John Kotter's _____ for implementing change builds on Lewin's three-step model.
8-step plan
hierarchy of needs theory
Abraham Maslows hierarchy that assumes human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance
Competitive advantage
An ability to outperform rivals
As a rule of thumb, in the absence of information, what do many employees do?
Create and spread rumors
What is the trend in work space design?
Creating public spaces for employees to use for various purposes
_____ refers to an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.
Emotional labor
_____ refers to an individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work she does.
Employee engagement
_____ is a participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is designed to encourage increased commitment to the organization's success.
Employee involvement
A project portfolio is a useful storage medium that enables the project manager to consolidate all project information in a single, convenient location.
False
According to Michael Porter's theory, it is possible for managers to pursue both a low-cost strategy and a differentiation strategy at the same time. (T or F)
False
Business strategy
Identifies how a division or strategic business unit will compete in its product or service domain
Social network analysis
Identifies the information structures and their embedded social relationships that are active in an organization
Scenario Planning
Identifying posible future situation and plans for dealing with them is called
Utilitarian view
If you argue for increasing the dues for your student organization in order to keep the club solvent, even though some of the members might not be able to afford the increase, you are taking this approach to moral reasoning
_____ occurs when people associate two events, when there is no real connection.
Illusory correlation
concurrent control
Immediate feedback on inputs transform to outputs so corrections are made as problems arise.
_____ is the process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them.
Impression management
Bureaucratic control
Influences behavior through authority, policies, procedures, job description, budgets, and day-to-day supervision
Clan control
Influences behavior through social norms and peer expectations
Controlling Step 2
Measure actual performance in the control process.
Control Equation
Need for action= Desired performance - Actual performance.
Which of the following is NOT a substitute for leadership?
Professional orientation of employees
Which of the following types of performance ratios measures the efficiency of the organization in terms of how well the resources of the organization have been used to generate profit?
Profit ratios
Chapter 11 bankruptcy
Protects an insolvent firm from creditors during a period of reorganization to restore profitability
Social entrepreneurship
Risk taking by entrepreneurs striving to solve pressing social issues is called?
Which of the following is NOT identified that managers can create a more ethical culture?
Set aggressive performance goals.
Prior to designing a training and development program for managers, a human resource specialist attempts to determine which managers require training and what types of skills and knowledge these managers require to develop. This process is known as:
needs assessment.
Which of the following is a level of cognitive moral development?
a. the premoral level
158. Marilyn is a shift leader in the banquet department. She has been assigned the task of researching alternative sources of table centerpieces for special functions. She is to report back her findings at the next meeting. What is her task an example of?
action item
outcome
anything that results from performing a particular behavior
human organization
renis likerts approach that is based on supportive relationships participation and overlapping work groups
________ is the belief that one has the ability to do a job well.
b. Self-determination
On the Leadership Grid, a manager who has a medium concern for people and production is a(n):
b. organization man manager.
job centered leader
behavior occurs when the leader pays close attention to the work of subordinates
_____ describes a positive feeling about your job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.
satisfaction
A member of a task force does not do much work related to the goals of the task force. This member is confident that the other members of the task force "will take up the slack." This group member is exhibiting:
social loafing.
The "interpersonal glue" that helps work groups stay together is known as:
c. group cohesion.
negative emotionality
characterized by moodiness and insecurity
94. If the desired outcome of a team development is that of a high performance team, at what stages should management work with them to establish these expectations?
storming and performing
The members of a task force have disagreements because some members do not want to do what some of the other members want them to do. This stage of group development is known as:
storming.
When a supervisor works alongside of an employee corrects him or her immediately when a mistake is made, this is an example of ____________ control. a) preliminary b) external c) concurrent d) feed forward
concurrent
what is an easy method that improves employee functioning?
constructive feedback through interpersonal communication
A total quality management program is most likely to be associated with ____________. a) breakeven analysis b) EOQ c) continuous improvement d) return on equity
continuous improvement
a total quality management program is most likely to be associated with
continuous improvement
what is the basic management activity that involves determining the extent to which the organization is keeping on track in the task of achieving their goals?
controlling
Stan is trying to implement a new organizational structure at his company. A group of key employees is resisting the change. In an attempt to "buy off" the leaders, Stan is giving them a key role in the change decision. He doesn't really value their opinion, but wants their endorsement. Stan is using the change strategy of _____.
cooptation
Individuals with a positive _____ like themselves, see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their environment.
core self-evaluations
In a CPM/PERT analysis, the focus is on _____ and the event _____ that link them together with the finished product
costs; budgets
systems innovation
creates a new functionality by assembling parts in new ways
In managerial decision making, the ability of a manager to discover novel ideas that lead to alternative courses of action for the organization to use for solving a particular problem is known as:
creativity.
101. What is a chart that informs employees who receive wages about the days and hours that they are expected to work during a specific time period?
crew schedule
in CPM/PERT, "CPM" stands for
critical path method
n CPM/PERT, "CPM" stands for ____________. a) control planning management b) control plan map c) current planning matrix d) critical path method
critical path method
When different managers from different functional areas are brought together to work on an organizational task, they are known as a(n) _____ team.
cross-functional
87. It is summer season and time to freshen the brunch menu. A team of employees from the kitchen, dining room, sales and catering has been chosen to plan new menu items. They have been directed to utilize local ingredients and include some health conscious choices. What kind of team is this?
cross-functional team
Fern Motor Co. brings together senior managers from its marketing, R&D, manufacturing, accounting, and finance departments to work on a project as a team, to design a new type of sport utility vehicle. In this scenario, Fern Motor Co. creates a:
cross-functional team.
Among the financial ratios often used for control purposes, current assets/ current liabilities is known as the _____.
current ratio
Which of the following statements best describes our understanding of the "avoidance approach" to conflict?
d. It is all right to use this approach when issues seem trivial.
3 Problem solving and decision making are often examples of
d. two-way communication.
A mechanistic organization
emphasizes specialization and control
intrapreneurship
entrepreneurial activity that takes place within the context of a large corporation
Fiedler's contingency model assumes that an individual's leadership style is _____.
fixed
the ______ chart graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete the project
gantt
The traditional view of conflict argues that conflict _____.
indicates a malfunctioning within the group
bureaucratic control
influences behavior through authority, policies, procedures, job descriptions, budgets, and day-to-day supervision
vigilant information processing
involves thoroughly investigating all possible alternatives weighing their costs and benefits before making a decision and developing contingency plans
planning
is the process of determining the organizations desired future position and deciding how best to get there
leading
is the process of getting the organizations members to work together toward achieving the organizations goals
controlling
is the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its people to keep them headed toward their goals
controlling
is the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organziation and its members to keep them directed toward their goals
leading
is the process of motivating members of the organization to work together toward the organizations goals
stereotypes
judgements about others that reinforce beliefs about superiority and inferiority
Job rotation is used primarily to
keep employees from getting bored
168. Susi is a chef who has her associate's degree from an accredited culinary program. In addition, she has significant industry experience. Most recently, she has been working in Manhattan in a well-known restaurant. She has been offered a job at a fine dining establishment in Pawley's Island, SC. Which facts affecting compensation might weigh most heavily in the offer?
knowledge and skills required
input standard
measures work efforts that go into a performance task
hersey and blanchard model
model that identifies different combinations of leadership presumed to work best with different levels of organizational maturity on the part of followers
Cultural relativism
suggets that there is no one right way to behave and that ethics is dependent on the local culture
___ consists of technical language and acronyms as well as recognized words with specialized meaning in specific organizations or social groups.
A. Jargon
BCG Matrix
Analyzes business opportunities according to market growth rate and market share
Which of the following is an advantage of job specialization?
B. Jobs can be mastered quickly
Anger, fear, joy, and sadness represent:
C. Type of emotions
Which of the following types of control systems do managers use at the conversion stage of transforming raw materials into finished goods?
Concurrent control
Effective leaders:
D. Do all of the above
In the field of organizational behavior, organizations are best described as:
D. groups of people who work interdependently towards some purpose.
scientific management
one of the first approaches to management focused on the efficiency of individual workers and assumed that employees are motiviated by money
Our likelihood of noticing a person or object depends on its:
E. All of the above
The vision should present a positive, inspiring and vivid description of the organization as it currently exists.
False
Two companies should not merge if a bicultural audit determines that they have substantially different cultures. (T/F)
False
Which organization structure is best suited to leveraging specialization?
Functional
Individual level independent variables include _____.
perception
Product structure
Groups together people and jobs working on a single product or service
The degree to which an employee keeps trying, when faced with obstacles, to accomplish a goal is referred to as:
persistence.
99. What is the first step in managing any project, whether it assigned to a team or an individual?
planning
Growth strategy
Involves expansion of organization's current operations
Which of the following is the MOST likely reason that unions exist?
Managers may take actions to benefit other stakeholders at the expense of workers
Economic order quantity
Method places new orders when inventory levels fall to predetermined points. Inventory cost controls.
Max Webber
proposed the development of what he called the bureaucratic form of organization structure
Big 4
Planning, Controlling, Strategy, Structure
In order to build teamwork, a manager should avoid which of the following?
Supervising the group closely
Which is NOT a common class of norms appearing in most work groups?
Termination
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's membership group is superior to others
Span of control
The number of persons directly reporting to a manager
Continuous improvement
The process of always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance is called.
Co-opetition
The strategy of working with rivals on projects of mutual benefit
Ill-defined problems require a non-programmed decision process. (T/F)
True
Organizational goals should be both challenging and realistic. (T or F)
True
organizational commitment
a persona identification with and attachment to an organization
146. Why is it important for managers to understand why some employees dislike meetings?
a. Eliminate these problem issues through thoughtful planning
194. What is the purpose having an employee reference release?
a. Employee wishes manager to provide reference information to a potential employer
In organizational justice, distributive justice:
a. concerns the fairness of outcomes individuals receive.
Which of the following is one of the competencies that make up emotional intelligence?
a. empathy
157. Which warm-up activities are used during various stage of development to ensure optimizing performance?
team-building
81. What is the term for the act of cooperating and working together to complete tasks and reach common goals?
teamwork
goal commitment
the extent to which a person is personally interested in reaching a goal
Portfolio management helps an organization achieve its strategic goals in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a. managing ongoing projects b. providing needed resources c. selecting the right projects d. prioritizing work to be done
A
True
A mission statement identifies why the company exists, who they sell to, why they sell, and how they will succeed.
virtual office
A mobile office in which people can work anywhere, as long as they have the tools to communicate with customers and colleagues
Some ___ are just people assembled together without any necessary ___.
A. Groups, interdependence
An employee has power in the organization only when he or she:
A. Has the authority to influence others
Which reward system tends to discourage poor performers from voluntarily leaving the organization?
A. Membership and seniority-based pay
The requirement to show performance results to a supervisor.
Accountability
Sustainable competitive advantage
Achieved in ways that are difficult to imitate
Which type of financial ratio measures how well the managers of the organization are creating value from the organization's assets?
Activity ratio
Which of the following types of organizational cultures is strong and controls employee attitudes and behaviors?
Adaptive culture
Web-based business models
Advertising Brokerage Community Freemium Infomediary Merchant Referral Subscription
Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
Agreeableness
benchmarking
An organization compares its own practices against those of successful competitors.
Mission
An organization's reason for existence in society
____ seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization and build on these to improve performance.
Appreciative inquiry
Organizing
Arranges people and resources to work toward a goal
What can a manager do to discourage social loafing in a group?
Assign specific tasks to group members and hold them accountable for their performance
In the PMBOK, the five logical groupings of the project management inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs are called the: a.project management knowledge areas b.project management process groups c.life cycle stages d.phases and gates
B
Many writers have stated that effective objectives should be: a. broad - to cover many dimensions of the business b. measurable - to track progress c. unachievable - to inspire maximum performance d. resource based - to focus on the inputs
B
Employees who believe that accomplishing a particular task will almost certainly result in a day off with pay would have:
B. A P-to-O expectancy close to 1
Whenever an advertising firm lands a new contract, the successful team rings a loud bell and breaks our a bottle of champagne. In organizational culture, this practice would be considered:
B. A ceremony
Compared to people in low-cohesion teams, members of high cohesion teams:
B. Are more likely to resolve conflicts swiftly and effectively
One of the first steps in a merger to minimize cultural clashes is to:
B. Conduct a bicultural audit
Virtual teams are best described as:
B. Cross-functional groups of employees that operate across space, time and organizational boundaries
The concept of bounded rationality holds that:
B. Decision makers process limited and imperfect information and therefor rarely select the best choice
The extent of person's self-leadership is dependent on ___ and ___ factors.
B. Situational, personal
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for coping with uncertainty?
B. Substitution
Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model states that the best leadership style depends on:
B. The availability of leadership substitutes
Initial, target, and resistance represent three elements in:
B. The bargaining zone model
Quality of work life (QWL) issues include:
Being respected and value Fair pay Safe work conditions Opportunities to learn
Relative comparisons
Benchmark performance against that being achieved by other people, work units, or organizations.
All of the following are TRUE about both positive and negative reinforcement EXCEPT:
Both positive and negative reinforcement tend to weaken behavior and decrease it subsequent frequency.
Cross-functional team
Brings together members from different functional departments
Other types of control
Bureaucratic Org Market Budget Social norm (clan) Internal External
Which of the following types of control systems uses rules and SOPs to regulate the behavior of workers within the organization?
Bureaucratic control system
A manager trying to motivate an employee should
By observing leaders and socialization
A clear and compelling vision will have all the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. often requires extra effort to achieve. b. often requires several years to achieve. c. provides detailed roadmap for managing a project d. helps stakeholders to understand the direction of the firm.
C
In an adaptive or change - driven project life cycle: a.the product or deliverable is well understood. b.planning precedes all executing. c.early results lead into planning later work. d.the waterfall approach is commonly used.
C
Once selected projects have been prioritized, it is time to assign resources to projects based on their order of priority. Resources could include all of the following EXCEPT: a. subject matter experts b.equipment c. quality metrics d. money
C
Typically, the senior customer representative is responsible for which of the following project roles? a.develops the project schedule and budget b.determines how the project work will be accomplished c.ensures the needs of the customer's organization are identified and prioritized d.helps the project manager with running meetings and providing status reports
C
Which of the following actions will likely cause a project to fail? a. dedicating valuable team member time to identify risk events b. spending project funding to procure needed tools and spare parts c. unclear or conflicting stakeholder expectations d. conducting a project audit to evaluate performance
C
At meetings of a major consumer products firm, employees habitually stand up when the most senior executive at the meeting enter the room. This practice represents:
C. A ritual that probably symbolizes the organization's dominant culture
What is the significance of artifacts in organizational cultures?
C. Artifacts represent the directly observable symbols and signs of an organization's culture
The best way to measure an organization's culture is to:
C. Conduct a careful analysis of many organizational artifacts
Which of the following statements about countervailing power in organizational relationships is TRUE?
C. Countervailing power is the weaker party's power to maintain the stronger party's continued participation in the relationship
The distributive justice rule applies the concept of:
C. Equity
Management by walking around:
C. Minimizes the problem of filtering in the communication process
In the context of organizational socialization, the adjustment process is better for:
C. Newcomers with diverse work experience
How do norms affect the behavior of team members?
C. Norms help the team regulate and guide the behaviors of its members
Which of these statements about decentralization is FALSE?
C. Organizations operating in diverse environments are more effective when they centralized decision making
Organizational behavior views organizations as:
C. open systems.
Problems with mgmt. by objective
Can become to complicated, problems with objectives closely related w/ pay, focused too much on easy accomplishments, involves excessive paperwork, dictated by supervisors
Retrenchment strategy
Changes operations to correct weaknesses
Which of the following is NOT a barrier to effective communication?
Channel richness
_____ refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.
Channel richness
Which of the following is imposed on workers within the organization by the shared values, norms, standards of behavior, and expectations?
Clan control
A has ____ power over B if A can dismiss, suspend, or demote B, assuming that B values his or her job.
Coercive
Which of the following types of managerial power is used to punish subordinates?
Coercive power
What are 3 things important to the objective hierarchy?
Communication Alignment Follow-through
Controlling Step 3
Compares results with objectives and standards to determine the need for corrective action.
Getting bigger strategies
Concentration Diversification (related, unrelated) Vertical integration (forward, backward) Basic growth (Blonde Roast)
According to Kolb's Learning Style Type, which of the following describes the accommodative learning style?
Concrete experience, active experimentation, adaptive
Which of the following is true about conflict?
Conflict can be both positive and negative.
Which type of behavior is a leader portraying when he/she expresses substantial levels of trust toward a subordinate?
Consideration
_______ planning identifies alternative courses of action that can be taken if problems occur with the original plan.
Contingency
People with positive _____ believe in their inner worth and basic competence.
Core self-evaluations
Levels of strategy
Corporate Business Functional
Which of the following plans of an organization contains top management's decisions about the organization's mission, goals, strategy, and structure?
Corporate-level plan
All of the following criteria serve as a valid basis for identifying potential projects in most organizations EXCEPT: a. social need b. environmental considerations c. technological advances d. internal politics
D
All of the following factors have influenced the increased reliance upon project management in recent years EXCEPT: a.rapid growth and changes in the information technology and telecommunications industries b.realization that methods for large projects can be modified and used for small projects c.increased international competition and its influence on consumer demands d.the decreased demands of ongoing operational work
D
All of the following factors influence the opportunities and threats an organization must consider when performing a strategic analysis EXCEPT: a. competitors b. suppliers c. regulatory agencies d. employees
D
Competencies include:
D. All of the above
Teams have which of the following features?
D. All of the above
Which of the following is NOT identified in the textbook as a form of influence?
D. Visibility
According to the Holmes and Rahe "Social Adjustment Rating Scale," which of the following is considered the most stressful event?
Death of a spouse
Which of the following individual qualities is not required in ethical decision making?
Dependence on a supervisor to always tell you what is right.
Organization chart
Describes the arrangement of work positions within an organization
When a member of the group fails to act consistently with a group norm, which of the following has occurred?
Deviance
Line reporting
Direct
Which of the following is a major problem that self-managed work teams can encounter?
Disciplining team members
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of trust?
Distance
3 elements of organizing
Divide up work Arrange resources Coordinate activities
Org. chart provides
Division of work Chain of command: identifies who directly talks to whom Span of control Communication flow Major subunits Staff vs. line Levels of mgmt.
Fixed Costs
Do not change with the level of production.
Example of company that follows network structure
Dreamworks
Strategic intent
During the time of the Great Depression, Herbert Hoover promised the voters "a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage" this could be considered a statement of
Which of these statements about team roles is FALSE?
E. A team role is almost always assigned to the same person for the life of the team
According to recent writing on the subject, which of the following competencies is/are characteristics of effective leaders?
E. All of these are leadership competencies
Groupthink is cause by:
E. All of these factors cause groupthink
Stable, long-lasting beliefs about what is important in a variety of situations are:
E. Called values
Referent power is typically associated with:
E. Charisma
When jobs are highly independent, employers should:
E.) Use a team-based reward and use an organizational-based reward system
According to the Myers-Briggs type Indicator, people who are classified as _____ are conceptualizers.
ENTPs
Threats of safe desk
Easily reproducible Seasonal demand Recession
Potential advantages of functional structures
Economies of scale make efficient use of human resources Functional experts are good at solving technical problems Training within functions promotes skill development Career paths are available within each function
Feedforward control
Ensures clear directions and needed resources BEFORE work begins
Porter's attractiveness of industry forces
Entrants Suppliers Industry competition Customers Substitutes
_____ exists when an individual perceives that the ratio of their inputs to outcomes is dissimilar to the ration of relevant others.
Equity tension
Controlling Step 1
Establish performance objectives and standards for measuring them.
_____ is a field of study that examines the extent to which emotions, whether positive or negative, serve a purpose.
Evolutionary psychology
SWOT analysis
Examines organizational strengths and weaknesses, as well as environmental opportunities and threats
Growth through diversification
Expansion by entering related or new business areas
Growth through concentration
Expansion within an existing business area
Which of the following theories postulates that motivation of employees will be high when employees believe that a high level of effort will lead to high performance, but only when they believe that high performance leads to the attainment of outcomes that they desire?
Expectancy theory
A project is a lasting endeavor undertaken ot maintain a reliable product or service.
False
Absenteeism is lower in organizations with general sick leave. (T/F)
False
Conscientiousness refers to the extent that people are sensitive, flexible, creative, and curious. (T/F)
False
Forming, storming, and norming are the three main levels of task interdependence. (T/F)
False
Transactional leaders are mainly change agents.(T/F)
False
Typically, creative people possess less knowledge and experience on the subject than experts in the field. (T/F)
False
Upward appeal is not considered a type of influence tactic. (T/F)
False
When Adam Smith reported on how 10 pin makers working together could produce many times more pins than if they worked alone, Smith was describing the benefits of job enrichment. (T/F)
False
When work activities are too complex to standardize through extensive training for employees, companies need to coordinate work effort through precise job descriptions. (T/F)
False
While conducting a SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses are considered the external environment factors affecting an organization. (T or F)
False
While there is a wide variety of projects across organizations, the degree of formality used in selecting them is largely uniform.
False
top down change
Fast revolutionary approach to change, top managers ID what needs to be changed and they quickly implement the change
In which of the following stages of the communication process do the sender and receiver reverse their roles?
Feedback
In which stage of the communication process is a common understanding reached between the participants?
Feedback
What type of control do managers use at the output stage?
Feedback control
Which type of control do managers typically use in the input stage of the process of transforming raw materials into finished goods?
Feedforward control
The problem of "currency risks" refers to
Fluctuations in foreign exchange rates
Management by exception
Focuses attention on differences between actual and desired performance
Management by exception
Focuses attention on the greatest need for action. Focuses attention on differences between actual and desired performance.
Big 6 planning tools
Forecasting Contingency planning (we have control over) Scenario planning (we don't have control over) Benchmarking Participatory planning Goal setting
____ groups are defined by the organization's structure.
Formal
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organizational culture?
Formalization
Which of the following is NOT a technique to enhance creativity?
Forming homogeneous work groups
Strategic management consists of strategy----- and---------
Formulation/Implementation
_____ is an incentive plan where improvements in group productivity determine the total amount of money that is allocated.
Gainsharing
The ____________ chart graphically displays the scheduling of tasks required to complete the project. a) after-action b) exception c) Taylor d) Gantt
Gantt
Empowerment
Gives people freedom to do their jobs as they think best
Based on the finding of the Hawthorne studies, you know as a manager that:
Giving special attention to your employees will likely increase their performance
Control charts
Graphical ways of displaying trends so that exceptions of quality standards can be identified.
Gantt chart
Graphically displays teh scheduling tasks required to complete a project.
Which of the following statements is true about group dynamics?
Groups go through predictable stages to become productive.
Which is NOT a weakness of group decision-making?
Groups offer increased diversity of views.
The two most important factors regarding objectives are that they should be measurable and
Have a time for completion
The contingency model that focuses on how managers motivate subordinates by identifying their desired outcomes, rewarding them for high performance, and the attainment of work goals with these desired outcomes is:
House's path-goal theory.
Bureaucratic control
Influences behavior through authority, policies, procedures, job descriptions, budgets, and day to day supervision.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the climate of trust?
Interpersonal trust among team members reduces the need to monitor each others behavior.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Involves all employees in a constant process of improving quality and productivity by improving how they work.
Which of the following is true about job enrichment?
It increases employee responsibility.
Which of the following accurately describes social loafing?
It is also known as freeloading.
Who created the three-step model for change that includes unfreezing, movement, and refreezing?
Kurt Lewin
With reference to the steps of decision-making process, which of the following is the last step in the managerial decision-making process?
Learn from feedback
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of physical ability?
Looks
Strategic control
Makes sure strategies are well implemented and that poor strategies are scrapped or changed
2 axes of BCG model
Market growth rate Market share
Output standard
Measures performance in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time
What is at the top of the planning/objective hierarchy?
Mission/purpose
Difference b/w mission and vision
Mission: current, goals & objective, internal driven, defines the company's objectives and approach to reach those objectives Vision: future, beliefs/values, external driven, describes the future desired position of company
What is the relationship between stress and job performance?
Moderate stress correlates with high performance.
The Act that made it legal for workers to organize into unions was the:
National Labor Relations Act.
Establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations and being liked are characteristics of individuals who can be rated high on which of the following?
Need for affiliation
intrapreneurs
New-venture creators working inside big companies
_____ commitment refers to an employee's obligation to remain with an organization for moral or ethical reasons.
Normative
Internal control (AKA self-control)
Occurs as people exercise self-discipline in fulfilling job expectations
Internal/self control
Occurs as people take personal responsibility for their work and job expectations.
Growth through vertical integration
Occurs by acquiring suppliers or distributors
____ training includes job rotation, apprenticeships, understudy assignments, and formal mentoring programs.
On-the-job
Projects
One-time activities with many component tasks that must be completed in proper order and according to budget.
Joint Venture
Operates through co-ownership with local partners
_____ culture is the set of values, norms, and expectations of behavior that control the ways in which workers interact with one another within the organization.
Organizational
Operation plans
Plans that identify the various short term activities needed to implement strategic plans
Which of the following is considered an unethical political tactic to gain power in an organization?
Playing territorial games
Policies vs. procedures
Policies: broad guidelines, "you're not allowed to date" Procedures: specific actions, what to do if someone wants to date
Dunkin' Donuts growth strategies
Reaching more customers in more places with more products Retail placement, partnering w/ grocery retailers, store-within-a-store concept, lodging market, theme park restaurant, DDSMART critera Competitive advantage, ability to generate strong sustainable growth in cash flows, highly focused, good relationship b/w franchisees and franchisors, strong sister brand in Baskin-Robbins internationally, flexible brand (core/localized products)
Doing business internationally can be justified by all of the following except: Expand profit potential Gain access to more costumers Reduce access to capital Lower cost of materials and supplies Reduce labor costs
Reduce access to capital
Just-in-time scheduling (JIT)
Routes materials to workstations just in time for use. Inventory cost controls.
Carefully designing jobs with efficient work methods is necessary to
Scientific management
Corporate strategy
Sets long-term direction for the total enterprise
Whistle blower
Someone who exposes unethical behavior on the part of others, often senior management is
Which of the following is used in situations in which programmed decision making is appropriate?
Standing plan
False
Taco Bell makes continuous flow of product based on sales history.
Feedback control
Takes place after completing an action
Which of the following is often known as the ad hoc committee?
Task force
Which of the following is a way to bring distant managers together to brainstorm and is a written approach to creative problem solving?
The Delphi technique
Scarcity
The fact that there are too few resources for consumers.
Stakeholders
The group of all people and institutions directly impacted by a firm are called
Formal structure
The official structure of the organization
Critical path
The pathway from project start to conclusion that involves activites with the longest completion times.
Informal structure
The set of unofficial relationships among an organization's members
Information is shared between two or more people in which phase of the communication process?
Transmission
Example of concentration strategy
Walmart's hub and spoke system
Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
What do the letters SWOT stand for in a SWOT analysis?
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
What does CEO stand for?
What is cognitive dissonance?
When attitudes or beliefs held by a person are contradictory
Impression Management
When management tries to create a positive perception of the company in the eyes of employees
Which of the following is a difference between men's and women's communication styles?
Women prefer to communicate to build rapport, and men use communication to display knowledge and skill.
____ means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.
Workforce diversity
impression management
a direct and intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her own image in the eyes of others
psychological contract
a person's set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and wht the organization will provide in return
Six Sigma
a quality standard of 3.4 defects or less per million products or service deliveries
classical conditioning
a simple form of learning that links a conditioned response with an unconditioned stimulus
182. How does training relate to employee retention and productivity?
a. Management commitment to planning for new employee's success
77. A nighttime pantry chef in a busy Italian restaurant is frustrated. Every time she comes to work, her station has not been stocked to par, as per policy. This means she begins her shift behind, and her ticket times are affected. She takes pride in leaving the station stocked for the same individual. She has tried talking it over and leaving notes, but to no avail. The manager has agreed to facilitate a discussion and make suggestions so that an agreement can be reached. This technique of conflict resolution is referred to as:?
a. Mediation
76. There have been issues regarding closing duties that have failed to be performed in the dining room at the end of the shift. The conflict appears to center upon which of two servers responsibility it falls upon to do the work. The manager has asked the servers to discuss this issue and reach an agreement. Which of the conflict resolution strategies is being employed?
a. Negotiation
116. What are reasons why employers end up paying overtime?
a. No-show employees cause others to work extra or customers stay longer than anticipated past closing time
148. Is it important for all affected employees to attend a meeting?
a. No. Invite only those employees who are essential to the purpose of the meeting
126. What sort of restaurant operation activity might be suitable for a manager to develop a policy regarding?
a. Number and cost per person required to close for private party
187. What needs must the manager balance when developing improvement timelines in a progressive discipline program?
a. Reasonable time for employee to improve with how long operation can afford to have substandard performance
160. What is the purpose of keeping meeting minutes?
a. Reference of proceedings and record, particularly for those unable to attend
136. Which classification of event has occurred when a guest who has eaten a salad prepared with a walnut oil dressing experiences swelling of the throat, tightness of the chest and wheezing?
a. Report of food problems; critical incident
Change and acquisition is:
a. when the newcomer begins to master the demands of the job.
punishment
an unpleasant or aversive consequence that results from behavior
the four steps for reaching goals are; developing, implementing and evaluating the plan. what is the final step?
applying results
job centered and employee cenetred leader
behavior were presumed to be at opposite ends of a single dimension
in reference to goal setting, what is the name of standards by which something can be measured or judged?
benchmarks
163. What is the term for an agreed-upon amount of additional compensation to be paid when specific financial goals are met?
bonus
Empowerment is a strategy focused on improving all of the following EXCEPT
bureaucracy
The alliances that link together firms in supply chain management relationships are examples of how businesses try to use ___________ strategies. a) B2C b) growth c) cooperation d) concentration
c) cooperation
Which of the following statements about barriers to communication is TRUE?
c. They include gender differences and language.
The most visible and accessible level of culture is:
c. artifacts.
Identify the five major barriers to social perception.
c. selective perception, stereotyping, first-impression error, projection and self-fulfilling prophecies
The only way a person can influence someone else is to
communicate
The sharing of information between two or more people within the organization in order to reach a common understanding is known as:
communication.
performance management system PMS
comprises the processes and activities involved in performance appraisals
According to the Situational Leadership model, a ________ style is characterized by high task behavior and high relationship behavior.
d. selling
Power distance is:
d. the degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.
100. When is the appropriate time to celebrate the success of the team and its members?
debrief meeting
The Delphi technique is best suited for
decision making for groups that are difficult to bring physically together
The first step in the planning process?
define your objectives
what is known as the process of assigning authority to employees to do work that a manager at a higher organizational level would otherwise do?
delegation
The question "To whom do you go to for information about what's going on?" is commonly asked
during a social network analysis
95. Which team management challenge might a seasonal business that employees primarily changing student staff each year might encounter?
effectiveness due to high turnover
135. What is a situation that involves urgent medical or security threats such as a customer who collapses or a robbery? It may or may not include rescue squads, 911 or similar calls and hospital visits.
emergency
A team member in the role of process observer contributes by
helping the group look at how it's functioning
People in good moods use _____, or rules of thumb, to make decisions.
heuristics
job design
how organizations define and structure jobs
Cognitive style is determined by
how people gather and evaluate information
job characteristics approach
identifies five motivational properties of tasks and three psychological states of people
leadership substitutes
individual task and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leaders ability to affect subordinates satisfaction and performance
A slot machine is an example of _____ reinforcement.
intermittent
unconflicted change
involves making changes in present activities if doing so presents no serious risks
organizing
is the process of designing jobs grouping jobs into units and establishing patterns of authority between job and units
planning
is the process of determining an organizations desired future position and the best means of getting there
project management
makes sure that activities required to complete a project are planned well and accomplished on time
The ____ violates the unity-of-command concept.
matrix structure
control equation
need for action = desired performance - actual performance
The following are all conditions that favor social learning EXCEPT
need for power
The chief means of conveying messages is _____ communication.
oral
_____ studies behavior as it relates to concerns such as absenteeism, turnover, productivity, and performance.
organizational behavior
Conflict must be _____ by the parties to it.
perceived
The concept of _____ refers to goods and services that are dependable, reliable, able to do what they were designed for, and satisfying.
quality
The best goals or objectives for planning purposes would have which of the following characteristics?
realistic and possible to achieve, while still challenging.
124. If the following tasks presented themselves, which would an excellent manager prioritize over the others? Social networking promotion, email response to corporate survey of franchisees, breakdown of walk-in refrigerator, and call-out of one of four bussers.
refrigerator
just-in-time scheduling (JIT)
routes materials to workstations just in time for use
93. What type of team is one that has been characterized as a high performance team?
self-directed
The _____ initiates a message by encoding a thought.
sender
90. What stage is a team that expresses resistance, tension, engages in power struggles, lacks progress and responds well to a coaching leadership style in?
storming
Delphi Technique
technique developed by the Rand Corp - a method of systematically gathering the judgments of experts for use in developing forecasts
According to Rokeach, _____ values refer to desirable end-states of existence.
terminal
cognitive dissonance
the anxiety a person experiences when he or she siimultanously possesses two sets of knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent
goal specificity
the clarity and precision of a goal
conflict stimulation
the creation and constructive use of conflict by a manager
job categories
the jobs in work groups are usually defined in narrow descriptions of highly specialized jobs that require minimal training
need for affiliation
the need for human companionship
decoding
the process by which the reciever of themessage interprets its meaning
decision making
the process of choosing from among several alternatives
symbolic value
the subjective and personal meaning or worth a reward has to an employee
situational perspective
theory that suggests that in most organizations situations and outcomes are contingent on or influcence by other variables
michigan leadership studies
these studies defined job centered and employee centered leadership as opposite ends of a single leadership continuum
ohio state leaderships studies
these studies defined leader consideration and initating structure behaviors as independent dimensions of leadership
practical approach to decision making
this approach combines the steps of the rational approach with the conditions in the behavioral approach to create a more realistic process for making decisions in organizations
task environment
this environment includes specific organizations groups and individuals that influence the organization
vroom's decision tree approach to leadership
this model attempts to prescribe how much participation subordinates should be allowed in making decisions
preparation
usually the first tage in the creative process includes education and formal training
Gary Yukl
who developed a useful perspective for understanding how power might be used
166. Sixty-one year old Casey has been a prep cook at the riverfront restaurant for thirty years. She slipped and fell while carrying a pot of water and has broken her ankle. She is not able to work and may not be able to return to work, due to the nature of the break. Which benefit program will provide for her?
workers' compensation
Managers should design flexible structures, characterized by decentralized authority and empowered employees, for their organization when its:
workforce is highly skilled.
what are guiding principles with lasting value that effective leaders use to set the professional tone of conduct in their operations referred to as?
workplace ethics
When a manager is asked to justify a new budget proposal on the basis of projected adjustment to the prior year's budget, this is an example of _____.
zero-based budgeting
Components of good planning
Action Priority Advantage Change
_____ is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience.
Affect
All of the following accurately describe Alderfer's ERG theory EXCEPT
Alderfer reworked Herzberg's theory to align with empirical research
Leadership is the domain of which group of employees?
All employees
_____ has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries.
Anthropology
Programmed decision
Applies a solution from past experience to a routine problem
All of the following statements concerning project portfolios are true EXCEPT: a. The projects in a portfolio are grouped to be managed collectively. b. Portfolios cannot include operations and programs. c. Portfolios usually include a mix of high-risk and low-risk projects. d. All projects in a portfolio contribute to the organization's goals.
B
From an agile project management perspective, which of these constraints are considered to be fixed? a.Quality and value b.Resources and schedule c. scope and time d.Customer satisfaction
B
Once projects are completed, they will typically yield all of the following results EXCEPT: a.a unique product, service or result b.make or buy decisions c.stakeholders whose interests are affected by the outcome d.a primary deliverable along with supporting deliverables
B
Portfolios deal with all of an organization's projects, while programs deal with: a. ongoing operations b. a specific group of related projects c. resource availability d. tradeoffs between schedule, scope and quality
B
Typically, a steering team or leadership team is responsible for all of the following project related roles EXCEPT: a.selecting, prioritizing and resourcing projects b.providing rigid policies, procedures, standards and guidelines c.ensuring accurate progress is reported and adjustments made d.aligning projects with the organization's strategic plans
B
Which of the following examples is NOT a typical or appropriate situation to employ project management? a.improving a soldering process in an assembly line b.processing deposits and withdrawals in a bank c.installing a new accounting application on to a server d.developing a new medical device for use by clinics
B
Your team has been put in charge of a major project involving a client. Although the organization has many clients, this is the largest source of revue and affects the work of several other teams in the organization. The project requires continuous involvement with the client, so any problems with the client are immediately felt by other in the organization. According to the model of power, your team has:
B. A high degree of centrality
Which of the following refers to the fact that motivation is goal-directed, not random?
B. Direction
For which type of environment should organizations adopt an organic structure?
B. Dynamic environments
Organizational citizenship refers to:
B. Employee behaviors that extend beyond normal job duties
Which of the following is a form of knowledge acquisition?
B. Experimentation.
Share option plans:
B. Give employees the right to purchase company shares at a future date at a predetermined price
The problem-solving interpersonal style of conflict has:
B. High assertiveness and high cooperativeness
A parallel learning structure:
B. Includes highly participative teams constructed alongside the formal organizational hierarchy
___ is part of a larger influence tactic called ___.
B. Ingratiation, impression management
A financial institution wants to create online communities whereby employees can quickly receive information about a specific topic from colleagues throughout the organization. Which of the following communication media would likely work best in this situation?
B. Instant messaging
Candoo Ltd. will soon flatten its hierarchy by removing two of the five layers of management. If the number of employees in the organization remains constant, which of the following must also occur?
B. It must widen the span of control
When negotiators have an audience watching their progress in the negotiations, the aduience's negotiatior:
B. Pays more attention to saving face
Which of the following is an individual incentive?
B. Piece-rate plans
Showing interest and clarifying the message are two activities associated with which active listening process?
B. Responding
Which of these refers to a person's beliefs about what behaviors are appropriate or necessary in a particular situation?
B. Role perceptions
The level of information overload is a function of:
B. The receiver's information-processing capacity and the actual information load received
With respect to procedural justice, the "value-expressive" function which "voice" provides refers to:
B. The way employees feel after voicing their opinions
People tend to evaluate female leaders slightly less favorably than male leaders because:
B. They tend to rely on gender stereotypes and prototypes of leaders
Escalation of commitment can be minimized by ensuring that:
B. Those who choose the decision are different from those who implement and evaluate it
Which of the following does NOT contribute to a sustainable competitive advantage? - Being easily limited -Outperforming your rivals -Performing successfully for costumers -being able to maintain your edge -All of the above
Being easily imitated
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a bureaucratic organizational structure?
Bureaucratic controls can suppress initiative and decision making at lower levels.
Projects are considered successful for all of the reasons below EXCEPT:.. a. members of the team learn new skills working on the project. b. the organization captures lessons learned for future projects. c. the team has demonstrated heroics to meet project objectives d. the organization reaps business level benefits.
C
Which of the following responses most accurately depicts the correct sequence of activities in the strategic planning process? a. strategic objectives - strategic analysis - guiding principles - flow-down objectives b. guiding principles - strategic analysis - strategic objectives - flow-down objectives c. strategic analysis - guiding principles - strategic objectives - flow-down objectives d. guiding principles - strategic objectives - flow-down objectives - strategic analysis
C
Which of the following statements regarding project life cycles is most accurate? a.All research and development organizations rely upon a four-stage project life cycle that includes initiating, planning, executing and closing. b.The project life cycle is the same regardless of the type of projects managed by an organization. c.Many different project life cycle models are used, for different types of projects. d.All project life cycles are the same across every industry
C
Conflict is defined as:
C. A process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party
Legitimate, referent, and expert are:
C. Different sources of organizational power
Which drive in the Four-drive Theory is reactive rather than proactive?
C. Drive to defend
___ represents an employee's experienced meaningfulness in their work, a sense of self-determination, confidence in their abilities, and a sense that their work has an impact on the company's success?
C. Empowerment
The philosophy of positive organizational behavior states that:
C. Focusing on the positive rather than negative aspects of life will improve organizational success and individual well-being
The current trend is for companies to shift their divisionalized structures away from:
C. Geography
An individual's personality:
C. Is less evident in situations where social norms, reward systems, and other conditions constrain behavior.
The purely rational model of decision making is rarely practiced in reality because:
C. It assumes that people are efficient and logical in their information processing
Which of the following is NOT typically a problem with a functional structure?
C. It is more difficult to directly supervise employees within each department
Which of the following systematically evaluates the worth of each job within the organization?
C. Job evaluation
Which of the following statements about the leadership substitutes model is FALSE?
C. Leadership substitutes neutralize or replace transformational rather than transactional leadership
A major consumer-products company wanted to create a more entrepreneurial and marketing-oriented culture. After failing to bring about the change through middle management, senior executives worked directly with selected teams of front-line employees. These teams, which represented each area of the organization, worked on special projects outside the normal organizational structure. This intervention is closest to which organizational change strategy
C. Parallel learning structures
_____ is negotiation between labor unions and managers to resolve conflicts and disputes about important issues such as working hours, wages, working conditions, and job security.
Collective bargaining
Matrix structure
Combines functional and divisional approaches to emphasize project or program teams
When applied to project management, the human resource management knowledge area typically involves which of the following activities? a. determining the work necessary for project completion b. estimating, budgeting and controlling project costs c. identifying, analyzing and controlling project risks d. organizing, managing and leading the project team
D
Which of the following statements concerning strategic analysis is true? a. Strategic analysis focuses exclusively upon external analysis. b. External analysis focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. c. Internal analysis focuses on the threats and opportunities facing the organization. d. External analysis focuses on the threats and opportunities facing the organization.
D
Which of the ten knowledge areas defined in the Project Management Body of Knowledge includes the activities of purchasing or acquiring products, services or results from outside the project team? a. Scope management b. Quality management c. Communications management d. Procurement management
D
Which of the following represents a form of nonverbal communication?
D. All of the above
Which of the following will improve creativity?
D. All of these would improve creativity
___ are the natural talents that help employees learn specific tasks more quickly and perform them better.
D. Aptitude
Which of the following is a perspective of learning emphasizing the environment rather than human thought as the source of all learning?
D. Behavior modification
The uncomfortable tension felt when our behavior and attitudes are inconsistent with each other is called:
D. Cognitive dissonance
Which of the following occurs during the incubation stage of the creative process?
D. Divergent thinking
It is often difficult to maintain feelings of equity among employees because:
D. Each employee has different opinions regarding which inputs should be regarded and which outcomes are more valuable than others
Employees at CyberTech perform repetitive jobs that have resulted in boredom as well as repetitive strain injury. Technology makes it difficult to combine existing jobs, but the company wants to make employees more multiskilled. Which of the following would best help CyberTech to improve this situation?
D. Introduce job rotation
How do mental models relate to the concept of organizational culture?
D. Mental models represent the values within an organization's culture
All of these factors directly influence an employee's voluntary behavior and performance EXCEPT:
D. Moral intensity
Someone who is new to the job and has a low sense of achievement is:
D. More vulnerable to the supervisor's self-fulfilling prophecies of that employee
All of the following organizational environment features potentially affects team effectiveness EXCEPT which one?
D. Team size
Which of these statements is consistent with the five anchors of organizational behavior?
D. The field of organizational behavior should rely on other disciplines for some of its theory development
Which of these is NOT a strategy identified by the conflict management experts as something that might reduce the level of relationship conflict during constructive conflict episodes?
D. Third-party conflict resolution
During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties exchange their initial proposals or demands?
Definition of ground rules
_____ is a critical analysis of a preferred alternative to ascertain its strengths and weaknesses before it is implemented. The purpose is to identify all the reasons that might make the preferred alternative unacceptable after all.
Devil's advocacy
Improvement objectives
Document intentions to improve performance in a specific way
Improvement objectives
Document intentions to improve performance in a specific way.
Job evaluation and skill-based pay plans are both considered:
E. None of the answers apply
Servant leadership emphasizes the notion that:
E. None of these
Which of the following practices should be avoided when trying to bring about organizational change?
E. None of these
The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution occurs because:
E. Only 'A' and 'B'
Which of these factors directly influences an employee's voluntary behavior and performance?
E. Only 'A' and 'B'
The capacity to influence others in organizational settings is known as:
E. Power
The tendency for people to dislike losing a particular amount more than they like gaining the same amount is called:
E. Prospect theory
Employees should almost always be organized into teams when they have:
E. Reciprocal interdependence
Increasing inventories between sequential work units tends to reduce potential conflict by:
E. Reducing task interdependence
As soon as people divide work among themselves, they need to:
E. Rely on one of more coordinating mechanisms
Prejudice and discrimination are most closely tied to which of these concepts?
E. Stereotyping
Exchange and ingratiation are:
E. Two forms of influence
Inventory control
Ensures that inventory is only big enough to meet immediate needs.
Social entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship that is targeted at solving the problems of the poor and disadvantaged
Which of the following is NOT a key element in motivation?
Environment
Which of the following theories focuses on the perceptions of workers of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs?
Equity theory
_____ is an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information.
Escalation of commitment
Market control
Essentially the influence of market competition on the behavior of organizations and their members
Greenfield venture
Establishes a foreign subsidiary by building en entirely new operation in a foreign country
According to Four-drive Theory, organizations maximize motivation by focusing employees on opportunities to fulfill only one of the four drives. (T/F)
False
According to Learned Needs Theory, companies should hire leaders with a strong need for personalized power. (T/F)
False
According to Michael Porter's five forces model, the more that companies compete against one another for customers, the higher is the level of industry profits. (T or F)
False
According to Senge's concept of the learning organization, team learning is less important than individual learning when trying to increase organizational learning. (T or F)
False
According to contingency theory, there can be only one best way to design an organization's structure. (T or F)
False
According to the MARS model of individual behavior and performance, employee performance will remain high even if one of the four factors significantly wakens. (T/F)
False
According to the bargaining zone model, the parties should begin negotiations by describing their resistance point to each other. (T/F)
False
According to the halo effect, a supervisor's initial expectations of you influence your behavior so that you are more likely to act consistently with those expectations. (T/F)
False
According to the systems perspective, most organizations have one working part rather than many sub-components. (T/F)
False
Adam Smith introduced the principles of Scientific Management. (T/F)
False
All projects go through a common project life cycle that includes four stages: concept, development, production and close-out.
False
All teams are groups and all groups are teams. (T or F)
False
An employee's ability to influence others increases as the source of his or her power becomes more substitutable. (T/F)
False
An important feature of parallel learning structures is that they operate within the existing organizational hierarchy. (T/F)
False
An important rule for effective negotiations is to avoid using persuasive communication tactics since this often demonstrates weakness. (T/F)
False
Attitudes consist of the following three components: emotions, beliefs, and behaviors. (T/F)
False
Companies are applying job specialization when employees are made directly responsible for specific customers and having them communicate directly with those customers. (T/F)
False
Email is a very good medium for communicating emotions. (T/F)
False
Emotional dissonance occurs when we use our emotional intelligence on others but other people do not use their emotional intelligence on us. (T/F)
False
Generally, project life cycle stages are designed so that the amount of money spent in each of the stages is nearly equivalent.
False
In Expectancy Theory, the performance-to-outcome expectancy represents the anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual places on an outcome. (T/F)
False
In times of uncertainty, a company newsletter or similar formal communication activity can effectively replace the informal grapevine. (T/F)
False
Increasing resources and creating more precise rules for the allocation of those resources represent two ways to increase conflict. (T/F)
False
Information overload occurs when a person's information-processing capacity exceeds the jobs information load. (T/F)
False
Job specialization increases training costs and makes it more difficult for companies to match employee aptitudes to jobs for which they are best suited. (T/F)
False
Maintaining eye contact to show interest in someone's conversation is one of the few forms of nonverbal communication that transmits common meaning across all cultures. (T/F)
False
Media richness refers to the financial cost of using the medium relative to its frequency of use in the organization. (T/F)
False
Needs Hierarchy Theory explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution and exchange of resources.(T/F)
False
One advantage of competency-based rewards is that measuring employee competencies is mostly done through objective measurement methods. (T/F)
False
One of the main benefits of formal hierarchy as a coordinating mechanism is that it increases flexibility and responsiveness to customer needs. (T/F)
False
One of the most important characteristics of empowerment is that it is a personality trait. (T/F)
False
One of the rules of brainstorming is that no one is allowed to piggyback or build on the ideas of other team members. (T/F)
False
Organizational commitment refers to an employee's contractual obligation to provide a minimum amount of time and effort to the organization in return for a fair day's pay from the organization. (T/F)
False
Organizations tend to become less formalized as they age and grow in number of employees. (T/F)
False
Overreward inequity occurs whenever other people receive less money than you do. (T/F)
False
Path-goal leadership theory includes directive, supervisory, and integrity leadership styles. (T/F)
False
People are the most creative when management puts intense pressure on them to produce creative ideas. (T/F)
False
People perform better in most employment situations when they have a strong external locus of control. (T/F)
False
People with a high power distance give money a low priority in their lives. (T/F)
False
People with a high score on the neuroticism personality dimension tend to be more relaxed, secure and calm. (T/F)
False
Persuasion is the most common form of influence in high power distance cultures. (T/F)
False
Power is the act of changing another person's attitudes and behavior. (T/F)
False
Project selection scoring models are very useful in providing performance data that can be used to terminate a project.
False
Research suggests that feedback originating only from the supervisor provides more complete and accurate information than feedback received through a 360-degree process. (T/F)
False
Researchers have found that an organization's culture may be identified very easily and quickly by looking at one or two observable artifacts. (T/F)
False
Scope management includes the processes to manage timely completion of the project.
False
Selective attention occurs after incoming information is organized and interpreted. (T/F)
False
Self-leadership suggests that goals should be set by the employee's supervisor with or without the employee's involvement. (T/F)
False
Shared leadership roles are formally assigned by the team. (T/F)
False
Situational factors are working conditions within the employee's control. (T/F)
False
Strategic analysis is often called SWOT - Start With Objectives Template (SWOT).
False
Systematic evaluation of alternatives helps to increase the use of implicit favorites and satisficing in the decision process. (T/F)
False
Team members rarely conform to team norms unless other team members apply reinforcement or punishment. (T/F)
False
The bargaining zone model of negotiations describes the best physical zone in which negotiations should occur. (T/F)
False
The organization's leadership should establish the strategic objectives to set the stage for the strategic analysis.
False
The philosophy behind Scientific Management is to increase job enrichment and decreases job specialization. (T/F)
False
The problem with the concept of employee engagement is that it lacks theoretical foundation. (T/F)
False
The project management office (PMO) is typically the person or group that provides the financial resources and support for the project, and is accountable for enabling success.
False
The rational choice paradigm assumes that decision makers have limited information-processing capabilities and engage in a limited search for alternatives. (T/F)
False
The stronger your needs, the less motivated you are to fulfill them. (T/F)
False
The use of bureaucratic control in an organization typically enhances creativity and learning. (T or F)
False
To learn about their progress towards goal accomplishment, employees usually prefer feedback from supervisors and other people. (T/F)
False
Top-down change is more gradual and evolutionary than a bottom-up change. (T or F)
False
Traditional financial models are most useful when there are multiple projects and several criteria to consider.
False
When a client company decides to engage an external contractor to perform project work, it must be prepared to submit a proposal and prepare a bid.
False
When people empathize with others, it leads to a higher likelihood of the occurrence of attribution errors. (T/F)
False
corporate cults are preferred, because they help suppress subcultures within organizations. (T/F)
False
Which of the following is NOT a way that culture is created?
Founders poll early employees to determine the appropriate cultural values.
Example of company that follows divisional structure
GE- product Lowe's- location P&G- customer
A group of managers works very hard to be sure that they agree on important issues instead of working toward an accurate assessment of the situation. Which of the following best describes this scenario?
Groupthink
Functional strategy
Guides activities within one specific area of operations
The theory that distinguishes between needs related to the work itself from those related to the context of the work is:
Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory.
Which of the following is true of heuristics?
Heuristics lead to biases in judgment.
Weaknesses of safe desk
High production cost Highs startup cost Bulky design
_____ are more likely to engage in impression management, molding their image to fit the situation.
High self-monitors
Which of the following is correc
In negotiations, Brazilians are likely to use physical contact.
True
In order to develop a plan of action, you need a strategy.
downward communication
Information that flows from higher to lower levels in the organization's hierarchy
Continuous improvement
Involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance.
Which of the following is true about gender differences in leadership?
It is difficult to judge the truth about stereotypes of gender differences.
Which of the following statements accurately describes Vroom's expectancy theory?
It is one of the most widely accepted theories of motivation.
A manager redesigns the job of a subordinate so that the subordinate has more responsibility over his/her job. Which of the following best describes this process?
Job enrichment
_____ may be implemented by combining tasks, forming natural work units, establishing client relationships, expanding jobs vertically, and opening feedback channels.
Job enrichment
____ (or cross-training) is the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another.
Job rotation
Which type of firm is likely to use a territorial departmentalization structure?
Large service firm
____ research emphasizes style; whereas research on ____ focuses on tactics for gaining compliance.
Leadership; power
Which of the following is NOT an individual factor related to political behavior?
Level of trust
Which of the following types of financial ratios indicates the degree to which the organization uses debt or equity to finance its ongoing operations?
Leverage ratios
Which of the following types of financial ratios measures the ability of the organization to pay its short-term debts?
Liquidity ratios
Example of company that follows matrix structure
Lockheed Martin Facebook
BIC, makers of ballpoint pens and razors, concentrates on making its products cheaper than its rivals. Which of the following strategies is BIC pursuing?
Low-cost strategy
Potential advantages of network structures
Lower costs due to fewer full-time employees Better access to expertise through specialized alliance partners and contractors Easy to grow and shrink with market conditions
Stress at work my cause
Lower performance Reduced job satisfaction Personal problems Problems at home
Individuals who are high in the _____ dimension of personality manipulate more, win more, are persuaded less, and persuade others more.
Machiavellianism
Total quality management
Managing with organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement, product quality, and customer need is called
In which type of organizational design are employees correctly referred to as two-boss employees?
Matrix structure
_____ is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end, and relaxation, tranquility, and poise on the low end.
Negative affect
Close ties between the members of the group typically are formed during which stage of group development?
Norming
External control
Occurs through direct supervision or administrative systems. Accomplished by use of burecratic, clan, and market control systems.
Differentiation strategy
Offers products that are unique and different form those of the competition
According to your text, emotional intelligence includes:
Self Awareness Self regulation Motivation Empathy
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which of the following is the highest level of needs of workers?
Self-actualization
_____ is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Self-actualization
_____, one of the dimensions of emotional intelligence, is awareness of one's feelings.
Self-awareness
_____ teams go farther than problem-solving teams in getting employees involved in work-related decisions and processes.
Self-managed
organizational culture
Shared attitudes and perceptions in an organization.
What differentiates a team from a group?
Shared versus individual accountability
Crowdsourcing
Strategic use of the Internet to engage customers and potential customers in providing opinions and suggestions on products and their designs
Two divisions of a company decide to use the same manufacturing facilities to capitalize on the organization's excess capacity and to reduce the fixed costs assigned by corporate headquarters. This is an example of which of the following?
Synergy
_____ is an attribute of work teams which results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs.
Synergy
control systems
Systems that provide managers with information about how effective and efficient strategy and structure are working.
Controlling Step 4
Taking action to resolve problems and improve things in the future.
According to the text, the "foundation" of any control system is measuring performance and
Taking corrective action
Critical thinking
The ability to perceive situations, gather and interpret relevant information and make decisions
clan control
The norms, values, shared goals and trust amoung group members.
Equilibrium Price
The point at which consumer demand equals supply
Breakeven Point
The point at which revenue is sufficient to cover all costs.
Breakeven point
The point where revenues equals cost.=Fixed costs/ (price-variable costs).
Supply and Demand
The prices in a market economy are influenced by this.
Strategic management
The process of formulating and implementing strategies
Departmentalization
The process of grouping together people and jobs into work units
Controlling
The process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results
Controlling
The process of measuring performance and taking corrective action as needed
Strategic implementation
The process of putting strategies into action
perception
The process of receiving and interpreting information
Benchmarking
The process of using external comparisons as a means of determining how your company is doing
filtering
The process of withholding, ignoring, or distorting information
Input standard
The quality control manager at Athens, Inc. requires zero defects on all parts received from its suppliers. It's an example of
Divestiture
The retrenchment strategy that calls for selling off part of the organization is called
Socioeconomic
The view of corporate social responsibility is that corporate management should be concerned for the broader social welfare as well as corporate
According to LMX theory, which of the following is NOT true of those individual's who fall into the out-group?
They are trusted.
Which of the following is true about virtual teams?
They benefit companies that are spread out in a wide geographic area.
entrepreneurs
Those who first commercialize innovations.
According to your text, which is the most likely explanation for the higher absentee rate for women?
Traditionally, women have had the responsibility of caring for home and family.
Total quality management TQM
Tries to meet customers needs and do things right on time, the first time, and all the time.
A division is a collection of departments that work together within the organization to produce the product. (T or F)
True
A perspective that effective organizations incorporate several workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital is called high-performance work practices. (T/F)
True
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
True
A strong corporate culture bonds employees together and makes them feel part of the organization. (T/F)
True
ADR usually begins with a meeting between employee and employer. (T/F)
True
Abraham Maslow was the first to recognize that human thoughts play a role in motivation. (T/F)
True
According to ERG Theory, a person can regress down the hierarchy of needs when they fail to fulfill higher needs. (T/F)
True
According to some experts, the subtle forms of resistance create the greatest obstacles to change because they are not as visible. (T/F)
True
According to the textbook, charismatic leadership differs from transformational leadership. (T/F)
True
Action plans can include the strategies to attain the goals and schedules for the completion of different activities crucial to goal attainment. (T or F)
True
Adaptive cultures focus employees on the changing needs of customers and other stakeholders and support initiative and leadership to keep pace with these changes. (T/F)
True
All organizations have a collective sense of purpose, whether it's producing oil or creating the fastest Internet search engine. (T/F)
True
An important factor used to determine the phases in a project life cycle are the control needs of the organization(s) involved in the project.
True
Appreciative inquiry tries to break away from the approach to change advocated by action research. (T/F)
True
Aptitudes are natural talents that help individuals to learn specific tasks more quickly and perform them better than pother people. (T/F)
True
Communication and understanding interventions should be applied only after differentiation between the parties has been reduced. (T/F)
True
Contingencies, such as size, technology, and environment do not necessarily determine an organization's structure. (T/F)
True
Cost management processes are involved in planning, estimating, budgeting,m financing, funding, managing and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget.
True
Counterproductive work behaviors include threats and work avoidance. (T/F)
True
Customers may need to sacrifice expectations related to cost or schedule in order to realize their expectations for scope or quality.
True
Decentralization makes an organization flexible as the organization grows and becomes taller. (T or F)
True
Diverse teams have faultlines that may split the team into subgroups along gender, ethnic or other dimensions. (T/F)
True
Diversity among team members tends to undermine cohesion. (T/F)
True
Employees are more likely to quit their jobs and be absent from work if they are dissatisfied with their jobs. (T/F)
True
Employees tend to be less creative in organizations that punish failure. (T/F)
True
Homogenization and differentiation are two activities in the process of forming and maintaining our social identity. (T/F)
True
How we dress and the way we behave politely toward others represents a type of influence strategy. (T/F)
True
If an organization does not have the right capabilities, a project may be too difficult to complete successfully.
True
Intrapreneurs engage in entrepreneurship within an existing company. (T or F)
True
Intuition allows us to draw on our tacit knowledge to guide our decision preferences. (T/F)
True
Leadership competencies identify leadership potential, not leadership performance. (T/F)
True
Legitimate pwoer is an agreement between people that one person has the right to request specific behaviors from the other person. (T/F)
True
Management by walking around occurs whenever senior executives get out of their offices and communicate face-to-face with employees. (T/F)
True
Managers should arbitrate decisions when employees cannot resolve their differences alone. (T/F)
True
Mental models that give us a rich understanding of one's environment may cause us to screen out or ineffectively organize information in another environment. (T/F)
True
Mergers and acquisitions tend to increase conflict due to different values and beliefs. (T/F)
True
Organic structures are better suited dynamic environments than to stable environments. (T/F)
True
Organizational effectiveness depends on the organization's capacity to acquire, share, use and store valuable knowledge. (T/F)
True
Organizational politics can result in lower job satisfaction, and high levels of work-related stress. (T/F)
True
Organizational politics flourish when resource allocation decisions are ambiguous and complex with no formal rules. (T/F)
True
People with a high need for affiliation tend to be more effective in jobs that require them to mediate conflicts. (T/F)
True
Personality is a relatively stable pattern of behaviors and internal states that explains a person's behavioral tendencies. (T/F)
True
Planning involves identifying and selecting appropriate goals and courses of action for an organization. (T or F)
True
Portfolio management aligns with organizational strategies by selecting the right projects, prioritizing work, and providing needed resources.
True
Stress is an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to the person's wellbeing. (T/F)
True
The nominal group technique tends to produce more and better ideas than do traditional interacting groups. (T/F)
True
The organization's leadership should establish guiding principles such as the vision and mission for an organization before developing strategic objectives.
True
The primacy effect occurs because we have a strong need to quickly make sense of other people. (T/F)
True
The project manager is normally directly accountable for the project results, schedule and budget.
True
Trust is a reciprocal activity; to receive trust from employees. (T/F)
True
Feedback control
Try to correct problems after they have occured and inform the system so that similar mistakes can be avoided in the future.
Concurrent control
Try to solve problems as they occur, by monitoring and correcting problems during the work process.
Feedforward control
Try to solve problems before they occur, by making sure the production systems have high-quality inputs.
Historical comparisons
Use past experience as a basis for evaluating current performance.
Social media strategy
Uses social media to better engage with an organization's customer's clients, and external audiences in general
The leader-participation model was developed by _____.
Vroom and Yetton
MBO - management by objectives
a collaborative goal setting process through which organizational goals cascade down throughout the organization
The set of behaviors and tasks that a member of the group is expected to perform because he/she is a member of the group is known as:
a group role.
aggreeableness
a person's ability to get along with others
attitudes
a persons complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas situations or other people
effort to performance expectancy
a persons perception of the probability that effort will lead to performance
linking role
a position for a person or group that serves to coordinate the activities of two or more organizational groups
decision rule
a statement that tells a decision maker which alternative to choose based on the charcteristics of the decision situation
centralization
a structural policy in which decision making authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy
When managers use a set of predetermined questions for all the applicants for a specific job, this is known as:
a structured interview.
According to the text, the best approach for obtaining knowledge about human behavior is_____.
a systematic approach
rational decision making approach
a systematic step by step process for making decisions
conflict model
a very personal approach to decision making because it deals with the personal conflicts that people experience in particularly difficult decision situations
When you buy music downloads online, the firm selling them to you is engaging in which type of e-business strategy? a) B2C b) B2B c) infomediary d) crowdsourcing
a) B2C
The functional chimneys problem occurs when people in different functions _______________. a) fail to communicate with one another b) try to help each other work with customers c) spend too much time coordinating decisions d) focus on products rather than functions
a) fail to communicate with one another
60. How should "goodbye" be handled when guests depart the establishment?
a. A sincere "thank you" with eye contact and a handshake can set an establishment apart from the competition
132. The manager has determined that employee romances are creating tension at the workplace. A policy has been developed that employee friendships and relationships that interfere with operations in a manner that is observed by management are grounds for progressive discipline. Relationships between all employees are to be characterized by professional, courteous exchanges that serve the purpose of useful, necessary communication on behalf of the operation mission. What is the purpose of this policy?
a. Action plan based on defining a problem and selection of best solution
198. Are unemployment compensation benefits a program that is consistent from state to state?
a. Although there are similarities, there are also differences
80. What is a reason that the employee should be involved in the goal setting process during performance discussions?
a. Can be a motivation tool to development leadership skills
75. The manager has spotted yet another server touching the part of the glass that the guest's mouth will touch when serving a beverage. In addition, the gentleman is being served before the lady and from his left side, not his right. Exasperated, the manager whistles across the dining room. Stop right now Kenneth! That is the last time you will make those mistakes here! What rule of coaching has the manager violated?
a. Corrected publicly and in an embarrassing fashion
196. What is the purpose for which employees would need to verify their emergency contact or address information upon termination?
a. Employers will be required to send copies of W-2 tax forms
6 In order to create a conflict-positive organization, there are many interrelated steps to follow. They include which of the following?
a. Empower employees to feel confident and skillful.
167. The economical manager has servers come into work an two to three hours prior to the arrival of the first guest and stay two or more hours past the departure of the last guest in order to perform cleaning and preparation chores. Servers are paid $2.13 per hour as they are tipped employees. When the tips during service do not add up to enough to average to minimum wage for the hours on property, the manager tells them it is up to them to improve their standard of service. What law is the manager in danger of violating?
a. Fair Labor Standards Acts (FLSA)
117. What is the key difference between a floater and an employee who has been cross-trained?
a. Floaters do different tasks on a daily basis whereas cross-trained employees do so only as need arises
120. What would be the reason for not contacting a manager on their day off when an operational problem arises?
a. Interrupts their personal time and leads to frustration and burnout
57. What is the technology advancement, which has updated the bulletin board that is now being used by some establishments?
a. Intranet
193. What are the objectives of an exit interview?
a. Powerful tool that provides insight into the operation's organizational culture
147. Why is it of critical importance for the meeting planner to identify the business objectives to be accomplished at the meeting?
a. They will drive the rest of the planning process beginning with the type of meeting needed to accomplish them
131. Two employees have ended a romantic relationship and are having difficulty working together. The manager has decided to fire the employee deemed least valuable, believing this action would serve as an example to others to leave their personal life at home. Which step of the problem-solving model may the manager have neglected to fully review?
a. Three: Determine and analyze solution alternatives
83. Having members of the server staff meet, as a team to select the new server uniform will take longer than if the manager simply made a choice. There also may be disagreements and personality conflicts. How could the manager facilitate the process to minimize these pitfalls?
a. Train in how to conduct meetings and stay focused on goals
154. How important is it that a meeting starts and ends on time?
a. Very. It shows respect for the employees time and responsibilities beyond meeting attendance
59. How should regular customers be greeted?
a. Warmly, and by name. They are the lifeblood of the business
55. Are there methods that managers can use to process telephone messages?
a. Yes, guest quality concerns, financial; community officials such as; health department and top management typically are highest priority
62. Does it really matter if entry-level employees are motivated as long as they do their jobs?
a. Yes. Employees who are not motivated are less likely to meet service standards
188. The old style boss feels employees are lucky to have a job. If they are uncertain, it is their responsibility to get up to speed. Is there anything that could be improved regarding this philosophy?
a. Yes. Managers have the responsibility to help employees improve by assisting them.
what kind of role is recommended for managers to play in community organizations such as chambers of commerce or convention and visitors bureaus?
active-join and participate in positive fashion, building relationships to benefit the restaurant and community
In a CPM/PERT analysis, the focus is on ____________ and the event ____________ that link them together with the finished project. a) goals; costs b) costs; budgets c) activities; sequences d) timetables; budgets
activities; sequences
contingency approach
an approach to organization design in which the desired outcomes for the organization can be achieved in several ways
internal and external information is collected in the planning process. what must be done with that data?
analyze what impact it may have on the operation
behavioral approach
approach to leadership that tries to identify behaviors that differentiate effective leaders from nonleaders uses rules of thumb suboptimizing and satisficing in making decisions
behaviorial approach to decision making
assumes decision makers act with bounded rationality rather than with perfect rationality
General Electric is a complex conglomerate that owns many firms operating in very different industries. The strategies pursued for each of these units within GE would best be called ________-level strategies. a) corporate b) business c) functional d) transnational
b) business
Management by exception means ___________. a) managing only when necessary b) focusing attention where the need for action is greatest c) the same thing as concurrent control d) the same thing as just-in-time delivery
b) focusing attention where the need for action is greatest
The "two boss" system of reporting relationships is both a potential source of problems and one of the key aspects of __________ structures. a) functional b) matrix c) network d) product
b) matrix
A "tall" organization will likely have _________ spans of control than a "flat" organization with the same number of members. a) wider b) narrower c) more ambiguous d) less centralized
b) narrower
If a organization's top management establishes a target of increasing new hires of minority and female candidates by 15% in the next six months, this is an example of a/an ___________ standard for control purposes. a) input b) output c) management by exception d) concurrent
b) output
The 2 questions asked by Porter to identify the correct competitive strategy for a business of product line are: What is the market scope? and What is the _________? a) market share b) source of competitive advantage c) core competency d) industry attractiveness
b) source of competitive advantage
Which is an example of a cooperative strategy? a) retrenchment b) strategic alliance c) bankruptcy d) vertical integration
b) strategic alliance
5 A process of self-motivation and evaluations by a manager, peers, and possibly customers is known as?
b. 360 degree feedback
________ is a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures.
b. Groupthink
________ results from inaccurate definition of the expected job performance.
b. Invalidity
The characteristics which appropriately impact the design of an organization's design processes are known as:
b. contextual variables.
The most simplistic name for two or more people having common interests or objectives is a ________.
b. group
employee centered leader behavior
behavior that involves attempting to build effective work groups with high performance goals
consideration behavior
behavior that involves being concerned with subordinates feelings and respecting subordinates ideas
initiating structure behavior
behavior that involves clearly defining the leader subordinate roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them
job centered leader behavior
behavior that involves paying close attention to the work of subordinates explaining work procedures and demonstrating a strong interest in performance
144. What type of meeting is held to develop ideas or creative solutions rather than to make a decision?
brainstorming
When a supervisor working alongside of an employee corrects him/her when a mistake is made, this is an example of ________ control. a) feedforward b) external c) concurrent d) preliminary
c) concurrent
An organization that is downsizing by cutting staff to reduce costs can be described as pursuing a ___________ strategy. a) liquidation b) divestiture c) retrenchment d) stability
c) retrenchment
The mechanics approach to job design emphasizes:
c. a lower chance of mental overload.
In studying motivational theories, we are learning that:
c. achievement is more of a motivator for Americans than for other nationalities.
Another name for the organization's hierarchy of authority is the:
chain of command.
If attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, individuals will most likely _____
change either their attitudes or behavior
Changes in corporate strategy precede and lead to _____.
changes in an organization's structure
When one team member advises another team member that "your behavior is crossing the line in terms of our expectations for workplace civility," she is exercising a form of _____ control over the other's inappropriate behaviors.
clan
Max Webber -
classical organization theory was concerned with structuring organizations effectively
70. In an employee development plan, an employee may need to spend personal time away from work to complete some learning activity. What will this require of the employee?
commitment
When a supervisor working alongside of an employee corrects him or her when a mistake is made, this is an example of _______ control
concurrent
170. John the manager has a problem. He has been in the custom of leaving employee paychecks in a folder on his desk and letting them rifle through it and find their loose check to expedite distribution. This method has allowed all checks to be viewed and now disgruntlement over pay disparity is creating resentment and anger. What compensation policies could have prevented this dilemma?
confidentiality of information
According to _____ theory, managers should choose a structure that fits the circumstances affecting their organization the most.
contingency
incremental innovation
continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of radical and systems innovations
unconflicted adherence
continuing with current activities if doing so does not entail serious risks
175. What is the term used for a pay increase that is related to the index developed by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics that reflects changes in the costs of items such as food, housing, and transportation to the average consumer?
cost of living
oganizational climate
current situations in an organization and the linkages among work groups employees and work performance
A good performance objective is written in such a way that it ________________. a) has a flexible schedule b) is general and not to specific c) is impossible to accomplish d) can be easily measured
d) can be easily measured
When an automobile manufacturer is careful to purchase only the highest-quality components for use in production, this is an example of an attempt to ensure high performance though __________ control. a) concurrent b) statistical c) inventory d) feedforward
d) feedforward
Janis Mann process
decision process that makes 5 assumptions - deals only with important life decisions
extinction
decreases the frequency of behavior by eliminating a reward or desirable consequence that follows that behavior
theory X
described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a negative and pessimistic view of workers
French and Raven
developed - legitimate power - reward power - coercive power -expert power and referent power
Path goal theory of leadership
developed by Martin Evans and Robert House
Fred Fiedler
developed the contingency theory - considers the personality of the leader and the complexities of the situation
The most immediate and potent form of behavior control is:
direct supervision.
A _____ leadership style, identified by House in path-goal theory, leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are ambiguous or stressful than when they are highly structured and well laid out.
directive
Nonverbal communication has the main purpose of
expressing the communicator's emotions behind the message
public relations such as sponsorship of a little league sports team or a table at a charitable event are examples communication tools aimed at what group?
external
When an automobile manufacturer is careful to purchase only the highest-quality components for use in production
feedforward
When an automobile manufacturer is careful to purchase only the highest-quality components for use in production, this is an example of an attempt to ensure high performance through ____________ control. a) feedforward b) concurrent c) statistical d) inventory
feedforward
89. What stage is a team that expresses excitement, optimism, behaves in a friendly, agreeable fashion and responds well to a directing leadership style in?
forming
The _____ stage in group development which is characterized by uncertainty.
forming
The members of a particular group are getting to know one another and attempting to reach an understanding of how each of them should act within the group. This stage of group development is known as:
forming.
103. What are monies paid indirectly in support of employees for purposes such as vacation, holiday pay, sick leave and health insurance?
fringe benefits
85. The group of cooks who come in and make bread, desserts, prep salad dressings, sauces, prepare produce to par stock levels for stations, other food prep activities are members of what kind of team?
functional
The degree to which the members of a group are attracted to membership in the group is known as:
group cohesiveness.
Shared guidelines or rules of behavior that most group members follow are called:
group norms.
Reinforcement theory
has operant conditioning at its foundation
heterogeneous group
if members of the group differ along one or more dimensions
work teams
include all the people working in an area are relatively permanent and do the daily work making decisions regarding how the work of the team is done
individual processes
include individual differences -attitudes personalities perception attribution, employee motivation learning reinforcement and work stress
143. What types of meetings share communication such as project reports and updates or are used for orientation or training?
information
97. Which effective team goal is it when teams get updates on progress, learn about tools to support tasks, and communicate with other employees and teams?
information
The office grapevine is an example of
information communication
When a soccer coach tells her players at the end of a losing game, "You did good in staying with the game plan," she is using a/an ____________ as a measure of performance. a) historical comparison b) input standard c) relative comparison d) output standard
input standard
When a soccer coach tells her players at the end of a losing game, "you did good in staying with the game plan"
input standard
The 4I framework of a learning organization consists of intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and
institutionalization
When managers attempt to fill open positions with workers who are already working for the organization in some other capacity, they are engaging in:
internal recruiting.
technical learning
is based on conscious learning where a consciously learning method has been chosen
Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?
language proficiency
what is the primary difference in focus of a leader versus a manager?
leader focuses on "what" and "why" and manager focuses on "how"
All of the following should be involved in a business plan except: - an executive summary - the business fundamentals - careful organization - ease in reading - long and detailed analysis to cover al potential questions
long and detailed analysis to cover al potential questions
In _____ cultures, the words themselves are the primary conveyors of meaning.
low-context
106. What considers the expected number of customers and spreads out the number of hours allowed by the budget between different positions in the operation?
master schedule
balanced scorecard
measures performance on financial, customer service, internal process, and innovation and learning goals
output standard
measures performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time
A ______ is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee.
mentor
171. What are programs that offer incentives for employees to improve and increase productivity relating to a fundamental ethic that workers should be paid on the basis of skills?
merit pay plans
In the transmission phase of the communication process, the information that is to be communicated is known as the:
message.
A broad declaration of the organization's overriding purpose, intended to identify the organization's products and customer base, as well as to differentiate the organization from its competitors is known as a:
mission statement.
overdetermination
occurs because numerous organizational systems are in place to ensure that employees and systems behave as expected to maintain stability
external control
occurs through direct supervision or administrative systems
superleadership
occurs when a leader gradually and purposefully turns over power responsibility and control to a sel managing work group
social learning
occurs when people observe the behaviors of others recognize their consequences and alter their own behavior as a result
accomomodation among groups
occurs when the groups goals are compatible but interactions are not considered important to goal attainment
An employee learns how to do her job by working closely with her team leader, observing and learning how the process functions. This is known as:
on-the-job training.
scientific management
one of the first approaches to management focused on the efficiency of individual workers and assumed that employees ar emotivated by money
projects
one-time activities with many component tasks that must be completed in proper order and according to budget
what is the financial plan that estimates the revenue to be generated, expenses incurred, and profit, if any, for a specified time period referred to as?
operating budget
137. Which classification of event has occurred when it has been an unusually slow dinner shift and the manager decides to close an hour early, only to have a party of ten arrive as the last employee is driving away from the parking lot?
operating information
when conducting a SWOT analysis, questions such as: what trends could boost demand for our services and products over the next several years? how might technologies help us and what changes could occur that might benefit our operation? are examples of questions that aim to identify which SWOT focus?
opportunities
If an organization's top management establishes a target of increasing new hires of minority and female candidates by 15% in the next six months, this is an example of a/an ____________ standard for control purposes. a) market b) input c) output d) clan
output
176. What is the term that refers to; using an outside provider to do work that could otherwise be done by an employee?
outsource
179. The popular concept Grilled Cheese Food Truck has grown from a single vehicle to a fleet of 25. The manager is having a hard time keeping up with Human Resource records. What is a common solution to this problem?
outsource
Alkyl Ltd., one of the leading shoe manufacturers, enters into a contract with Blinx-a foreign manufacturer-to only manufacture its shoes. In this scenario, Alkyl Ltd. is following the _____ strategy.
outsourcing
When managers hire contract employees who are not regular employees of their organization to produce goods and services, it is known as:
outsourcing.
task versus relationship motivation
parallels job centered and initiating structure leader behavior
189. What are some strategies used by managers to fill scheduling gaps caused by terminations?
part-timers, on-call and creative scheduling
The arrangement of jobs into categories reflecting their relative importance to the organization and its goals, level of skills required, and other characteristics is called:
pay structure.
type a individuals
people who are extremely competitive highly committed to work and have a strong sense of time urgency
short term orientation
people with focus on the past or present
To create a learning organization, managers should empower employees and allow them to experiment, create, and explore what they want through developing a sense of:
personal mastery.
John Holland argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where _____.
personality and occupation are in agreement
process based perspectives on motivaiton
perspectives that focus on how people behave in thier efforts to satisfy thier needs
phases of implementation
phase 1 startup - reality and unrest - leader centered teams - tightly formed teams - self managing teams
A "no smoking" rule and a sexual harassment policy are examples of _____ that are types of ______ in organizations.
policies; standing-use plans
A general guide to action for the managers of an organization is known as a:
policy.
186. What is a specific time period during which an employee must consistently meet job standards or other reasonable conditions imposed by their manager as a condition of continued employment?
probation
The internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II is an example of _____.
profiling
Decisions that have been made many times in the past and for which managers have rules and guidelines about how to make similar decisions in the future are known as:
programmed decisions
184. What is a policy or procedure that has as objectives; to reduce the number of situations that result in terminations and ensure employee is given specific evidence of unacceptable performance, guidelines for improvement and assistance as required?
progressive discipline
The component of an HRM system that focuses on attempting to attract and hire employees who have the abilities and experiences to help the organization to achieve its goals is known as:
recruitment and selection.
64. Which of Maslow's Hierarchy is being challenged when an employer keeps employees waiting (on a Friday) for paychecks, distributing them after the banks have closed, sometimes short or in error?
safety
104. What is a fixed amount of money for a certain time period that does not vary, regardless of the number of hours worked?
salary
A manager considers a limited sample of the potential alternative solutions for a problem and selects one that is acceptable instead of attempting to select the optimum solution. This type of decision is called:
satisficing.
schedules of reinforcement
schedules that indicate when or how often managers should reinforce certain behaviors
The process by which managers determine the relative qualifications of job applicants for an open position is known as:
selection.
Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in _____.
selective perception
88. A seasonal restaurant needs to train staff for summer busy time. The training managers have been deemed ready to take on the additional responsibility. What kind of team are the training managers?
self-directed
Manager's can increase an employee's _____ through enactive mastery, vicarious modeling, verbal persuasion, and arousal.
self-efficacy
Teams that are empowered to take responsibility for acting autonomously in order to complete identifiable pieces of work are referred to as:
self-managed work teams.
In the transmission phase of communication, the person who wishes to share information with someone else is known as the:
sender.
The extent to which a job requires the worker to use a wide range of knowledge and abilities is known as:
skill variety.
interpersonal skills
skills used to communicate with understand and motivate individuals and groups
conceptual skills
skills used to think in the abstract
diagnostic skills
skills used to understand cause and effect relationships and to recognize the optimal solutions to problems
quality circles
small groups of employees from the same work area who meet regularly to discuss and recommend solutions to problems
The manager of the human resources department of a company is a(n) _____ manager.
staff
A written set of instructions which describes the series of actions that a manager should take in a specific situation is known as a:
standing operating procedure.
A(n) _____ is a formal agreement that commits two or more companies to exchange or share their resources in order to produce and market a product.
strategic alliance
The idea that one level of learning affects other levels is part of the _____ principle of creating a learning organization.
systems thinking
153. When an agenda item is held over for another meeting, what determination has been made for that issue?
tabled
The degree to which a manager feels that his/her job is "meaningful" because of the way in which the job affects other people is known as:
task significance.
nominal group technique
technique in which group members follow a generate discussion vote cycle until they reach an appropriate decision
Writers, attorneys, analysts, and employees who spend the majority of their time on computers or on the telephone are natural candidates for _____.
telecommuting
problem solving teams
temporary teams established to attack specific problems in the workpplace
influence
the ability to affect the perceptions attitudes or behaviors of others
creativity
the ability to generate new ideas or to conceive of new perspectives on existing ideas
valuing diversity
the act of putting an end to the assumption that everyone who is not a member of the dominant group must assimilate
cognitive dissonance
the anxiety a person experiences when he or she simultaneously possesses two sets of knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent
strategic values
the basic beliefs about an organizations environment that shape its strategy
human relations movement
the beginning of organizational behavior was based on the assumption that employee satisfaction is a key determinant of performance
authoritariansism
the belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations
According to your text, modern management thought would suggest that:
the best answer to what work is that it "depends on the situation
valence
the degree of attractiveness or unattractiveness a particular outcome has for a person
communication fidelity
the degree of correspondence between the message intended by the source and themessage understood by the receiver
group composition
the degree of similarity or difference among group members on factors important to the groups work
risk propenjsity
the degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions
Assertiveness is _____.
the degree to which one party attempts to satisfy his/her own concerns
formalization
the degree to which rules and procedures shape the jobs and activities of employees
environmental dynamism
the degree tow hich environmental components that impinge on organizational decision making change
need for achievement
the desire to accomplish a task or goal more effectively than in the past
goal acceptance
the extent t which a person accepts a goal as his or her own
self esteem
the extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
job satisfaction
the extent to which aperson is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work
Leon Festinger would propose that the desire to reduce dissonance would be determined by all of the following EXCEPT _____.
the extent to which attitudes are widely held by society.
power distance
the extent to which less powerful persons accept the unequal distribution of power
self efficacy
the extent to which people believe they can accomplish their goals even if they failed to do so in the past
verification
the final stage of the creative process in which the truthfulness of the insight is determined
verification
the final stage of the creative process in which the validity or turthfulness of the insight is determined
bounded rationality
the idea that decision makers cannot deal with information about all the aspects and alternatives pertaining to a problem and therefore choose to tackle some meaningful subset of it
entrepreneurship
the imagination, innovative thinking, and management skills needed to start and operate a business
source
the individual group or organization interested in communicating something to another party
environmental complexity
the number of invironmental components that impinge on organizational decision making
avoidance -negative reinforcement
the opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior
encoding
the process by which the message is translated from an idea or thought into transmittable symbols
stereotyping
the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute
innovation
the process of creating and doing new things that are introduced into the marketplace as products and services or processes
organizing
the process of designing jobs grupong jobs into manageable units and establishing patterns of authority amoung jobs and groups
participation
the process of giving employees a voice in making decisions about thier own work
rightsizing
the process of optimizing the size of an organizations workforce through downsizing expanding and or outsourcing
organizational development
the process of planned change and improvement of the organization through application of knowledge of the behavioral sciences
organizational socialization
the process through which emploees learn about the firm's culture and pass thier knowledge and understanding on to others
socialization
the process through which individuals become social beings
assimilation
the process through which memb ers of a minority group are forced to learn the ways of the dominant group
transformational leadership
the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change to create a vision to guide that change and to execute that change effectively
organization culture
the set of values that helps the organizations employees understand which actions are considered acceptable and which unacceptable
mutual acceptance group
the stage of group development that is characterized by members sharing information about themselves and getting to know each other
control and organization
the stage of group development when the group is mature members work together and are flexible adaptive and self correcting
communication and decision making
the stage of group development where members discuss their feelings more openly and agree on group goals and individual roles in the group
incubaiton
the stage of less intense conscious concentration during which a creative person lets the knowledge and ideas acquired during preparation mature and develop
organization behavior
the study of human behavior in organizational settings of the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself
inducements
the tangible and intangible rewards provided by organizations to individuals
LPC theory of leadership
theory that suggests that a leaders effectiveness depends on the situation
Path goal theory of leadership
theory that suggests that effective leaders clarify the paths - behaviors- that will lead to desired rewards - goals
138. Are armed robberies preventable emergencies?
they are not preventable but can be deterred
PRAM model
this model guides the negotiater through the four steps of planning for agreement building relationships reaching agreements and maintaining relationships
professional bureaucracy
this structure is characterized by horizontal specialization by professional area of expertise little formalization and decentralized decision making
machine bureaucracy
this structure is typical of large well established organizations work is highly specialized and formalized and decision making is usually concentrated at the top
adhocracy
this structure is typically found in young organizations in highly technical fields within it decision making is spread throughout the organization power resides with the experts horizontal and vertical specialization exists and there is little formalization
when conducting a SWOT analysis, questions such as: what obstacles are we facing? do we have cash flow problems, what changes could occur that might hurt out establishment? are examples of questions that im to identify which SWOT focus?
threats
Flextime, job sharing, and part-time work are examples of _____ for managing work-life conflicts.
time-based strategies
112. What are procedures and guidelines employees should follow when they want time off from work?
time-off request policy
The component of an HRM system that focuses on helping employees to build the skills and abilities that will enable them to perform their jobs successfully is:
training and development.
Leaders who motivate subordinates primarily by rewarding and reprimanding them are called _____ leaders.
transactional
Leadership that makes subordinates aware of their jobs' importance to the organization is called:
transformational leadership.
what sorts of problems are avoided by writing goals that are SMART?
unrealistic, unclear, not measurable or not related to the mission or vision
task groups
usually are established to solve a particular organizational problem
123. If the following tasks presented themselves, which would an excellent manager prioritize over the others? Valentine's day reservations need to be reconciled with dining room organized and servers assigned, summer marketing plan devised, telephone call returned from upset guest, and invoice from purveyor paid.
valentines
The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called the _____ of the test.
validity
when the customer believes that the price that they paid was a fair relationship for the product or services received, what concept is that known as?
value
Piece-rate plans, merit based pay, bonuses, profit sharing, gainsharing, and employee stock ownership plans are all forms of _____ programs.
variable-pay
For a salesperson who is paid commission, reinforcement occurs on a _____ schedule.
variable-ratio
119. What is the name of the difference between the budgeted expense and the actual expense if the budget goal is not met?
variance
variable interval reinforcement
varies the amount of time between reinforcements
ISO certification
verifies an organization meets international quality standards
The ____ is also called the network or modular organization.
virtual organization
what is the description of what an establishment wants to become and why it exists referred to?
vision statment
190. Tomas had been working for a corporate property as a line cook. A former chef at his property was transferred to a city several hours away and has requested him to apply for the kitchen manager position involving a significant raise. If Tomas accepts the position and leaves his current job, what would this be called?
voluntary termination
107. One of the primary purposes of a Master schedule is to help ensure that the correct number of waged employees are available so that customers will receive prompt, efficient service and properly prepared food. What is the other reason for this plan?
waged labor expenses so that udget goals can be met
181. When the dishwasher at the Diner quit, the manager figured that the entry level, low skill employee could be replaced with the first applicant that walked through the door. What syndrome refers to the idea that any employee is better than none, so a fast selection is made?
warm-body
when conducting a SWOT analysis, questions such as: what does our operation do poorly? what should we aboid? and, where are we wasting money? are examples of questions that aim to identify which SWOT focus?
weaknesses
Robert Blake and Jane srygley Mouton
who developed the Leadership grid
Max Weber
who developed the structuring the organization effectively
According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,
wisdom, street smarts, and common sense are important factors of intelligence
dysfunctional behaviors
work related behaviors that detract from organizational performance
98. Which effective team goal is it when team members develop plans an procedures, understand tasks and each members responsibilities, identify business needs, processes and resources?
work-related
elena is a new manager for the wine and cheese bar. she sends out daily email newsletters to employees with product information, updates about competition, historical notes regarding the locale, folksy wine lore and humor. within the newsletter are timely messages regarding menu and policy issues. could elena improve her newsletter?
yes, timely issues should be communicated separately not buried within things that many readers may skip as irrelevant to their daily jobs
Which of the following specifically refers to a performance appraisal by peers, subordinates, supervisors, and sometimes even clients?
360-degree appraisal
Which of the following roles is typically associated with the project manager? a.the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives b.the person with management authority over a unit within a functional organization c.the person responsible for project methods, standards and training d.the person responsible for providing the financial resources and support for the project and is accountable for enabling success.
A
Which of the following statements best describes the contemporary use of financial models and scoring models for project selection? a. These methods are often used together to ensure financial and non-financial factors are both considered. b. Financial methods are preferred because they ensure alignment with the organization's strategic goals. c. Scoring models are unreliable because they fail to consider financial factors. d. One of these techniques is typically used to the exclusion of the other, due to time demands.
A
Which of the following statements correctly describes project management? a.Project management applies knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities. b.Project management should not involve tradeoffs between scope, schedule and cost. c.Project management only relies upon checklists to plan and execute the work. d.Project management's goal is to maintain efficiency of ongoing operations.
A
Strategy
A comprehensive plan guiding resource allocation to achieve long-term organization goals
bureaucratic control
A comprehensive system of rules and standard operating procedures.
Uncertain environment
A decision making environment in which you lack complete information and it is difficult if not impossible to assign probabilities to the outcomes
Amoral
A manager that fails to consider ethics
What is an organigraph?
A map that gives an overview of a company's functions and the way people organize themselves at work
Internal locus control
A person who believes that, for the most part, he or she is responsible for what happens has
Which of the following is an accurate description of Emotional Intelligence (EI)?
A person's EI predicts performance better than IQ.
Job Burnout
A physical and mental exhaustion from work stress
Which of the following best describes brainstorming?
A process for generating ideas.
Employees tend to join a virtual or conventional team with:
A. A moderate or high level of trust in their new team mebers
In organizational conflict, scarce resources are typically identified as:
A. A source of conflict
Which of the following competencies is NOT a characteristic of effective leaders
A. Effective leaders have a high need for personalized power
Which of the following is the LEAST forceful influence tactic?
A. Ingratiation
___ represents the forces within a person that affect the direct, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior.
A. Motivation
Which of these communication channels has the lowest media richness?
A. Newsletter
____ is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations.
A. OB
Team success, team size, and member similarity are three:
A. Of the main factors influencing team cohesiveness
The open systems anchor of organizational behavior states that:
A. Organization affect and are affected by their external environments
Buffering, summarizing and omitting are ways to:
A. Reduce information overload
Which of the following is an example of punishment?
A. The organization takes away some of your paycheck to cover the cost of a machine that you carelessly broke
Which of these forces pushes organizations toward a new state of affairs?
B. Driving forces
Reflecting and experimenting are components of:
B. Experiential learning
Attribution theory is a major component of which of these leadership perspectives?
B. Implicit leadership theory
Calculus-based trust:
B. Is the minimum level of trust to hold a relationship together
Which of the following is NOT a core job characteristic in the job characteristics model?
D. Experienced meaningfulness
THE ORGANIZATIONAL GRAPEVINE:
D. Helps employees to make sense of their workplace when the information is not available through formal channels
When should decision makers bypass the search for alternative solutions and development of new solutions?
D. In most programmed decision-making situations
An organization's structure is mainly its organizational chart. (T/F)
False
Companies with strong corporate cultures invariably have much higher performance than companies with weak cultures. (T/F)
False
Distributive justice increases directly with the extent that the decision allows voice, can be appealed, and has an unbiased decision maker. (T/F)
False
During the role management stage of organizational socialization, employees are newcomers who test their pre-employment expectations with the received realities. (T/F)
False
During times of uncertainty, a company newsletter or similar formal communication activity can effectively replace the informal grapevine. (T/F)
False
Employees are losing their expert power as society moves from an industrial to a knowledge-based economy. (T/F)
False
Employees tend to have higher organizational commitment when their personal values differ from the company's values. (T/F)
False
Escalation of commitment occurs when employees increase their support for a decision because most of their colleagues also support that decision. (T/F)
False
Espoused values represent the values that you and your spouse have in common. (T/F)
False
Eustress refers to the short-term causes of stress, whereas distress refers to long-term causes. (T/F)
False
Even though you should be visiting clients most of the time, you make a point of stopping by the office each day so your boss sees that you are working. This increases your power by increasing your centrality. (T/F)
False
Flaming refers to the capacity of an organization to transmit information more quickly through computer networks than through traditional paper media. (T/F)
False
Goal setting is more effective when employees can easily complete the goals assigned to them. (T/F)
False
Informal communication as a coordinating mechanism is ineffective in non-routine situations. (T/F)
False
People are consciously aware of most emotions they experience. (T/F)
False
People are creative because they work in creative environments, not because of any differences in their ability of personality. (T/F)
False
People with high power distance expect relatively equal power sharing. (T/F)
False
_______ conflicts are almost always dysfunctional.
Relationship
The urgency for change must always be initiated from a problem-oriented perspective in order to be effective. (T/F)
False
Which of the following ideas are associated with Fiedler's contingency theory?
Leaders are classified using an assessment tool called Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale.
Decision makers have a need to reduce uncertainty, so they tend to focus on solutions before fully understanding the problem. (T/F)
True
Different project life cycle models are used for different types of projects.
True
Displaying one's diplomas and degrees on office walls is one way professionals increase their visibility. (T/F)
True
Effective leaders are good at perceiving and expressing emotions, as well as regulating emotions in themselves and others. (T/F)
True
Emotional contagion fulfills our drive to bond with others. (T/F)
True
Employees who experience job dissatisfaction or work-related stress are more likely to be absent or late for work. (T/F)
True
Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute the behavior of other people to internal factors more than external factors. (T/F)
True
Given that OB experts have been accumulating a distinct knowledge about behavior within organizations, OB is referred to as a field of study. (T/F)
True
Globalization refers to economic, social, and cultural connectivity with people in other parts of the world. (T/F)
True
Goal setting tends to be more effective when the goals are specific rather than general. (T/F)
True
Good communication helps in increasing efficiency, improving quality, and increasing the responsiveness to customers. (T or F)
True
Groups often take longer than individuals to make decisions. (T or F)
True
Impression management is a common strategy for people trying to get ahead in the workplace. (T/F)
True
One dilemma in workspace design is the requirement to balance the need to encourage social interaction with the employees' need for privacy. (T/F)
True
One of the reasons people use satisficing when making decisions rather than maximization is that it takes more information processing capacity than people possess or are willing to use to choose the best alternative. (T/F)
True
Strategic analysis is an important first step in setting strategic direction.
True
Strategic analysis is often called SWOT - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT).
True
Strategic objectives describe both long and short term results that are desired, along with measures to determine their achievement.
True
Studies have found that people with power over others have more difficulty empathizing. (T/F)
True
Supervisors who use ingratiation and impression management tactics tend to lose the respect of their staff. (T/F)
True
Tacit knowledge is mainly learned through observation and experience. (T/F)
True
The "chain of command" of an organization is the hierarchy of authority for that organization. (T or F)
True
The 'Big Five' personality dimensions represent five clusters that represent most personality traits. (T/F)
True
The concept of motivation is concerned with the direction of the worker's behavior, the amount of effort of the worker, and the level of persistence of the worker. (T or F)
True
The degree of formality used in selecting projects varies widely across organizations.
True
The forces within a person affect the employee's motivation. (T/F)
True
The goal of EEO is to ensure that all citizens have an equal opportunity to obtain employment regardless of their gender, race, country of origin, religion, age, or disabilities. (T or F)
True
The higher the level of employee involvement, the more influence people have over the decision process. (T/F)
True
The implicit leadership perspective explains how perceptual processes cause people to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organizational events. (T/F)
True
The inventory turnover ratio is an example of the activity ratio of an organization. (T or F)
True
The job characteristics model explains how managers can make jobs more interesting and motivating. (T or F)
True
The modern perspective on conflict is that an optimal level exist which is beneficial to the organization. (T/F)
True
The more diversified the environment, the more the firm would benefit from a divisionalized form of departmentalization. (T/F)
True
The most appropriate influence tactic depends in party on the influencer's power base and position in the organization. (T/F)
True
The name and number of phases in a project life cycle are determined by the organization(s) involved in the project.
True
The three main mechanisms that managers use to assess output or performance are financial measures, organizational goals, and operating budgets. (T or F)
True
The three structural dimensions of self-concept are: complexity, consistency, and clarity. (T/F)
True
Trust, employee involvement, and organizational comprehension tend to increase organizational commitment. (T/F)
True
Two employees from different departments who are evaluated on different performance criteria and compensated based on different reward systems are likely to experience conflict due to goal incompatibility. (T/F)
True
Two ways to enrich jobs are by clustering jobs into natural groups and by establishing client relationships. (T/F)
True
Underreward inequity occurs when your outcome/input ratio is lower than the outcome/input ratio of a comparison other. (T/F)
True
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
All managers are not leaders.
The document that describes why the project is needed, and may include estimated costs and benefits, is called a: a. program management plan b. business case c. SWOT analysis d. guiding principle
B
breakeven point
fixed costs divided by (price - variable costs)
According to attribution theory,
information on causation is gathered on three dimensions of behavior
The boundaryless organization relies heavily on _____.
information technology
achievement oriented leadership
leader sets challenging goals - expects subordinates to perform at thier highest level
The person who inspires, motivates, and directs the activities of others so that they work toward organizational goals is known as a:
leader.
The main difference between a leader and a manager is that:
leaders are advocates for change, and managers for the status quo.
According to Myers-Briggs typology, a sensation-type individual is best described as someone who
prefers routine and order when gathering information
A person with a high achievement need
prefers tasks of intermediate difficulty
The four management functions include all of the following EXCEPT _____.
staffing
Total Quality Management (TQM)
commits to quality objectives, continuous improvement, and doing things right the first time
matrix design
combines two different designs to gain the benefits of each typically combined are product or project departmentalization scheme and a functional structure
positive affectivity
people who are upbeat and optimistic have an overall sence of well being and see things in a positvie light
work teams
permanent groups to do normal everyday work of the team and usually make decisions about how the work of the team will be performed
steps in implemeting teams
planning the change - making the decision - preparing for implementation
During the _____ stage of the conflict process, conditions are present that create opportunities for conflict to arise.
potential opposition or incompatibility
A system that an organization uses to obtain inputs, convert them into outputs, and then dispose of these outputs is known as a(n):
production system.
67. What reasons might a manager have to improve maintenance factors for employees if doing so has proven not to provide motivation?
provide tools, situation, and support employees need to do their work
fixed ratio reinforcement
provides reinforcement after a fixed number of behaviors
The _____ model is effective at describing decision-making within temporary groups, particularly those with deadlines.
punctuated-equilibrium
management functions
set forth by henri fayol they include planning organizing command coordination and control
When errors are detected in _____, the correction process relies on past routines and present policies.
single-loop learning
When managers present a job applicant with a scenario that is likely to occur on the job and ask the applicant how he/she would respond, this type of interview is known as a(n):
situational interview.
Which of the following were considered higher-order needs by Maslow?
social, esteem, and self-actualization needs
what level of employee should be involved in the development of plans affecting the operation?
staff members closest to the situation, including employees who actually do the work
128. The banquet department at an operation specializing in large parties has received complaints from wedding clients that servers have botched the cutting and serving of the wedding cake. The manager has decided to do a task analysis. What part of this process would be most useful when training a server how to properly serve wedding cake?
task breakdown
empowerment
the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals make decisions and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority
expectancy theory
theory that suggests people are motivated by how much they want something and the liklihood they perceive of getting it
When managers cannot assign probabilities of future occurrence to possible alternatives to a decision, this is known as:
uncertainty
what sort of behavior is exhibited by a manager who blames a supervisor for a decision that the manager themselves made?
unethical, and specifically lacking in accountability
110. What is an example of a local factor in addition to past sales, which will be used to create a master schedule?
weather
ideal bureaucracy
weber's model that is characterized by a hierarchy of authority and a system of rules and procedures designed to create an optimally effective system for large organizations
contributions
what the individual's contributes to an organization including effort skills ability time and loyalty
competition among groups
when the goals of the interacting groups are incompatible and the interactions are important to goal attainment
cyclic process
where the employee is doing - then reflecting then thinking then deciding and this process continues with re-doing
fred fiedler
who contends the only alternative is to change the situation through job engineering
Which of the following is not a basic proposition of interactional psychology?
. A person is changed by situations, rather than changing situations.
Which statement is TRUE about espoused values?
. They are what members say they are.
Grapevine studies have shown that ____ percent of employees hear about matters first through rumors on the grapevine.
75
Project failure can result from all of the following causes EXCEPT: a.support of senior management b.changes in scope are not agreed upon by all parties involved. c.too little time is allowed for project completion. d.planning is not adequate.
A
operating budget
A blueprint for managers intend to use resources to achieve goals.
CPM/PERT
A comination of the critical path method and the program evaluation and review technique.
1 way communication
A process in which information flows in only one direction—from the sender to the receiver, with no feedback loop
2 way communication
A process in which information flows in two directions—the receiver provides feedback, and the sender is receptive to the feedback
Managing by objectives (MBO)
A process through which team leaders work with team members to "jointly" set performance objectives and "jointly" review performance results.
Which of these is NOT a source of conflict?
A. Cohesiveness
Compared with divisionalized structures, functional structures are known to:
A. Create better economies of scale
The perspective that effective organizations incorporate several workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital is called:
A. HPWP
Organic structures are better than mechanistic structures for:
A. Hostile environments
Information technology
All of the following disciplines have contributed to the foundations of the field of organizational behavior EXCEPT
What is an affinity group?
An employee-involvement group made up of professional-level workers
bottom up change
An evolutionary change; managers work together to develop a detailed plan for change.
organization change
Any substantive modification to some part of the organization (e.g., work schedules, machinery, employees).
Which of the following statements correctly describes a weakness associated with the financial project selection model? a. The benefit-to-cost models favor projects which generate the smallest absolute return over a specified period. b. Payback period models do not consider the profit to be realized after the costs are paid. c. The Net Present Value (NPV) method does not consider the time value of money. d. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method is difficult to use when a project has conventional cash flows.
B
The two main forms of conflict are:
B. Constructive and socioemotional
Which of the following sources of conflict is typically associated with mergers and acquisitions?
B. Differentiation
Which of the following processes involves comparing one company's performance on specific dimensions with the performance of high-performing organizations to decide how successful a change effort has been?
Benchmarking
Priorities
Big rocks Key to planning Start with most important stuff first
_____ leadership theories propose that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the situation the leader faces.
Contingency model
Which of the following is the process by which managers monitor and regulate how efficiently and effectively an organization and its members are performing the activities necessary to achieve organizational goals?
Controlling
Porter's Competitive Strategies
Cost leadership: McDonalds Focused low cost: China Buffet Differentiation: Red Lobster Focused differentiation: Carnegie House
Dunkin' Donuts risks
Could dilute essential brand appeal Alienate long-time customers who respect simplicity, authenticity "Yesterday's" brand to new customers
Problem recognition, immersion, incubation, insight, and verification describe what organizational process?
Creative decision making
Which is true about flat organization structures?
Customer problems can be solved quickly.
All of the following organizations can effectively use a scoring model to select and prioritize competing projects EXCEPT: a. the leadership team b. client companies c. contractor companies d. program management office
D
All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects EXCEPT: a. existing and potential customers b. the operations staff within the organization c. industry and trade journals d. lessons learned from previous projects
D
Self-monitoring and designing natural rewards are both:
D. Part of the self-leadership process
Voice and the right to appeal are two important practices that influence:
D. Perceptions of procedural justice
Which of the following statements about power is FALSE?
D. Power exists only when one person has something of value for a second person, but the second person has nothing of value for the first person
According to research on gender and conflict management styles, women tend to adopt the ___ style, whereas men tend to adopt the ___ style.
D. Problem-solving, forcing
Which of these forces are commonly called resistance to change?
D. Restraining forces
Which of these communication channels has the highest media richness?
D. Video conferencing
Employee involvement tends to have which of the following benefits in decision making?
E. All of these statements are correct
To develop the most accurate estimate of an organization's culture, we should:
E. Answers A,B, and C only
ABC Corp. introduced a training program that ensured everyone had the required knowledge and skills to perform the work. The company also brought in a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees who performed better than others. These practices improve employee motivation by:
E. Both 'C' and 'D'
All of these represent reasons why people resist change EXCEPT:
E. Coercion
Brainstorming requires team members to:
E. Do none of these
As an organization's culture gets stronger, it:
E. Makes it more difficult for decision makers to identify problems or opportunities outside the mental model of that culture
Research on gender and leadership suggests that:
E. None of the above
People who are 'equity sensitive' tend to:
E. Want their outcome/input ratio to be equal to the outcome/input ratio of the comparison other
Which of the following is true concerning online leadership?
Effective on-line leaders need to develop the skill of deciphering the emotional components of messages.
Intrapreneurs
Employees in large corporations who take significant risk and display entrepreneurial behavior
Which of the following is true about employee recognition?
Employees welcome praise as much as a paycheck.
Which of the following is true about stress?
Employees with external locus of control perceive situations to be more stressful than employees with internal locus of control.
Which type of power is based on the specialized knowledge and skills of the leader?
Expert power
Potential advantages of divisional structures
Expertise is focused on special products, customers, or regions Better coordination exists across functions within divisions There is better accountability for product or service delivery It is easier to grow or shrink in size as conditions change
Which of the following is the least complex global operation?
Exporting
Which of the following media of communication has the highest information richness?
Face-to-face communication
In agile projects, the customer representative role is passive, and their involvement is typically limited to the early stages of the project.
False
In order for something to be called an organization it must have buildings and equipment. (T/F)
False
Research indicates that ingratiation is more commonly used by managers in high power distance cultures than by managers in low power distance cultures. (T/F)
False
Social entities are called organizations only when their members have complete agreement on the goals they want to achieve. (T/F)
False
The organizational cultures of most companies can be identified as mercenaries, fortresses or communes. (T/F)
False
Three personality traits are care, utilitarianism, and distributive justice. (T/F)
False
Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of group development?
Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Madison Hotels sells a foreign organization the rights to use its brand name and operating know-how in return for a lump-sum payment and a share of the profits. This is an example of which mode of international expansion?
Franchising
Example of company that follows functional structure
Gulf Stream
Which of the following describes people with a directive style of decision making?
Has a low tolerance for ambiguity and seeks rationality
Which of the following is the foundation of all organization cultures?
History of the company and its founders
What is the relationship between size and group performance?
Increases in group size are inversely related to individual performance.
Staff reported
Indirect (dotted line)
Problem seekers
Individuals who are proactive information gathers and are forward thinking are
Which of the following accurately describes organizational change?
Individuals' ability to learn to deal with change is a major part of managing change.
Strategic leadership
Inspires people to implement organizational strategies
_____ bargaining builds long-term relationships and facilitates working together in the future.
Integrative
Which of the following is a frequently used research method for organizational behavior?
Interviews
Divestiture
Involves selling off parts of the organization to refocus attention on core business areas
Output standard
Is a measure of performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost or time
Each of the following is a question your text suggests to analyze ethical questions except:
Is the action legal?
Which of the following accurately defines organization change?
It is the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its efficiency and effectiveness.
3 steps of management by objective
Joint plan Act alone Join control
Opportunities of safe desk
Large market Few competitors Upgrade generationally Customization potential
Project management
Makes sure that activities required to complete a project are planned well and accomplished on time.
Which of the following is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?
Maslow believed that humans were creative beings seeking self-actualization.
Liquidity
Measures ability to meet short-term obligations.
Asset management
Measures asset and inventory efficiency.
Balanced scorecard
Measures overall organizational performance in respect to 4 areas: financial performance, customer satisfaction, internal process improvement, and innovation and learning goals.
Output standard
Measures performance results in terms of quantity, quality, cost, or time.
Profitability
Measures profit generation.
Leverage
Measures use of debt.
Input standard
Measures work efforts that go into a performance task
Input standard
Measures work efforts that go into a performance task.
Which one of the following is NOT a factor that influences perception?
Medium
External control
Occurs through direct supervision or administrative systems
External elements of SWOT analysis
Opportunities and threats
_____ is a paradigm that values human and organizational growth, collaborative processes, and a spirit of inquiry.
Organizational development
Which of the following is the process through which managers try to increase members' abilities to understand and appropriately respond to changing conditions?
Organizational learning
In management by objectives (MBO), which of the following is established first?
Organizational objectives
Strategic alliance
Organizations join together in partnership to pursue an area of mutual interest
Determining the tasks to be done, who should do them, and who reports to whom is an example of which management function?
Organizing
Who developed the situational leadership model?
Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard
Division of labor
People and groups perform different jobs
Breakeven analysis
Performs what-if calculations under different revenue and cost conditions. Calculates the point at which sales revenues cover costs under different pricing and cost conditions.
What does the P stand for in the equation B = ƒ(P x E)?
Person
Which of the following is NOT an organizational constraint on decision-making?
Personality
______ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to taint the facts to support their goals and interests.
Politicking
Which of the following is the most effective technique for preventing and reducing stress?
Power napping
Global sourcing involves
Purchasing materials, components, or services from around the world.
Six Sigma
Quality standard of 3.4 defects or less per million products or service deliveries.
4 regions of BCG model and associated growth/retrentchment strategy
Question mark (Kindle, 3D TV)- grow or retrench Star (iPad, internet flat screen TV)- grow Dog (VCR, Blockbuster)- retrench Cash cow (Starbucks/DD coffee, DVD player)- stable or low growth, mature market
Restructuring
Reduces the scale or mix of operations
Recession
Results when economic growth fails for 2 three-month periods in a row.
Which of the following is the MOST commonly used financial performance measure that allows managers of one organization to compare performance with that of other organizations?
Return on investment
Strategy formulation
Review current situation Analysize org and external environments Develop new strategies
The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual is the ____ relationship.
Rewards-personal goals
A group of managers at Power Explosives analyzes both the internal strengths and weaknesses of their organization as well as the opportunities and threats of the external environment. Which of the following planning exercises does this indicate?
SWOT analysis
what technique might a manager use to identify and set goals when concerns are not obvious problems to be solved?
SWOT analysis
Focused cost leadership strategy
Seeks the lowest costs of operations within a special market segment
Core leadership strategy
Seeks to operate with lower costs than competitors
Which is NOT one of the steps in the rational decision making model?
Selecting the decision that satisfices
Which of the following is NOT a common form by which culture is transmitted to employees?
Selection
Which is the highest level of needs in Maslow's theory?
Self Actualization
_____ illustrates a process loss as a result of using teams.
Social loafing
Which of the following is a mechanism of control for organizational culture?
Socialization
_____ is the process that adapts employees to the organization's culture.
Socialization
Which of the following refers to the number of subordinates who report directly to a manager?
Span of control
management by objectives
Specific goals are established, managers and subordinates negotiate goals and objectives and evaluate achievement of same.
E-business strategy
Strategically uses the Internet to gain competitive advantage
Which of the following is the degree to which programmed solutions are available to people or functions to solve the problems they encounter?
Task analyzability
Potential advantages of team structures
Team assignments improve communication, cooperation, and decision making Team members get to know each other as persons, not just job titles Team memberships boost morale and increase enthusiasm and task involvement
_____ uses high-interaction group activities to increase trust and openness among team members.
Team building
According to the Leadership Grid®, which is the best leadership style?
Team management
Which of the following does NOT explain the current popularity of teams?
Teams enable organizations to better utilize employee talents.
In the United States, which of the following laws requires male and female employees to be paid the same if they perform equal work?
The Equal Pay Act
To make it illegal for companies to create monopolies and restore competition
The Sherman Act
Resiliency
The ability to call upon inner strength and keep moving forward even when things are rough
Which of the following generalizations about organizational structures and employee performance and satisfaction is MOST true?
There is no evidence that supports a relationship between span of control and employee performance.
_____ theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being leaders.
Trait
Which of the following is based on the premise that effective leaders possess personal qualities that set them apart from ineffective leaders?
Trait model
Transnational firm
Tries to operate globally without having a strong national identity
A functional structure is an organizational structure composed of all of the departments that an organization needs to produce its products. (T or F)
True
A line manager is someone in the chain of command who has formal authority over people and resources. (T or F)
True
A manager's personal leadership style is the specific way in which a manager chooses to influence other people; it is how the manager approaches planning, organizing, and controlling. (T or F)
True
A portfolio is a collection of projects, programs, subportfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic business objectives.
True
According to path-goal theory, supportive leadership is desirable for employees who work in teams with low cohesiveness. (T/F)
True
According to social learning theory, people can reinforce heir own behavior. (T/F)
True
According to the Johari Window, the hidden area is reduced through disclosure. (T/F)
True
According to the communication process model, communication begins with forming the message, then encoding it. (T/F)
True
According to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect model, some unsatisfied employees engage in "voice" by constructively recommending solutions to the source of their dissatisfaction. (T/F)
True
According to the leadership substitutes theory, characteristics of the employee, task, or organization limit the leader's influence or make it unnecessary. (T/F)
True
As is the case in most cultures, making concessions symbolizes a negotiator's motivation to bargain in good faith. (T/F)
True
Change experts recommend introducing quantum change when the organization wants to overhaul the system quickly and decisively. (T/F)
True
Clearly communicating to group members why each person's contributions are valuable to the group is an effective way to reduce or eliminate social loafing. (T or F)
True
Cognitive dissonance is more likely to occur when the dissonant behavior is known to everyone, was done voluntarily and can't be undone. (T/F)
True
Communication problems partly explain why conflict is more likely to occur in a multicultural workforce. (T/F)
True
Companies with the best team dynamics are more likely to have team-based rewards and encourage interaction among team members. (T/F)
True
Compared with quantum change, incremental change interventions involve less risk to the organization and tend to produce less resistance among affected employees. (T/F)
True
Concurrent engineering can be used to encourage informal communication as a coordinating mechanism. (T/F)
True
Confirmation bias causes use to screen out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions. (T/F)
True
Conflict tends to escalate more with a win-lose than with a win-win orientation. (T/F)
True
Emotional intelligence can be learned to some extent. (T/F)
True
Emotions are brief events or "episodes". (T/F)
True
Employee involvement potentially improves decision-making quality and commitment. (T/F)
True
Employee satisfaction with work accomplishments is influenced to a large degree by whether they take credit for those accomplishments or attributes the success to external causes. (T/F)
True
Employees with high levels of affective commitment tend to engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors.
True
Employees with high levels of affective commitment tend to engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors. (T/F)
True
Empowerment flourishes in organizations with a learning orientation. (T/F)
True
Entrepreneurs are likely to be high on the personality trait of openness to experience. (T or F)
True
Ethically sensitive people recognize the presence and determine the relative importance of an ethical issue. (T/F)
True
Evaluation apprehension is most common in meetings attended by people with different levels or status or expertise. (T/F)
True
Everyone is a manager. (T/F)
True
Evidence regarding the effectiveness of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Jung's psychological types is inconclusive. (T/F)
True
Extreme forms of assertiveness include blackmailing colleagues. (T/F)
True
Four-drive Theory recommends keeping all four drives in "balance"; that is, organizations should avoid too much or too little opportunity to fulfill each drive. (T/F)
True
Frederick Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory casts more of a spotlight on the job itself (rather than the work environment) as an important source of employee motivation. (T/F)
True
Functional structures foster professional identity and permit greater specialization than most other forms of departmentalization. (T/F)
True
In a strategic alliance, managers share their organization's resources and know-how with those of a foreign company, and the two organizations share the rewards or risks of starting a new venture in a foreign country. (T or F)
True
In addition to considering financial factors, project selection should often consider how well each project fits with the organization's strategic planning.
True
In any relationship, both parties have some degree of power over the other. (T/F)
True
In reality, many projects are fully successful in some ways, but less successful in others.
True
In the context of motivation, drives are also called primary needs, fundamental needs, or innate needs. (T/F)
True
Integration management represents the processes and activities to identify, define, combine, unify and coordinate the various processes and project management activities.
True
Interacting with people from other backgrounds is more likely to minimize perceptual biases when these people have equal status with you throughout the interaction. (T/F)
True
Job enlargement increases skill variety. (T/F)
True
Language differences represent one of the most obvious cross-cultural communication challenges. (T/F)
True
Most projects are conducted with constraints on the amount of time and funding available to the project manager.
True
Motivation is closely related to the concept of employee engagement. (T/F)
True
Motivator-Hygiene Theory highlights the idea that job content is an important source of employee motivation. (T/F)
True
Multi-communicating is possible because of the reduced sensory demand for most forms of computer-mediated communication. (T/F)
True
Negotiators tend to be more competitive and less willing to give concessions when their audience directly observes the negotiations. (T/F)
True
None of the financial project selection models ensure alignment of the project with an organization's strategic goals.
True
One advantage of ERG Theory over Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory is that the ERG model seems to explain human motivation somewhat better. (T/F)
True
One problem with applying the individual rights principle of ethical decision making is that one individual right may conflict with another. (T/F)
True
One problem with linking rewards to job performance is that managers rely on different criteria when estimating employee performance levels. (T/F)
True
One problem with negotiation is that it tends to produce compliance rather than commitment to the change process. (T/F)
True
One widely mentioned high-performance work practice is employee involvement. (T/F)
True
Online forums and instant messaging are two examples of social networking technologies. (T/F)
True
Project customers can be either internal or external to the organization.
True
Project plans and goals usually become more specific as early work is completed.
True
Reality shock occurs when you perceive a discrepancy between your pre-employment expectations and on-the-job reality. (T/F)
True
Reciprocal interdependence is the highest level of task interdependence in organizations. (T/F)
True
Research has found that women are generally more sensitive than are men to nonverbal communication. (T/F)
True
Research indicates that university students value task-oriented instructors over people-oriented instructors. (T/F)
True
Sexual harassment is a type of stressor. (T/F)
True
Shared mental models are part of an organization's culture. (T/F)
True
Social identity is a comparative process, and that comparison begins with categorical thinking. (T/F)
True
Social identity theory states that we define ourselves in terms of our differences with people who belong to other social categories. (T/F)
True
Some critics argue that financial regards discourage creativity and distract employees from the meaningfulness of the work itself. (T/F)
True
Some projects are considered successful if they reap business benefits like increased profitability, even if completed late or over budget.
True
Stakeholder management is comprised of the processes to identify the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by the project, analyze their expectations and impact, and developing strategies for engaging them and managing conflicting interests.
True
Stakeholders are shareholders, customers, suppliers, governments and any other groups with a vested interest in the organization. (T/F)
True
Strategic objectives should focus decisions regarding which projects to select and how to prioritize them.
True
The Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership model identifies the following four leadership styles: telling, selling, participating, and deleagting. (T/F)
True
The classical decision-making model assumes that managers have all of the information they need in order to make the optimum decision. (T or F)
True
The nature of an organization's human resources is an important determinant of the organization's structure. (T or F)
True
The prioritization of projects in a portfolio should consider whether the demands of performing each project are clearly understood
True
The recency effect has occurred when a person's annual performance evaluation is heavily influenced by performance results over the last month. (T/F)
True
Unfreezing occurs by making the driving forces stronger, weakening the restraining forces, or a combination of both. (T/F)
True
Unlike the traditional view of leadership, shared leadership lacks formal authority. (T/F)
True
Using the controlling function, managers monitor and evaluate the organization's strategy to evaluate whether it is working as intended. (T or F)
True
When a firm prepares to submit a proposal, it is really conducting a small project with the primary deliverable of the project being a compelling and complete proposal.
True
When making an internal or external attribution about a person's behavior, we tend to look at whether the person has acted this way in the past and other situations and whether other people act similarly in this situation. (T/F)
True
While assessing the practicality of alternatives, managers must decide whether they have the capabilities and resources required to implement the alternative, and they must be sure that the alternative will not threaten the attainment of other organizational goals. (T or F)
True
B2C business strategy
Uses IT and Web portals to link businesses with customers
B2B business strategy
Uses IT and Web portals to link organizations in supply chains
Network structure
Uses IT to link with network of outside suppliers and service contractors
Virtual organization
Uses information technologies to operate as a shifting network of alliances
Team structure
Uses permanent and temporary cross-functional teams to improve lateral relations
Management by exception means ____________. a) focusing attention where the need for action is greatest b) the same thing as just-in-time delivery c) the same thing as concurrent control d) managing only when necessary
a
machiavellianism
a behavior which causes people to behave to gain power and to control the behavior of others
122. What are procedures to follow the manufacturer's instructions about how to keep equipment in good working order referred to as?
a. Preventative maintenance
84. There are three complementary skills needed for successful teams. They are Adequate technical abilities and:
a. Problem-solving skills, and Interpersonal skills
118. What is an example of an event that might cause a manager to bring a contingency plan into play?
a. Several key employees come down with infectious illness and must call out suddenly on the same busy weekend
200. Do employers who have a high number of unemployment compensation claims by former employees suffer any consequences?
a. Tax rate based on claims against account. If at maximum rate for specified time, a surcharge can be added.
Which of the following is an element of the informal organization?
a. values
The _____ communication network is best illustrated by an unstructured committee.
all-channel
classical organization theory
an early approach to management that focused on how organizations can be structured most effectively to meet thier goals
The following are true about making good business decisions EXCEPT
an estimated 20 percent of decisions made in organizations fail
Terminal values
are preferences about desired end states
which management style is most useful for inexperienced or entry level employees who are performing relatively simple tasks such as busing tables?
autocratic
Cognitive dissonance is caused by a conflict between:
b. attitudes and behavior.
what is the most effective strategy for managers to use regarding communication in the hospitality environment?
business language and adapted style to fit the person and situation
Which of the following examples is NOT a typical or appropriate situation to employ project management? a.improving an existing work process b.installing a new computer system c.conducting a routine, standard customer service operation d.developing a new product
c
Porter's model of competitive strategies suggests a firm that wants to compete with its rivals in a broad market by selling a very-low priced product would need to successfully implement a _____________ strategy. a) retrenchment b) differentiation c) cost leadership d) diversification
c) cost leadership
An organization that employs just a few "core" or essential full-time employees and outsources a lot of the remaining work shows signs of using a ________ structure a) functional b) divisional c) network d) team
c) network
An organization chart is most useful for _________. a) mapping informal structure b) eliminating functional chimneys c) showing designated supervisory relationships d) describing the shadow organization
c) showing designated supervisory relationships
practical approach to decision making
combines the advantageous features of the rational and behavioral approaches
reinforcement
consequence of behavior
Responsibilities of a team leader, in contrast to a manager, include:
d. hands-on skills of direct involvement and full membership in the team.
According to the goal-setting theory of motivation, goals should be _____.
difficult but attainable
According to equity theory model,
employee satisfaction is dependent on how fairly the employee believes he or she is treated in comparison to others
inventory control
ensures that inventory is only big enough to meet immediate needs
environmental uncertainty
exists when managers have little information about environmental events and their impact on the organization
152. What is the word used for the person whose major responsibility is to keep the meeting focused and moving toward its objectives?
facilitator
primary dimensions of diversity
factors that are either inborn or exert extraordinary influcene on early socialization age ethnicity gender physical abilities race and sexual orientation
The extent to which a job gives the worker direct and clear information about how well the worker is performing the job is known as:
feedback
Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory differs from other leadership theories most clearly because it _____.
focuses on the followers
All of the following serve to sustain a culture EXCEPT _____.
formalization
A manager trying to motivate an employee should
give ample feedback
The pattern of faulty and biased decision making that occurs in groups whose members strive for argument at the expense of good decision making is called:
groupthink.
An entrepreneur is likely to have:
high self-esteem.
Advances in information technology have
increased access to information and made delayering possible
Behavior that is performed by an employee "for its own sake" is referred to as:
intrinsically motivated behavior.
155. Which warm-up activity involves participants pairing up and asking each other questions, then sharing them with the group?
introduction
marcos is a new server at the Cafe. the chef has just informed him that they are "86" on the Bennies and have 2 "Tata's All Day." What challenge has chef just created?
jargon
The process of identifying the job descriptions and the job specifications for all of the jobs within an organization is known as:
job analysis.
The authority that a manager has because of his/her position in the organizational hierarchy is known as:
legitimate power.
what is a statement of goals and the activities necessary to reach them over a three to five year period used to move an operation toward its mission referred to as?
long-range plan
Classical conditioning is:
modifying behavior so that a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and elicits an unconditioned response.
In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, needs that are related to the nature of the work itself and the degree of challenge contained in the work are known as:
motivator needs.
All of the following are factors that are necessary in the communication process EXCEPT
A) trust
Which of the following strategies for minimizing resistance to change should occur when all other strategies are ineffective?
A. Coercion
Motivation affects a person's ___ of voluntary behavior.
A. Direction, intensity, and persistence
A project manager in agile projects who serves and leads in a collaborative, facilitation manner is called a: a.program manager b.scrum master c.sponsor d.functional manager
B
_____ are responsible for initiating and managing change within an organization.
Change agents
Global outsourcing
Contracting for work that is performed by workers in other countries.
feedforward
Control that allows managers to anticipate problems before they occur.
Which of the following is a potential problem when evaluating and choosing alternatives in decision making?
D. All of these are potential problems
Schwartz's model organizes ___ into ___.
D. Values, ten broader domains
When PepsiCo purchased Frito-Lay and expanded its operations into the snack-food business, which of the following strategies did is pursue?
Diversification
In organizational change, unfreezing may occur by:
E. Doing both 'B' and 'D'
The organizational grapevine is usually transmitted:
E. From a small number of senders to a larger number of receivers
Employees who experience feelings of inequity tend to change their comparison other:
E. If they can't alter the outcome/input ratio through other means
The best way to manage resistance to change among those who will clearly lose out from the change is to introduce coercion practices. (T/F)
False
The distributive justice principle of ethical decision making people who are similar in relevant ways should receive dissimilar benefits and burdens based on their individual rights. (T/F)
False
The easiest way to minimize stereotyping is by preventing the activation of stereotypes in our heads. (T/F)
False
The economic benefits of job specialization were discovered in the 1950s. (T/F)
False
The ideal situation in organizations is to have employees whose values are perfectly congruent with the organization's values. (T/F)
False
The image used in the communication process model is that information is like fruit on a tree that needs to be picked. (T/F)
False
The internal part of strategic analysis considers opportunities and threats posed by competitors, suppliers and regulatory agencies among others.
False
The most critical measures of project success are completing the project on schedule and on budget.
False
Which of the following leads to values and norms that fail to motivate or inspire employees, which eventually leads to stagnation and often failure over time?
Inert culture
_____ skills training includes learning how to be a better listener and how to be a more effective team player.
Interpersonal
Potential advantages of matrix structures
Performance accountability rests with program, product, or project managers Better communication exists across functions Teams solve problems at their levels Top managers spend more time on strategy
What type of power will help a leader establish a power base?
Power as an expert
Which type of leader is primarily concerned with ensuring that subordinates perform their work at a high quality level?
Task-oriented
The view that conflict in organizations is bad is overly simplistic and in some cases incorrect. (T/F)
True
There are times that certain projects must be selected regardless of any considerations such as strategic fit, profitability or probability of success.
True
Three challenges organizations are facing globalization, increasing workforce diversity and emerging employment relationships. (T/F)
True
To maximize cohesiveness, the team should be as small as possible without jeopardizing its ability to accomplish the task. (T/F)
True
To minimize resistance to change, change agents need to reduce the restraining forces rather than pushing harder on the driving forces. (T/F)
True
Transformational leaders shape a strategic vision of the future that focuses employees on a superordinate organizational goal. (T/F)
True
Trust is a reciprocal activity; to receive trust from employees, corporate leaders must demonstrate their trust in those employees. (T/F)
True
Which of the following is NOT true about stress?
Women respond more intensely to stress than men and have a higher risk of heart attack and stroke.
The nominal group technique is
a group decision-making approach that generates creative alternatives independently
friendship group
a group that is relatively permanent and informal and draws its benefits from the social relationships among its members
Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer all of the following EXCEPT _____
a high degree of risk
A manager changes jobs within an organization and moves to another job at the same level without any major changes in authority or responsibility. This is known as:
a lateral move.
managing by objectives
a process of joint objective setting between a superior and a subordinate
learning
a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential resulting from direct or indirect experience
positive reinforcement
a reward or other desireable consequence that a persona receives after exhibiting behavior
If Google's top management were to announce that the firm was going to buy Federal Express, this would indicate a growth strategy of ________________. a) diversification b) concentration c) horizontal integration d) vertical integration
a) diversification
When an organization chart shows that vice presidents of marketing finance, manufacturing, and purchasing all report to the president, top mgmt. is using a _________ structure. a) functional b) matrix c) network d) product
a) functional
114. Gregg is a kitchen worker who woke up with a sore throat and fever. He has no health insurance and can't afford to go to the doctor. He knows he is needed for his shift at work this morning and that he would not be giving adequate notice if he called out now. He decides to go in and tough out his shift, saying nothing so he will not be seen as a "whiner". What has management failed to do to set the scene for this potentially dangerous situation?
a. Establish employee absence policies for calling out when unable to work
61. What are factors that make employees act in ways that help them reach personal goals known as?
a. Incentives
contingency plans
alternative actions to take if the primary course of action is unexpectedly distupted or rendered inappropriate
trait approach
an approach that attempted to identify stable and enduring character traits that differentiated effective leaders from non leaders
human resource approach
an approach to motivation that assumes employees want and are able to make genuine contributions to the organization
human relations approach
an approach to motivation that suggests that favorable employee attitudes result in motivation to work hard
universal approach
an approach to organization design in which prescriptions or propositions are designed to work in any circumstance
cosmopolite
an individual who inks the organization to the external environment and may also be an opinion leader in the group
isolate
an individual who tends to work alone and to interact and communicate little with othes
performance to outcome expectancy
an individuals perception of the probability that performance will lead to certain outcomes
stess
an individuals response to a strong stimulus
Type theory states that introverts:
c. have excellent social skills but prefer the internal world of ideas, thoughts, and concepts.
In comparing the organizational design needs of the small organization and the large organization, which of the following is a consideration for the small organization?
c. more centralization
affinity group
collections of employees from the same level in the organization who meet on a regular basis to share information capture emerging opportunities and solve problems
self reactions
comparisons of alternatives with internatlized moral standards
161. What is all of the financial, or money, and nonfinancial or nonmoney, payments and rewards given to employees in return for the work they do?
compensation
156. Which warm-up activity involves prizes for coming up with the best creative solution?
competitive
In Perrow's study of the impact of technology on organization design, he considered all but which of the following elements?
d. The span of control in an organization as a whole.
The idea of placing human consideration at the center of job design is called:
d. anthropocentric.
125. What sort of restaurant employee activity might be suitable for a manager to develop a policy regarding?
days off request
Which of the following is NOT one of the key factors in creating effective teams?
demographics
personal development objectives
document intentions to accomplish personal growth, such as expanded job knowledge or skills
improvement objectives
document intentions to improve performance in a specific way
what kind of questions might a manager ask to determine if a proposed action is based on sound ethics?
does the decision uphold the organization's core values?
Jane is concerned that her company is selling products of very poor quality. However, when meeting with customers, Jane feels obligated to be positive and express confidence about the quality of the product. Jane is likely experiencing _____.
emotional dissonance
Leaders who are high on _____ are more likely to understand all the emotions surrounding creative endeavors.
emotional intelligence
People who exhibit _____ know their own emotions and are good at reading others' emotions may be more effective in their jobs
emotional intelligence
Which of the following is NOT thought to be a determinant of personality?
emotional intelligence
Six universal _____ are anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise.
emotions
Tannen's research indicates that men use talk to ___, while women use it to _____.
emphasize status; create connection
68. What is the name of an organized series of actions planned to expand a workers skills and knowledge?
employee development program
feedforward controls
ensures clear directions and needed resources before the work begins
When organized around the Big Five, _____ is the most important trait of effective leaders.
extraversion
once professional goals have been established, what is the next step involved in the implementation of a professional development plan?
identify learning activities
homogeneous group
if members are similar in one of the several traits such as age - work experience education or technical specialty or cultural background
In addition to providing better focus, good planning offers the benefits of ____.
improved action orientation
The benefits of planning should include ______.
improved focus
circle network
in this type of network -each member communicates with the people on both sides but with no one else
all channel network
in this type of network all members communicate with all other members
chain network
in this type of network each member communicates with the person above and below except for the individuals on each end who each communicate with only one person
wheel network
in this type of network information flows between the person at the end of each sopke and the person in the middle
The _____ says that internal rewards are obtained by individuals when they learn that they personally have performed well on a task that they care about.
job characteristics model
The process of identifying and describing in writing the tasks, duties, and responsibilities for a specific job results in a:
job description.
A summary of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are needed to perform a specific job is known as a:
job specification.
decision making roles
key roles include the entrepreneur, the disturbance handler the resource allocator and the negotiator
interpersonal roles
key roles include the figurehead the leader and the liasion
Steve is unhappy with his job. He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows up for work late. He is expressing his dissatisfaction with a _____ response.
neglect
Innovation takes place in an organization when:
new and useful ideas are implemented.
the autocratic boss instilled fear in his employees. his style was to stalk up to them and mumble in a harsh tone, followed by the phrase "right now." the frightened help would scramble around, doing everything they could think of. boss felt it was a very good technique. is he correct?
no, ineffective-true communication does not occur
what communication channel might be most appropriate for a manager to indicate approval to a line cook who is performing well under pressure during a busy breakfast shift?
non-verbal
86. A group of host employees who work at a large trendy restaurant have been selected to make suggestions for improvement of the reservation, wait and seating process for the popular and crowded Sunday Brunch that has become problematic and therefore a point of complaint for guests. What sort of team is this?
problem-solving team
At an Alcoa aluminum tubing plant in upstate New York, production is organized into five departments: casting; press; tubing; finishing and inspecting, packing, and shipping. This is an example of _____ departmentalization.
process
What is considered a standard response for routine problems?
programmed decision
fixed interval reinforcement
provides reinforcement on a fixed time schedule
A strong culture builds all of the following EXCEPT ____.
quality
equity
the belief that one is being treated fairly in relation to others inequity is the belief that one is being treated unfairly in relation to others
openness
the capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information
medium
the channel or path through which the message is transmitted
need for power
the desire to control the resources in ones' environment
Culture is most likely to be a liability when _____.
the environment is dynamic
Being "in the zone" is also known as
the experience of flow
organizational citizenship
the extent to which a person's behavior makes a positive overall contribution to the organization
locus of control
the extent to which people believe their circumstances are a function of their own actions versus external factors beyond their control
individualism
the extent to which people place primary value on themselves
masculinity assertiveness or materialism
the extent to which the dominatnt values in a society emphasize aggressiveness and the acquisition of money and material goods over concern for people relationships among people and the overall quality of life
procedural justice
the extent to which the dynamics of an organizations decision making processes are judged to be fiar by those most affectied by them
goal compatibility
the extent to which the goals of more than one person or group can be achieved at the same time
person job fit
the extent to which the individuals contributions match the inducements offered by the organization
quality of work life
the extent to which workers can satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organization
departmentalization
the manner in which divided tasks are combined and allocated to work groups
extraversion
the quality of being comfortable with relationships the opposite extreme introversion is characterized by more social discomfort
personality
the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one persona from another
perception
the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment
group polarization
the tendency for a groups average post discussion attitudes to be more extreme than its average prediscussion attitudes
structural imperatives
the three structural imperatives environment, technology and size and the three primary determinants of organizational structure
delegation
the transfer to others of the authority to make decisions and use organizational resources
In an adaptive culture, employees often receive rewards based on:
their performance.
need based theories of motivation
theories that assume that need deficiencies cause behavior
reinforcement thoery
theory based on the idea that behavior is a function of its consequences
ERG theory
theory that describes existence relatedness and growth needs
What effect does 'noise' have in the communication model?
A. It distorts and obscures the senders intended message
Self-awareness is the ____ level of ____.
A. Lowest, emotional intelligence
Expectations of new workforce entrants has:
A. Made employee motivation less relevant as an influence on job performance; B. Made it less difficult to motivate employees using financial rewards; C. Made it more difficult to identify what motivates employees; D. made it impossible to use any form of goal setting
One of the defining characteristics of a matrix organizational structure is that it:
A. Overlays two organizational structures in order to leverage the benefits of both types of structure
Need for stimulation, the ability to synthesize ideas, and low need for social approval are characteristics of:
A. People who tend to be more creative
The statement "First impressions are lasting impressions" best represents the premises of:
A. Primacy effect
Which of the following doe NOT occur at very high levels of job specialization?
A. Product quality increases while the quantity of output decreases
Employees have ___, when others identify with them, like them, or otherwise respect them.
C. Referent power
Which of these statements about leadership is FALSE?
C. Scholars began studying leadership after World War II
Perceptual defense causes us to:
D. Block out bad news or information that threatens our self-concept
Advantages of mgmt. by objective
Direct communication Interpersonal relationships Employee participation in decisions Self- mgmt.
What you can learn from an organization chart
Division of work Supervisory relationships Span of control Communication channels Major subunits Levels of management
Personal development objectives
Document intentions to accomplish personal growth, such as expanded job knowledge or skills
People with a high ___ value assertiveness, competitiveness, and materialism.
E. Achievement orientation
Which of the following activities helps us to cope with information overload?
E. All of the above
Decreasing the driving forces and increasing the restraining forces:
E. Are related to none of these statements
[Scenario: Allison and the Anchors of OB] To collect and analyzer information systematically, OB researchers rely on:
E. Both 'A' and 'C'
Which of the following concepts are closely associated with corporate social responsibility?
E. Both 'B' and 'C'
The triple bottom line philosophy says that:
E. Companies should try to support the economic, social, and environmental spheres of sustainability
Which of these characteristics is reported by several large-scale studies as the most important leadership characteristic?
E. Integrity
Core competency
Special strength that gives an organization a competitive advantage
5 elements of good goal setting
Specific Timely Measurable Challenging Attainable
Operating objectives
Specific results that organizations try to accomplish
What triggers the fight or flight response?
Stress
Definitions of judging/perceiving
Structured/unstructured Formal/informal
Culture Shock
The confusion and discomfort that some people feel when in strange cultural environment
media richness
The degree to which a communication channel conveys information
Halo effect
The perceptual distortion caused by the use of a single characteristic or exposure to draw overall conclusions about an individual is known
Organizational design
The process of configuring organizations to meet environmental challenges
Strategic formulation
The process of creating strategies
Delegation
The process of entrusting work to others
Research suggests that men and women differ in their attitudes toward money. (T/F)
True
Scientific Management is the process of systematically dividing work into its smallest possible elements and standardizing work activities to achieve maximum efficiency. (T/F)
True
Scoring models are most useful when there are multiple projects and several criteria to consider.
True
Scoring models are very useful in providing input regarding the starting order of projects.
True
Self-fulfilling prophecy may result in either better or worse performance than if the employee is not exposed to the self-fulfilling prophecy effect. (T/F)
True
Self-fulfilling prophecy tends to have a stronger effect on employees who are new to the job than on employees who have worked in that job for a few years. (T/F)
True
Self-leadership borrows ideas from social learning theory and research in sports psychology on constructive thought processes. (T/F)
True
Self-managed work teams help to improve quality, increase motivation and satisfaction, and lower costs. (T or F)
True
Self-verification stabilizes our self-concept. (T/F)
True
Servant leaders have a strong desire to serve and work for the benefit of others. (T or F)
True
Servant leaders try to understand employee needs and facilitate their work performance. (T/F)
True
ethics
an individuals personal beliefs about what is right and wrong or good and bad
Institutionalization is the process through which _____.
an organization takes on a life of its own
pluralistic organization
an organization that has diverse membership and takes steps to fully involve all people who differ from the dominant group
social responsibility
an organizations obligation to protect and contribute to the social environment in which it functions
The process by which managers decide how to divide into specific jobs the tasks that have to be performed to provide customers with goods and services is known as job:
design.
market control
essentially the influence of market competition on the behavior of organizations and their members
66. The Tapas Tavern posts positive guest comments, naming employees on the staff bulletin board for all to see. Which of Maslow's Hierarchy is addressed by this practice?
esteem
The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger is an example of poor managerial decision making by the managers at NASA and Morton Thiokol, who considered and then downplayed the criterion of:
ethicalness.
139. What is the process of removing customers and employees from the building when an emergency occurs?
evacuation
Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining an unwanted behavior is called _____.
extinction
transition management
the process of systematically planning organizing and implementing change
when management sends out an anonymous survey to all employees seeking input on the effectiveness of all departments and leadership of the operation, this is an example of which type of communication flow?
upward
cross functional teams are
used most often for the purpose of product development
Managing by objectives
A process of join objective setting between a superior and a subordinate
Which of the ten knowledge areas defined in the Project Management Body of Knowledge includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully? a. Project scope management b. Project quality management c. Project communications management d. Project stakeholder management
A
After-action review
A structured review of lessons learned and results accomplished through a completed project, task force assignment, or special operation
After-action review
A structured review of lessons learned and results accomplished through a completed project, task force assignment, or special operation.
Organization structure
A system of tasks, reporting relationships, and communication linkages
Employees with strong organizational commitment are more likely to:
A. Engage in organizational citizenship behaviors
Which of the following organizational change activities is related to 'bringing the entire system into the room'?
A. Future search conferences
Managers tend to prefer which of the following types of third-party interventions?
A. Inquisitor
__ refers to an individual's self-beliefs and self-evaluations.
A. Self-concept
The three main components of active listening, in order, are:
A. Sensing, evaluating and responding
Which of these is the most common form of influence in high power distance cultures?
A. Silent authority
Emotional labor refers to:
A. The effort, planning, and control needed to express organizational desired emotions during interpersonal transactions
Your boss is usually able to calm employees when they are upset and to get staff enthusiastic about an otherwise mundane activity. This ability probably means that your boss has:
A. The highest level of emotional intelligence
Satisficing refers to:
A. The tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best
Employees probably should not make the decision alone (without the manager's involvement) when:
A. Their goals and norms conflict with the organization's objectives
Sabotage, threatening harm, and insulting other represent:
A. Three forms of counterproductive work behaviors
In the Four-drive Theory, the drive ___ is the drive to form social relationships and develop mutual caring commitments with others.
A. To bond
Which of the following reduces information overload by increasing the person's information-processing capacity?
A. Using a filtering algorithm to screen out incoming e-mail
A large retail organization previously divided work among its four employee benefits staff into distinct specializations. One person answered all questions about superannuation (pension plans), another answered all questions about various forms of paid time off (e.g. vacations), and so on. These jobs were recently restructured so that each employee benefits person answers all questions for people in a particular geographic area. For example, one staff member is responsible for all employee benefits inquiries from anyone in a particular geographic region. This job restructuring is an example of:
B. Job enrichment
In which decision-making structure do participants typically meet, but only interact with each other for part of the meeting?
B. Nominal group technique
Which organizational behavior perspective discusses inputs, outputs, and feedback?
B. Open systems
Performance evaluation serves a number of purposes, including determining who gets merit increases and other rewards. This is an example of which of the following functions of performance evaluation?
Basis for reward allocations
Management by objectives is a mechanism of control for which of the following types of organizational control systems?
Behavior control
All of the following factors should be assessed to determine an organization's ability to perform projects EXCEPT: a. Does the organization have free and open communication, creativity, and empowered decision making? b. Does the organization have a clearly defined project management process? c. Do teams and individuals follow instructions well? d. Does the organization monitor and understand it's external environment?
C
All of the following may be negotiated between a client company and a contractor EXCEPT: a. the amount of money to be paid. b. quality standards c. selection criteria for scoring models d. personnel assignments
C
Most employees would say that ___ helped them adjust to their new job most.
C. Socialization agents
Countervailing power refers to:
C. The capacity to keep someone who is more powerful than you exchanged in the relationship
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of post-decisional justification?
C. The individual continues to look for alternatives better than the one selected
In the communication process model, what happens immediately after the receiver receives the encoded message?
C. The receiver decodes the received message
Consistency, consensus and distinctiveness are:
C. The three rules determining whether to make an internal or external attribution
Calculus, knowledge and identification are:
C. Three foundations of trust in teams
One problem with the utilitarian principle of ethical decision making is that:
D. It is almost impossible to evaluate the benefits or costs of many decisions
Which of these countries is more likely to accept of tolerate, than any other country, people who display their true emotions at work?
D. Italy
Which of the following actions would increase employee motivation mainly by enhancing their effort-to-performance expectancy?
D. Let employees know that their chances of performing successfully are good
Their couriers suffer
Whistle blowers, unfortunately, face this consequence as a result of their actions:
177. A manager discovers that paychecks have been issued to ghost employees. Why is this a problem?
a. Fraud is indicated as they are not currently employed
5 Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Lewin's change model?
a. freezing
Rumors and resistance to change are potential disadvantages often associated with _________. a) virtual organizations b) informal structures c) functional chimneys d) cross-functional teams
b) informal structures
An organization using a ___________ structure should expect that more problems will be solved at lower levels and that top managers will have more time free to engage in strategic thinking. a) virtual b) matrix c) functional d) product
b) matrix
In Porter's five forces model, which of the following conditions is most favorable from the standpoint of industry attractiveness? a) many competitive rivals b) many substitute products c) low bargaining power of suppliers d) few barriers to entry
c) low bargaining power of suppliers
178. All Kitchen employees and Front of House shift leaders are required to have current ServSafe Food certification. Bartenders and servers must have ServSafe Alcohol. How will the manager be certain that they do?
employee personnel records
management by exception
focuses attention on differences between actual and desired performance
Gantt Chart
graphically displays the scheduling of asks required to complete a project
job enlargement
involves giving workers more tasks to perform
The process by which one person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities is known as:
leadership.
A _____ leader has five essential qualities: (1) individual capability; (2) team skills; (3) managerial competence; (4) the ability to stimulate others to high performance; and (5) a blend of personal humility and professional will.
level-5
Groupthink is
likely to occur when the group values getting along more than getting things done
One of the expected benefits of participatory planning is _____.
more commitment to implementation
Nonroutine decisions made in response to novel situations in business are known as:
nonprogrammed decisions
The planning process isn't complete until?
plans are implemented and results evaluated
Power granted to a person by an organization is an example of
position power
A marketing plan in a business firm would most likely deal with ____
sales and product distribution
108. What is the number of customers who have visited the establishment on different days in pervious weeks is known as?
sales history
least preferred coworker - LPC scale
scale that presumes to measure a leader's motivation
151. When a manager is considering meeting time and location, the number of employees that must attend, the amount of expected business, and whether multiple meetings will need to be held, what aspect of meeting management is being considered?
scheduling
The objective of effective _____ is to match individual characteristics such as ability and experience, with the requirements of the job.
selection
In terms of group performance, the idea that "the whole is more than the sum of its parts" is the fundamental point in the concept of:
synergy.
organizational technology
the mechanical and intellectual processes that transform inputs into outputs
conscientiousness
the number of goals on which a person focuses
avoidance - negative reinforcement
the opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior
unfreezing
the process by which people become aware of the need for change
performance measurement -
the process by which someone evaluates an employees work behaviors by measurement and comparison with previously established standards
organization structure
the system of task reporting and authority relationships within which the organization does its work
Which of the following groups will NOT increase as a percentage of the workforce?
white males
Rationalizing unethical behavior
"No one will ever know about it" is an example of
Herzberg's hygiene factors relate to:
. both job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction.
105. If it is not a leap year in February, and the manager has been budgeted $40,096 for labor for a food service operation that is open seven days a week, what is the average daily wage?
1,432.00
Multicultural Organization
A company that is based on pluralism and operates with diversity and respect for diversity is called
Functional chimney (AKA functional silos problem)
A lack of communication and coordination across functions
Which of these statements represents the feelings dimension of attitudes?
A. I don't like how my boss treats his employees
Transactional leaders:
A. Improve efficiency
Globalization occurs when an organization:
A. Increases its connectivity with people and organizations in other parts of the world
Which of the following decision-making activities tends to make the most use of tacit knowledge?
A. Intuition
Incubation and verification are:
A. Stages of the creative process
According to Kolb's Learning Style Type, which of the following describes the convergent learning style?
Abstract conceptualization, active experimentation, problem-solving
Opportunity Costs
Are the losses associated with the best opportunity that is passed up.
Confirmation error
Attending only to information that confirms a decision already made is called
Achieving project success is determined by all of the following EXCEPT: a.creating deliverables that include all required features b.involving only important key stakeholders c.completing the project on schedule and on budget d.providing outputs that please the project's customers
B
Constructive conflict:
B. Encourages people to think about different points of view
What does the textbook recommend that corporate leaders should do with the organizational grapevine?
B. Use the grapevine as a signal of employee anxiety and view it as a valid competitor to the company's formal communication system
Intellectual capital refers to:
B. the stock of knowledge that resides in an organization.
Establishing a preset level at which the decision is abandoned or re-evaluated is recommended mainly to:
C. Minimize escalation of commitment
The potential for conflict between two employees would be highest under conditions of:
C. Reciprocal interdependence
Projects often require tradeoffs among all of the following EXCEPT: a.scope b.cost c.schedule d.programs
D
An organization attempts to succeed by distinguishing its products from those of the competition. Which of the following strategies is the organization using?
Differentiation strategy
Path-goal theory argues that:
E. The most effective leader behavior depends on the situation
Concurrent control
Focuses on what happens DURING the work process
Strategic intent
Focuses organizational energies on achieving a compelling goal
personal approach to decision making
Janis Mann process called the conflict model
Jespher, Inc., allows Hertonz, a foreign organization, to take charge of both manufacturing and distributing one or more of its products in Thailand in return for a negotiated fee. This is an example of which mode of international expansion?
Licensing
Getting smaller strategies
Liquidation Restructuring Ch. 11 bankruptcy Downsizing Divestiture (Dish repositioned brand)
Control process
Set performance objectives Measure actual performance Compare actual to objectives Take actions to control process
Economic Indicators
Sets of data economists use to measure how the economy is performing.
What is a dependent variable?
The factor that an experiment or hypothesis tries to explain or predict that is affected by some other factor
Critical path
The pathway from project start to conclusion that involves activities with the longest completion times is called
communication
The transmission of information and meaning from one party to another through the use of shared symbols
_____ means that at any one time only one central, guiding plan is put into operation to achieve an organizational goal.
Unity
Example of company that follows team structure
W.L. Gore
Chief Operational Officer
What does COO stand for?
management by objectives
What does the MBO acronym stand for?
What of the following best describe action research?
a change process based on the systematic collection of data and then selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate
radical innovation
a major breakthrough that changes or creates whole industries
workplace behavior
a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness
change agent
a person responsible for managing a change effort
organizational downsizing
a popular trend aimed at reducing the size of corporate staff and middle management to reduce costs
norm
a standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged
stressor
a strong stimulus that results in stress
141. When a message needs to be communicated to a group of employees is a meeting the best method?
a. Confirm the necessity of a meeting due to time and cost concerns. There are other ways to convey information
150. The manager wants the meeting to proceed without delay and announces to participants that there will be no questions or discussions allowed. Is there a downside to this strategy?
a. Employees may feel frustrated and question the need for a meeting when no participation is allowed
191. What is the primary difference between involuntary termination and voluntary?
a. Involuntary is done for the well being of the organization, voluntary occurs to benefit employee
197. The manager has informed the terminated employee that a final paycheck will not be received until all company material is returned. Is this a good practice?
a. It is important to confirm the legality of this action in the state of operation
164. Food service employers are fortunate in that they do not have to pay much to employees as customer heavily supplement low pay through tips. Is it accurate to say that labor cost is low in the food service industry?
a. No. Labor is a prime cost, meaning it is one of the major costs.
79. Why do many employees have a negative view of the appraisal process?
a. Often approached in a hurried manner, lacking in ongoing feedback and goal setting
82. Putting members of the Front and Back of the House together to work on systems issues that have hindered food and service quality illustrates which of the benefits of the teamwork?
a. Open communication channels by breaking down barriers that have existed between departments or groups
180. Joni has requested leave (as her establishment falls under Family Medical Leave Act) for time off to care for her ailing parent. Juanita, her manager, is very busy and assures her she "will get around to the paperwork" and to "go ahead". Has Juanita made any mistakes?
a. Processing must be done in timely manner in compliance with federal law
56. What is the advantage of having employees learn information at approximately the same time?
a. Reduces the impact of the "grapevine" circulating incorrect information
142. What is a well known and often used set of rules for conducting meetings in an organized way that allows everyone to be heard and make decisions without confusion?
a. Robert's Rules of Order
58. How should a manager respond when a guest has made a negative online posting about their restaurant experience?
a. Thank them for the feedback and apologize
133. What is slip, fall or other mishap involving injury or the potential for injury, even when no injuries are visible and the persons involved say they are unhurt?
accident
172. Kevin is a bartender at the beachside swimming pool at a seaside resort hotel. He notices a guest in the ocean, clearly in distress. Kevin runs for the water and, shedding clothing, dives in and saves the guest from drowning, including the administration of CPR. Kevin is given a merit raise. On what basis was the raise given?
accomplishment
what is the value of setting specific goals rather than the more general goal of striving to do better?
achievement can be measured and steps taken if goals not met
145. What type of meeting is brief, involving just a few employees to address and resolve a problem, to decide and commit?
action
gatekeeper
an individual who has a strategic position in the network that allows him or her to control information moving in either direction through a channel
job specialization
as advocated by scientific management it can help improve efficiency but it can also promote monotony and boredom
what is an effective way for a speaker to determine if audience members have understood their message?
ask questions and listen to answers to see if understanding is demonstrated
The main purpose of organizing as a management function is to _______________. a) make sure that results match plans b) arrange people and resources to accomplish work c) create enthusiasm for the needed work d) link strategies with operational plans
b) arrange people and resources to accomplish work
A __________ in the BCG Matrix would have a high market share in a low-growth market. a) dog b) cash cow c) question mark d) star
b) cash cow
6 In attribution theory, a non-performing employee's internal attribution might include:
b. lack of commitment.
Silence as a response has:
b. value for the listener who needs to sort out thoughts.
Scientific management emphasized:
b. work simplification.
When Gallo purchased a company that makes wine bottles, it was involved in:
backward vertical integration.
Compared to men, women tend to:
be more participative.
The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting is referred to as _____.
behavior modification
When MBO is done right, who does the review of a team member's performance accomplishments?
both the team member and team leader
When MBO is done right, who does the review of a team member's performance accomplishments? a) the team leader, the team member and a lawyer b) the team member c) the team leader d) both the team member and team leader
both the team member and team leader
Decision makers operate within the confines of _____ i.e., they construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.
bounded rationality
The ____ is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization.
bureaucracy
A manufacturing business with a functional structure has recently acquired two other businesses with very different product lines. The president of the combined company might consider using a __________ structure to allow a better focus on the unique needs of each product area. a) virtual b) team c) divisional d) network
c) divisional
Which tactic is an American manager most likely to use when dealing with a tardy employee?
c. If you don't start reporting on time for work, I will have to cut your pay.
________ conflict occurs when a person experiences conflict among the multiple roles in his or her life.
c. Interrole
It is the position of the authors, Nelson and Quick, that:
c. adapting, flexibility, and responsiveness are desirable hallmarks in change management.
Which of the following job core characteristics does NOT directly relate to meeting the needs of a critical psychological state?
c. rate of pay
behavioral approaches to leadership
came from Michigan studies - the Ohio state studies and the leadership grid
A good performance objective is written in such a way that it ____________. a) has a flexible timetable b) is general and not too specific c) is impossible to accomplish d) can be easily measured
can be easily measured
a good performance objective is written in such a way that it _______.
can be easily measured
An enthusiastic, self-confident leader who is able to clearly communicate his/her vision of how good things could be is known as a:
charismatic leader.
According to the garbage can model of decision making, the four factors that need to connect to make a decision are problems, participants, solutions, and
choice opportunities
When one team member advises another team member that "your behavior is crossing the line in terms of our expectations for workplace civility," she is exercising a form of ________ control over the other's inappropriate behaviors. a) clan b) market c) internal d) preliminary
clan
which qualities describe those needed by a person engaged in leadership activities?
clear communication, involvement of others, persuasion, motivations, and development
Which of the following is the least effective method of influencing others?
coalition formation
The belief that "discrimination is wrong" is a value statement. Such an opinion is the _____ component of an attitude.
cognitive
product development teams
combinations of work teams and problem solving teams that create new designs for products or services that will satisfy customers needs
Hawthorne Studies
conducted between 1927 and 1932 led to some of the first discoveries of the importance of huma behavior in organizations
The strategic planning committee at Comfort Fabric Clothing Company, New York, consists of managers from engineering, R&D, production, marketing, and finance. This is an example of a(n):
cross-functional team.
The correspondence between attitudes and behaviors doesn't depend on:
d. selective perception.
Organizations can keep their hierarchy flat by:
decentralizing authority.
Mintzberg, Henry
defined basic managerial roles such as interpersonal roles - informational roles critical managerial skills
which management style is most useful for employees who are motivated and experienced in an environment where cooperation is very important; for example, a banquet crew who has worked together for several busy seasons?
democratic
71. A multi-level ocean front restaurant is very busy during tourist season. The bus staff keeps busy cleaning, sanitizing and resetting departing tables. They are good about letting the bus team know what stage each table is at. In the meantime, the host stand is frustrated. They cannot visually see when tables are ready to be sat and rely on word from the bus staff, which is slow in coming. Guests are left waiting. What is the term for the failure to maintain a positive work environment that the management is allowing to continue through the actions of the bus staff?
department silos
Avoidance of ______ is why most organizations develop multiple suppliers rather than give their business to only one.
dependency
theory Y
described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a positive and optimistic perspective on workers
rational approach to decision making
describes a systematic - step by step rocess
job enrichment
entails giving workers more tasks to perform and more control over how to perform them
defensive avoidance
entails making no changes in present activities and avoiding any further contact with associated issues because thre appears to be no hope of finding a better solution
organizational environment
everything outside an organization including people other organizations economic factors objects and events that lie outside the boundaries of the organization
what is the purpose of an information rollout at the application of results step of reaching goals?
explain, defend or teach affected employees about the new way of doing things
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Bill is a thinking-type. When reviewing a vendor proposal with his boss, he will most likely
express his opinion
Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. He is engaging in _____.
filtering
listening like a professional includes handling callers that become angry or rude. what techniques can be used to help manage these types of calls?
focus and ask clarifying questions to remain polite and in control
All of the following are ways to become a learning organization EXCEPT
focus development efforts on senior management
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company set up a chain of Firestone retail stores to sell its tires to American consumers. This is an example of:
forward vertical integration.
Leaders demonstrate _____ when they use language to influence followers' perceptions of the world, the meaning of events, beliefs about causes and consequences, and visions of the future.
framing
Process consultants wil
guide and coach on workflow, informal relationships, and communication
140. What is the purpose of developing a media policy?
guide interactions about establishment's response to emergency
The set of activities in which managers engage to predict the future human resource needs of their organization is known as:
human resource planning.
In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, needs that are related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed are known as:
hygiene needs.
after-action review
identifies lessons learned from a completed project, task force assignment, or special operation
dual structure theory
identifies motivation factors which affect satisfaction and hygiene factors which determine dissatisfaction
when managers use benchmarking in the planning process, they usually try to _____.
identify best practices used by others.
134. What is a situation in which a person or persons become involved in unacceptable behavior in the establishment or on the establishment's property; for example, fights?
incident
Results of the contingency model
inconsistent LPC lacks validity
The _____ view of conflict argues that some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively.
interactionist
what is communication between individuals who are standing or sitting close to each other in which immediate feedback is provided referred to as?
interpersonal
In the book Profiles of Genius, thirteen key executives were interviewed and tested and all were found to be _____ types. This result is particularly interesting because this type represents only about five percent of the population.
intuitive thinking
informational roles
involve some aspect of information processng - monitor - disseminator - spokesperson decision making entrepreneur - disturbance handler resource allocator negotiater role
Job _____ measures the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and considers his or her perceived performance level important to self-worth.
involvement
continuous improvement
involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance
what are some of the essential leadership skills and abilities needed for managers to be successful?
listens, respects, accountable, trustworthy, encourages company vision, and remains calm in crisis
Quietly continuing to do your work, even though you're dissatisfied, is an example of _____ response to dissatisfaction.
loyalty
what is the process that can be defined as using what you have to do what you want to do?
management
When managers pass through work areas and talk informally with workers, they are engaging in:
management by wandering around.
The most important challenge facing the field of organizational behavior is
managing workforce diversity
A leader with Machiavellian tendencies would likely
manipulate others for his or her personal gain
what is a calendar of specific activities designed to meet the operations revenue goals related to attracting, retaining, and expanding the customer base?
marketing plan
The _____ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited information network, and centralization.
mechanistic model
The _____ assumption assumes that people who are different will want to assimilate.
melting-pot
what is a professional in the company willing to coach the manager and plan career goals while serving as a wise advisor known as?
mentor
economic order quantity
method that places new orders when inventory levels fall to predetermined points
Entrepreneurship is the:
mobilization of resources to take advantage of an opportunity to provide customers with new or improved goods and services.
91. What stage is a team that expresses acceptance, a sense of common purpose, attempts to get along and responds well to a supporting leadership style in?
norming
directive leadership
occurs when the leader lets subordinates know what is expected of them -gives specific guidance
92. What stage is a team that expresses satisfaction with work and attachment with members, works through problems and responds well to delegating style of
performing
individual differences
personal attributes that vary from one person to another
111. What internal source of information can provide the most valuable information about customer count by time period?
point of sale system
In spite of the fact that short-term stock price changes are essentially random, a large proportion of investors believe that they can predict the direction that prices will move. This is an example of _____.
randomness error
The degree to which a test generates a similar score each time it is administered to a job applicant is known as the _____ of the test.
reliability
The ability of a manager to give outcomes to or withhold outcomes from subordinates is known as:
reward power.
A plan that is updated and changed every year to take into consideration how the organization's external and internal environments have changed is known as a:
rolling plan.
Which of the following has become a significant source of workplace conflict?
rudeness and incivility
Planning is best described as the process of ______ and _____.
setting objectives; deciding how to accomplish them
quality circles
small groups of employees from the same work area who regularly meet to discuss and recommend solutions to workplace problems
65. An employee finds that s/he does not regret terribly, returning from a family vacation. There is anticipation of returning to "the gang" of the day shift and catching up on what has taken place during the absence. Which of Maslow's Hierarchy seems to be met on the job?
social
what is the basic management activity that involves recruiting new workers, selecting the most qualified, making an offer, and orienting, and training new employees?
staffing
127. Two cooks are each wanting to be known for their seafood chowder. Each adds more and finer ingredients, trying to outdo the other. The manager is pleased with the guest response to the excellent products but puzzled by the rising food cost and inconsistent results. What standard operating procedure could solve this problem?
standardized recipe
when conducting a SWOT analysis, questions such as: what does our establishment do well? what additional resources do we have access to? what do we do better than our completion? and what do we do that exceeds customer expectations? are examples of questions that aim to identify which SWOT focus?
strengths
If an employee misperceives an event that occurs in the workplace, it is likely that he or she has
strong attitudes about that event
feedback control
takes place after completing an action
129. The banquet department at an operation that specializes in large parties has decided to step up their game in order to better compete with other caterers and event venues. Management is performing task analyses of every position in the operation. What will the first step be for each position?
task list
general environment
the broad set of dimensions and factors within which the organization operaties including political legal sociocultural technological economic and international factors
strategy
the plans and actions necessary to achieve organizational goals
refreeing
the process of making new behaviors relatively permanent and resistant to further change
selective perception
the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts oru beliefs
semantics
the study of language forms
mechanistic structure
this structure is primarily hierarchical interactions and communications are typically vertical instructions come from the boss knowledge is concentrated at the top and loyalty and obedience are required to sustain membership
organic structure
this structure is set up like a network interactions and communications are horizontal knowledge resides where ever it is most useuful to the organization and membership requires a commitment to the organizations tasks
divionalized form
this structure is typical of old very large organizations the organization is divided according to the different markets served
simple structure
this structure is typical of relatively small or new organizations and has little specialization or formalization power and decision making are concentrated in the chief executive
following mother's day brunch and dinner, the upscale waterfront restaurant held a mandatory staff meeting to review the safety procedures for evacuation in the event of a kitchen fire. what barrier to effectiveness may have been created by this decision?
timing
variable ratio reinforcement
varies the number of behaviors between reinforcements
what is the difference between behavior that is considered harassing and behavior that is considered normal, friendly interaction?
would not offend a reasonable person
192. What is a legal action taken be a former employee against a previous employer alleging that the discharge was in violation of the law, public policy or an implied contract, agreement or written promise?
wrongful discharge
The last step in the planning process is to determine an organization's mission and goals. (T or F)
False
Another name for the business level of the organization is:
divisional level.
When the meaning of the information available to a manager is unclear and can be interpreted in several ways, the information is:
ambiguous.
A formal, written guide to action for employees in an organization is known as a:
rule.
The cluster of decisions that managers make to assist an organization to achieve its goals is known as:
strategy.