Programming test 2
The ____ operator takes an operand and reversed its truth or falsehood.
!
What will the following code print? num = 5; out << num++ << " "; cout << num-- << " "; cout << --num;
654
What will the following code print? num = 8; cout << --num << " "; cout << num++ << " "; cout << num;
7 7 8
The ____ operator is used in c++ to test for equality.
==
True/False: The following statements will not print anything. x =5; if (x < 5) cout << "Hello "; cout << "world \n";
False
True/False: To check if a variable has a particular value, use the = relational operator as in the statement: if (s = 3)
False
To ____ a value means to increase it.
Increment
If nothing within a while loop ever causes the condition to become false, a(n) ________ may occur.
Infinite loop
When a program lets the user know that an invalid menu choice has been made, this is an example of
Input validation
The ++ operator
Is a unary operator, adds to the value of its operand, and can operate in prefix or postfix mode.
A _____ is a variable that controls the number of times a loop iterates.
Loop control variable
If a while loop has no braces around the body of the loop
The loop body contains just one statement
True/ False: Assuming goodData is a Boolean variable, the following two tests are logically equivalent. If (goodData == false) If (!goodData)
True
True/ False: The following C++ test checks if the variable child is in the range 3-12
True
True/False: If the sub-expression on the left side of the || operator is true, the expression on the right side will not be checked.
True
What will the following statement do if x equals 17 and answer = 20? answer = x > 100 ? 0 : 1;
assign 1 to answer
A ____ is a variable that is regularly incremented or decremented each time a loop iterates
counter
A void function is one that
returns no value
Two or more functions may have the same name provided that
their parameter lists are different
If a switch statement has no ________ statements, the program "falls through" all of the statements below the one with the matching case expression.
to break
Relational operators allow you to ________ numbers.
to compare
The ____ statement causes a function to end and the flow of control to move back to the point where the function call was made
to return
You may define a __________ in the initialization expression of a for loop.
variable
A function other than the main function is executed
whenever it is called
In a function header, in addition to the name of the function, you are required to furnish
A data type for each parameter, an identifier name for each parameter and the data type of the return value.
For data validation, it is best to use
A while loop
A variable that keeps a running total of data values is called a(n) ________.
Accumulator
In a function call, in addition to the name of the function, you are required to furnish
An identifier name or constant for each argument
The whole loop has two important parts: a condition that is tested and a statement or block or statements that is executed.
As long as the condition is true
A function ________ includes the statements that make up the function.
Definition
Enumerated data type named student
Enum student { bill, Tom, Mary }
True/ False: A while loop may have a semicolon after the test expression and before the body of the loop, but it is not required.
False
True/ False: The following C++ test checks if the variable child is in the range 3 to 12
False
True/ False: to decrement a number means to increase its value
False
True/False: If the sub-expression on the left side of the && operator is true, the expression on the right side will not be checked.
False
True/False: logical operators AND and OR have a higher precedence than the NOT operator.
False
True/False: the scope of a variable is the program it is defined in
False
The ________ statement acts like a chain of if statements. Each performs its test, one after the other, until one of them is found to be true or until the construct is exited without any test ever evaluating to true.
If/ else if
The - - operator
Is a unary operator, subtracts one from the value of its operand, must have an lvalue, such as a variable, as its operand, and can be used in either prefix or postfix mode.
To use an output file in a c++ program you must
Open the file and create a file stream object that will "point to" the file
When more than one function has the same name they are called _____ functions.
Overloaded
The while loop has two important parts: a condition that is tested and a statement or block of statements that is
Repeated as long as the condition is true
In order for a c++ program to read data from a file,
The file must already exist, the program must define a file stream object that can "point to" the file, and the program must open the file
True/ False: relational expressions and logical expressions are both Boolean, which means they evaluate to true or false.
True
True/ False: when a function needs to use a copy of an argument passed to it, the argument should normally be passed by value.
True
True/False: functions are ideal for use in menu- drive programs. When a user selects a menu item, the program can call an appropriate function to carry out the user's choice.
True
True/False: the statement pass= (score >=7)? True : False; does exactly the same thing as the if/else statement below: If (score >=7) pass= true; Else pass = false;
True
True/False: when a loop is nested inside another loop, the inner loop goes through all its iterations for each iteration of the outer loop
True
When a loop is nested inside another loop, the outer loop goes through all its iterations for each iteration of the inner loop.
True
True/ False: An expression in a C++ if statement that evaluates to 5,-5, or for that matter anything other than 0, is considered true.
True by if statement
A for statements contains three expressions: initialization, test, and
Update
The ideal type of loop to use for repeating a menu is a(n) ________ loop.
do-while
A _____ is a program module whose purpose is to test other modules by calling them
driver
The ____ function causes the entire program to terminate, regardless of which function or control mechanism is executing.
exit
The ideal type of loop to use if you want a user to enter exactly 20 values is a _____ loop.
for
To use files in a C++ program you must include the ________ header file.
fstream
In a for statement, the _____ expression is executed only once
initialization
A _____ variable is defined inside the body of a function and is not accessible outside that function
local
A sentinel is a special value that ________.
marks the end of a list of values
Breaking a program up into a set of manageable sized functions is called ________ programming.
modular
When an if statement is placed within the conditionally-executed code of another if statement, this is known as:
nesting
A trailing else placed at the end of an if/else if statement provides a default action when ________ of the if conditions is/are true.
none
When used as parameters, _________ variables allow a function to access the parameter's original argument.
reference
If s1 and s2 are string objects, s1 == s2 is true when
s1 = "dog" and s2= "DOG"
The value in ________ local variable is retained between function calls.
static
The C++ ____ operator represents logical AND.
&&
_______ are c++ operators that change their operators by one.
++ and - -
In c++ when a relational expression is false, it has the value
0
What will the following expression evaluate to? !(6>7 || 3 ==4)
0
In a function prototype, in addition to the name of the function, you are required to furnish
A data type for each parameter, an identifier name for each parameter and the data type of the return value.
In the following statement, what is 22.0? cout << sqrt(22.0);
An argument
A ____ is information that is passed to a function, and a ____ is a special variable that receives and holds that information.
Argument, parameter
A flag is a variable, usually of data type ________, that signals whether or not some condition exists.
Bool
The _____ statement causes a loop to terminate early.
Break
A function ____ is a statement that causes a function to execute.
Call
A ____ argument is one that is automatically passed to a parameter when the argument is left out of the function call.
Default
True/ False: both function headers and function calls must list the data types of all data being passed to the function.
False
True/ False: if a function has no return statement, the flow of control moves to the next function in the file when the closing brace of the function body is reached.
False
True/ False: when you make a function call, the order of the arguments you send does not matter as long as the number of arguments matches the number of parameters the function has.
False
True/ false: you may use the edit function to return the flow of control from a function back to main regardless of where the function was called from.
False
True/False: A switch statement branches to a particular block of code depending on the value of a numeric (i.e. integer or floating-point) variable or constant.
False
True/False: A while loop is somewhat limited because the counter can only be incremented or decremented by one each time through the loop
False
True/False: a while loop is somewhat limited, because the counter can only count up, not down.
False
True/False: before beginning to add value to it, an accumulator should be initialized to 1.
False
True/false: you can nest a for loop inside another for loop, but cannot nest a while loop inside another while loop or a do while loop inside another do while loop
False
True/ False: relational operations connect two or more relational expressions into one, or reverse the logic of an expression.
False. Logical operators
A ____ is a variable, usually a bool, that signals when a conditions exists.
Flag
To use files in a c++ program you just include the _____ header file.
Fstream
The _____ statement executes one statement, or block of statements, if a condition is true snd skips it, doing nothing, if the condition is false.
If
The _______ statement causes other program statements to execute only under certain conditions.
If
The _____ statement executes one block of statements if a test condition is true, and another block if the condition is false.
If else
The while loop is a _____ loop, whereas the do while loop is a ____ loop.
Post test, pre test
The do-while loop is a _____ loop, whereas the while loop is a _____ loop.
Post test, pretest
The expression x<y is called a
Relation expression
A ____ is a special value that marks the end of a list of variables
Sentinel
A ___ is a dummy function that is called instead of the actual function it represents, to test that the call to and return from the function are working correctly.
Stub
An overloaded function is one
That has the same name as another function
True/ False: although global variables can be useful, it is considered good programming practice to restrict your use of them.
True
True/ False: an initialization expression may be omitted from the for loop if no initialization is required
True
True/ False: assuming moreData is a Boolean variable, the following two tests are logically equivalent
True
True/ False: in c++ global and local numeric variables are initialized to zero by default.
True
True/ False: it is possible for a function to have some parameters with default arguments and same point.
True
True/ False: one reason for using functions is to break programs into a set of manageable units or modules.
True
True/ false: a function with a return type of bool must return a value of either true or false.
True
True/False: A pair of characters or a pair of string objects can be compared with any of the relational operators.
True
True/False: All of the relational operators are binary.
True
True/False: The block of code in the body of a while statement can contain an unlimited number of statements, provided they are enclosed in a set of braces.
True
True/False: The rule for matching an else with an if is that an else goes with the last if statement before it that doesn't have its own else.
True
True/False: a function can have zero to many parameters and either zero or one return value(s).
True
A static local variable is one
Whose value is retained between functiona
A function can have ____ parameters, and it can have either zero or one return values.
Zero to many
The statements in the body of a do-while loop are executed
at least once
A _____ variable is declared outside all functions.
global
When a function needs access to an original argument passed to it, for example in order to change its value, the argument needs to be
passed into a reference parameter
A function ________ eliminates the need to place a function definition before all calls to the function.
prototype
When only a copy of an argument is passed to a function, it is said to be passed by _________.
value
The ________ operator is known as the logical OR operator.
||