Project and Change Management

In organizational culture, control refers to _____. A) the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results B) the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to over see employee behavior C) the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment D) the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

B) the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to over see employee behavior

Payback occurs when: A) the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits B) the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs C) the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one D) the cumulative benefits are double the cumulative costs

B) the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs

Which of the following is true of low-end tools of the project management software? A) they are referred to as an enterprise project management software B) they provide basic project management features C) their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality D) they are designed for especially large projects with multiple users

B) they provide basic project management features

(T/F): A sprint review is a meeting in which the team demonstrates to the product owner what it has completed during the sprint.

True

(T/F): Identifying the project sponsor is a pre-initiation task.

True

(T/F): Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.

True

(T/F): Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.

True

(T/F): NPV analysis is a method for making equal comparisons between cash flows for multi-year projects.

True

(T/F): Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity sequencing.

True

(T/F): One of the main reasons why project management is challenging is because of the factor of uncertainty.

True

(T/F): Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project.

True

(T/F): People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization.

True

(T/F): Project managers work with the project sponsors to define success for particular projects.

True

(T/F): Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

True

Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. A) quality B) communication C) time D) risk

C) time

_____ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project. A) Managing the project team B) Developing the project team C) Planning human resource management D) Acquiring the project team

D) Acquiring the project team

Which of the following provides certifications as a Project Management Professional? A) PMC B) PMS C) PMP D) PMI

D) PMI

A(n) _____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. A) objective B) deliverable C) variance D) work package

D) work package

(T/F): Earned value management is a tool primarily used in human resource management.

False

(T/F): Start-to-finish relationships are the most frequently used dependencies between activities.

False

Project _____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully. A) scope B) cost C) time D) human resource

A) scope

The improvement of the product and process in the Scrum method is discussed at the _____. A) sprint reflection meeting B) kick-off meeting C) sprint review meeting D) daily Scrum meeting

A) sprint reflection meeting

_____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance. A) Developing the project team B) Managing the project team C) Acquiring the project team D) Developing the human resource plan

A) Developing the project team

Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a few alterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope with the change? A) Project environment knowledge B) Soft skills C) Motivation D) Negotiation

A) Project environment knowledge

A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. A) concept B) close-out C) acquisition D) implementation

A) concept

AOA network diagrams use only _____ dependencies. A) finish-to-start B) start-to-finish C) finish-to-finish D) start-to-start

A) finish-to-start

The capacity to understand the motivations, intentions and desires of others is _____. A) interpersonal intelligence B) emotional intelligence C) human intelligence D) intrapersonal intelligence

A) interpersonal intelligence

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float. A) longest; shortest B) shortest; longest C) shortest; shortest D) longest; longest

A) longest; shortest

_____ processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs. A) planning B) monitoring and controlling C) executing D) initiating

A) planning

The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____. A) project feasibility B) project close-out C) project implementation D) project acquisition

A) project feasibility

Enterprise environmental factors are an output of the executing process of _____. A) project human resource management B) project integration management C) project quality management D) project procurement management

A) project human resource management

The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. A) project sponsor B) project manager C) project team D) support staff member

A) project sponsor

In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects. A) resource allocation B) business area analysis C) project planning D) information technology strategy planning

A) resource allocation

Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. A) the Robinson family B) Steve C) the project team D) the support staff

A) the Robinson family

In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. A) the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results B) the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking C) the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment D) the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior

A) the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

The business case includes information on _____. A) the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals B) policies, procedures, guidelines, and systems that influence a project's success C) the business need for the project D) relevant government or industry standards

A) the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals

In the development phase of the project life cycle: A) the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS B) managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work C) managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts D) the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders

A) the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS

Which of the following best describes outsourcing? A) an organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country B) an organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source C) an organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market D) an organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries

B) an organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying the _____ need of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A) safety B) esteem C) physiological D) self-actualization

B) esteem

Enterprise project management softwares are also known as _____ tools of project management software. A) midrange B) high-end C) low-end D) baseline

B) high-end

The project scope management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control. A) planning B) monitoring and controlling C) executing D) initiating

B) monitoring and controlling

_____ should result in improvements in project performance. A) defect repairs B) preventive actions C) product acceptance plans D) corrective actions

B) preventive actions

A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control. A) business case B) project management plan C) scope statement D) statement of work

B) project management plan

In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints. A) information technology strategy planning B) project planning C) business area analysis D) resource allocation

B) project planning

The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. A) project charter B) scope statement C) WBS D) gantt chart

B) scope statement

Which of the following is an output of schedule control? A) Activity attributes B) Resource requirements C) Lessons-learned reports D) Milestones list

C) Lessons-learned reports

In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information. A) Judgement/Perception B) Extrovert/Introvert C) Sensation/Intuition D) Thinking/Feeling

C) Sensation/Intuition

In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities? A) Estimating activity durations B) Defining activities C) Sequencing activities D) Planning schedule management

C) Sequencing activities

The technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost is known as _____. A) dependency B) critical chain scheduling C) crashing D) feeding buffers

C) crashing

Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum? A) demonstrating the product during a sprint review meeting B) completing tasks each day during sprints C) creating sprint backlog D) determining how many sprints will compose each release

C) creating sprint backlog

The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as _____ needs. A) safety B) deficiency C) self-actualization D) growth

C) deficiency

The first step in determining the NPV is to _____. A) determine the discount rate B) determine the cash flow C) determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces D) calculate the net present value

C) determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces

_____ involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document. A) developing the preliminary project scope statement B) developing the organizational process assets updates C) developing the project management plan D) developing the project charter

C) developing the project management plan

Which of the following are organizational process assets? A) marketplace conditions B) the organization's infrastructure C) management systems D) government standards

C) management systems

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks. A) top-down B) bottom-up C) mind mapping D) analogy

C) mind mapping

A common _____ process is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track. A) planning B) closing C) monitoring and controlling D) executing

C) monitoring and controlling

The project cost management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination. A) executing B) monitoring and controlling C) planning D) initiating

C) planning

In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule. A) milestones list B) activity duration estimate C) project management plan update D) activity attribute

C) project management plan update

_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. A) variance B) use case modeling C) prototyping D) decomposition

C) prototyping

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. A) bottom-up B) mind mapping C) top-down D) analogy

C) top-down

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. A) business case B) project charter C) work breakdown structure D) project scope statement

C) work breakdown structure

Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? A) each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible B) the work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it C) any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it D) a unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS

D) a unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS

According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others. A) power B) self-actualization C) achievement D) affilitation

D) affilitation

Which of the following is a pre-initiation task? A) drafting the project charter B) drawing up a work breakdown structure C) identifying stakeholders D) developing a business case for a project

D) developing a business case for a project

The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the _____ process of project human resource management. A) initiating B) controlling and monitoring C) planning D) executing

D) executing

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? A) it is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases B) in the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest C) more resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases D) in the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest

D) in the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest

During _____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition. A) planning B) opening C) controlling D) initiating

D) initiating

The project integration management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of developing project charters. A) planning B) monitoring and controlling C) executing D) initiating

D) initiating

A(n) _____ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration. A) schedule baseline B) activity sequence C) activity attribute D) milestone

D) milestone

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. A) chain of command B) line of control C) organizational structure D) organizational culture

D) organizational culture

Which of the following project management knowledge areas primarily involve generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information? A) project time management B) project procurement management C) project cost management D) project communications management

D) project communications management

In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. A) the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking B) the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior C) the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment D) the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

D) the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

When an organization needs a new direction, the _____ leadership style is appropriate. A) democratic B) commanding C) pacesetting D) visionary

D) visionary

(T/F): A Gantt chart is the same as a project management plan.

False

(T/F): A SWOT analysis, being a linear process, cannot be performed using the nonlinear mind mapping technique.

False

(T/F): A work package must always represent less than 80 hours of work.

False

(T/F): A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver.

False

(T/F): An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult.

False

(T/F): Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.

False

(T/F): In project time management, one should control the schedule before estimating the duration for each activity.

False

(T/F): Interface management involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of a project.

False

(T/F): It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases.

False

(T/F): Milestones are easy to achieve and are always achieved through one main activity.

False

(T/F): One of PERT's main disadvantages is that is does not address the risk associated with duration estimates.

False

(T/F): Project managers must try to avoid conflict at all costs as all conflict within groups is bad.

False

(T/F): Project procurement management primarily involves identifying stakeholder needs while managing their engagement throughout the life of the project.

False

(T/F): Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system.

False

(T/F): The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.

False

(T/F): The burndown chart is a Scrum created artifact that provides a list of features prioritized by business value.

False

(T/F): The final process in project time management is developing the schedule.

False

(T/F): The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects.

False

(T/F): The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.

False

(T/F): The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase.

False

(T/F): The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors do not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.

False

(T/F): The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors.

False

(T/F): To define activities, the project team should start with reviewing the schedule management plan, scope baseline, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational processes.

True

Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing _____ and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.

schedule

A(n) _____ is an overall model for thinking about things as sets of interacting components working within an environment to fulfill some purpose.

systems philosophy

In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent. A) 150 B) 100 C) 10 D) 50

B) 100

_____ refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business.

Operations