Project+ Charts and Diagrams
The purpose of the scope burndown chart is to visualize what?
The purpose of the scope burndown chart is to visualize whether the project is on track to finish on time.
A new project manager (PM) is looking to perform a root cause analysis to determine why the project is running behind schedule. Which of the following types of analysis might the PM find effective and easy to use as a starting point? (Select all that apply.) Scatter diagram Fishbone diagram Five-Why analysis Pareto chart
Fishbone diagram Five-Why analysis
Current Cost Per Unit
$50/ 50 Units = $1 per unit
CPM STEP 3: COMPLETE A FORWARD PASS
For each activity, you will calculate two values during the forward pass: Early Start (ES) is the soonest an activity can start because of how long it will take to complete predecessor activities. Early Finish (EF) is the earliest an activity can finish because of how long it takes to complete it. The formulas for ES and EF are: ES = the maximum EF of all direct predecessors EF = ES + t where t = the duration [i.e., time] of the activity
What are Milestone charts?
Describes the milestone events, which are project checkpoints. They look at a the timeline and plot deadlines, check-ins, and critical dates throughout the course of the project.
Escalation Point Chart
Escalation Point Chart
EMV
Expected Monetary Value EMV = Probability × Impact EMV(OptionA)=EMV(A1)+EMV(A2) EMV(OptionB)=EMV(B1)+EMV(B2)
Pareto Chart
Finds the top issues and their frequency. Helps eliminate the most issues with the least effort. 80/20 rule (20% causes 80% issues)
Scatter
Finds types of correlations. Positive, Negative, or None
A project is two weeks behind schedule, and the project manager (PM) does not know why. So the PM is planning a team brainstorming activity to find the potential cause of this delay. What gap analysis tool will the PM use? Resource leveling Probability cost estimate Fishbone diagram Utilization gap
Fishbone diagram
What is the project charter?
Outlines the project parameters. It helps the team, stakeholders, sponsor, and PM agree on why the project matters and what needs to happen.
Functional Organization
SPECIALEZED (NO PMs) Divided by areas of expertise. The PM coordinates the project but has little authority over people or cost. Employees (specialized managers) act as PMs.
Based on past similar projects, a project manager (PM) needs to anticipate the date the project will end. Which performance measure can the PM use to determine this? (Select all that apply.) Cost performance index Scope burndown chart Schedule performance index Schedule variance
Schedule performance index Schedule variance
Special cause and common cause variations are the types of what?
Special cause and common cause variations are the types of variations monitored through control charts. Control charts are statistical charts that track variation in a process.
The project team plans to monitor when the implemented changes begin to affect system performance. The team will look for what type of variation? Special cause variation Common cause variation Neutral variation Control chart variation
Special cause variation
Matrix Organization
Specialized like functional organization, but adds the PMs from projectized organization. Functional Manager and Project Manager a manager is responsible for assigning work but does not have official authority over the people doing the work. The PM has little control over budget and staff in a weak matrix. The PM has more control over budget and staff in a strong matrix. (dotted line grid)
Glasl's Stages of Conflict (9)
Tension Debate Action replace words Coalitions ( gain supporters ) Loss of face Threats Limited Destruction Annihilation Abyss
The PM uses the scope burndown chart to measure what?
The PM uses the scope burndown chart to measure whether the project will complete on the planned date rather than to forecast the completion date.
Lesson 3: The project charter gives a brief overview of what?
The engagement. Subsequent files will provide more in-depth information. The risk management plan is a subsequent file and is not part of the project charter.
The project charter gives a brief overview of what?
The engagement. Subsequent files will provide more in-depth information. The risk management plan is a subsequent file and is not part of the project charter.
Work Breakdown Structure
The hierarchy of project tasks, subtasks, and work packages.
Milestone charts have more detail what? What do they describe?
Milestone charts have more detail than a roadmap but are not exhaustive enough to form a plan. Milestone charts describe milestone events, which serve as checkpoints.
MECE
Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive an organization and problem-solving method.
Projectized Organization
NOT SPECIALEZED (PMs) It will have PMs instead of specialized managers leading each team and fewer layers and branches. When the project ends, the team disbands and reforms around new projects. PMs have a lot of control.
SKILLS MATRIX
a visual tool for assessing the current state of a team's skills.
CPM STEP 2: CALCULATE PERT ESTIMATES
CPM STEP 2: CALCULATE PERT ESTIMATES
EVM Chart 3
EAC, BAC, VAC, ETC in chart
Lesson 9
For sure-zeez
FISHBONE DIAGRAM
cause and effect diagram
Phase Gate
A checkpoint review of project deliverables and performance at the end of each phase or sub-phase of a project at which point a management review or sign-off may be required.
A data flow diagram (DFD) shows how information does what?
A data flow diagram (DFD) shows how information flows through a process or system. This diagram type works particularly well for audiences that include people with technical and nontechnical expertise. This would not show the outcomes based on decision points made during a process.
Throughput Chart
A diagram of a team's output over time; shows how many items are completed each sprint or iteration.
A final look at the critical path diagram shows where the project can adjust and where it must maintain course.
A final look at the critical path diagram shows where the project can adjust and where it must maintain course.
What is a steering committee?
A governing body that oversees the project. They are a section of an organizational chart.
Project Network Diagram
A graphical representation of the sequence of project activities and the dependencies among them.
rollback plan
A proactive strategy that defines when and how to restore a system back to its last known good state in the event of issues during a release.
A project charter what type of document? What is the project description apart of?
A project charter is a brief, formal document that outlines the project parameters. The project description is part of the project parameters.
A project charter is what type of document? How does it help the team?
A project charter is a brief, formal document that outlines the project parameters. It helps the team, stakeholders, sponsor, and project manager (PM) agree on why the project matters and what needs to happen.
A quadrant diagram type includes what?
A quadrant diagram type includes many implementations that use the same concept. This diagram creates a four-quadrant grid.
Resource Histogram
A resource histogram totals the amount of work by time period. In this chart, you can determine that the group has an uneven distribution of work because the columns are different heights.
BUDGET BURNDOWN CHART
A time series chart that plots how much of the project's budget has been used and how much remains.
Burnup Chart
A tool used to track the total amount of work completed each day.
Rollback
Action taken to restore a system to the last known good state.
CPM Step 1: The PDM Diagram with the basic activities listed.
CPM Step 1: The PDM Diagram with the basic activities listed.
PRINCE2 Phases
Chart
EVM Chart that shows schedule performance gaps
Chart 2 look at it, looook!
FS, FF, SS, SF Chart
Chart see picture
What does the project charter clarify and how does that aid the team?
Clarifies the project manager's (PM's) role and authority level. Clarity aids the team in understanding operating norms, helping the PM assume responsibility for the project.
Common Cause Chart
Common cause variation is a common, everyday occurrence. Special cause variation happens sometimes; it's a special event.
CPM STEP 7: IDENTIFY THE CRITICAL PATH
Critical Path = list of all activities where (TF = 0)
Current and future state diagrams are powerful motivators when doing what?
Current and future state diagrams are powerful motivators when building project support. Simple is better for these summaries.
A project team is meeting to discuss their options for improving and re-designing existing software code. What project management type of performance diagram can incorporate multiple factors and map various outcomes from a single decision? Decision tree Data flow diagram Mind map Quadrant diagram
Decision tree
Decision Tree Analysis
Decision. A decision tree asks one question. Option. A decision tree will have two or more potential ways to respond to the decision. Outcome. Each option will generate two or more outcomes.
CPM STEP 6: CALCULATE THE FREE FLOAT
Free float (FF) is the amount of time an activity can wait to start without impacting any other activities. Mathematically, FF is the amount of time an activity can delay without encroaching on the early start of any subsequent activities. FF is calculated for every activity, just like TF. The formula for FF is: FF(1) = the minimum ES of all direct successors - EF(1) FF is always smaller than the TF for the activity. Therefore, if the TF is 0, the FF is also 0.
An agile team is working with the extreme programming model to develop a web application that needs to be ready within the next 30 days. Recognizing that a highly detailed project plan will be needed, the team elects to use a bar chart where the 30-day timeframe is broken down into daily representations on the x-axis and all tasks/activities are recorded on the y-axis. What productivity tool would help keep the team on task with milestones and specify the tasks needed to reach the milestone events? Gantt chart Milestone chart Project roadmap Project charter
Gantt chart
Gantt charts are what?
Gantt charts are highly detailed project plans. Gantt charts show tasks and time in a grid to create a visual schedule view. It is a unique bar chart that shows time across the x-axis and a list of tasks or activities on the y-axis.
Every charter will include what sections? The name is a part of what type of information?
General project information (including the name), project vision, organization (people), and implementation overview.
AGILE PROJECT BACKLOGS
Look at the image
WBS vs Project Backlog vs Product Backlog
Look at the image
A team is responsible for purchasing resources for a large construction project. It is their shared responsibility to minimize the possibility of waste and maximize value in the project. Using a purchasing and fiscal perspective, what resource management technique should the team apply to help the project? Include a summary of assumptions and risks in the financial plan. Assess all environmental considerations in the project plan. Draft a current state diagram. Draft a future state diagram.
Include a summary of assumptions and risks in the financial plan.
KPI
Key Performance Indicator are long-term, operational metrics that describe the health of the system. KPIs help you stabilize and protect systems.
CPM STEP 4: COMPLETE A BACKWARD PASS
Late Start (LS) is the latest an activity can start and still allow the project to finish on time. Late Finish (LF) is the latest an activity can finish and still allow the project to finish on time. The formulas to calculate LF and LS are as follows: LF = the minimum LS of all successors LS = LF - t where t = the duration [i.e., time] of the activity Calculate Project Late Start and Late Finish First, identify the project's LF. The project's LF is equal to the project's EF. LF(project) = 19 weeks
A project manager (PM) develops a graph for the team's stakeholders. The PM wants to be able to visually depict a comparison in the improvement in quality scores against the cost of achieving them. What type of project tool would best meet the PM's requirements? Law of diminishing returns chart Pareto chart Escalation plan Communication plan
Law of diminishing returns chart
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Lesson 11
Lesson 11
Lesson 3
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Lesson 5
Lesson 6
Lesson 6
Lesson 8 and 9
Lesson 9
A manufacturing company needs to develop a report that shows its stakeholders which resources generate the most revenue for the company. Which of the following charts would be the best fit? Burndown chart Burnup chart Pareto chart Gantt chart
Pareto chart
Pareto charts track how often various issue causes contribute to what?
Pareto charts track how often various issue causes contribute to the problem and require some plotting and graphing to generate useful insights, but are not a simple form of analysis.
Run Chart
Plots issues over time Helps determine the time period's greatest issues.
Diminishing Returns (3)
Portability Security Availability
PDM
Precedence Diagram Method popular project diagram style.
PERT
Program Evaluation and Review Technique represents duration, activities, and dependencies.
Which statement defines the project and is created at an early stage to reflect the stakeholders' common understanding of what will be performed in the project?
Project charter
What components of the general project information does a project charter include? (Select all that apply.) Project name Project description Risk management plan Project sponsor
Project name Project description Project sponsor
What high-level document shares major progress points, such as new feature rollouts?
Project road maps
A project manager wants to select a productivity tool that will share major progress points, including new feature rollouts and products that would serve well in an executive summary. Which of the following tools would be the best option? Project roadmaps Milestone charts Kanban board Project charter
Project roadmaps
What does a project organizational chart remove? What does it clarify?
Removes ambiguity for the PM and team members. It clarifies the team members and the reporting structure. A sponsor is an appropriate section of an organization chart.
A project manager creates a scope burndown chart to analyze the performance of an agile project team. What changes can the project manager expect to see over time? (Select all that apply.) The scope target will change. The project will remain on track to finish on time. The chart will have a smooth line with no spikes. The chart should show frequent progress.
The scope target will change. The chart should show frequent progress.
The project team has been working on an application software for the past 20 days. The target for completed work on the burnup chart estimates 14 task hours a day. On day 20, the project team completed 308 task hours. What does this imply? (Select all that apply.) The team is ahead of schedule by 28 task hours. The team is ahead of schedule by two days. The team has been averaging 10 task hours a day. The team is right on schedule.
The team is ahead of schedule by 28 task hours. The team is ahead of schedule by two days. Since actual task hours equals 308 and 20 days have passed, the average hours completed each day is 15.4. Since the project is on day 20 and the target is 14 task hours/day, the team should complete 280 task hours by day 20. Therefore, the team is ahead of schedule by 28 task hours.
On checking the critical path method (CPM) diagram for a web development project, the project manager (PM) finds that the "Design Custom Fonts" activity has an Early Start (ES) of nine weeks and a Late Start (LS) of twelve weeks. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? The total float for the Design Custom Fonts activity is nine weeks. The total float for the Design Custom Fonts activity is three weeks. The total float for the Design Custom Fonts activity is twelve weeks. The total float for the Design Custom Fonts activity is four weeks.
The total float for the Design Custom Fonts activity is three weeks.
A software development project consists of a design activity with a duration of three weeks, a development activity with a duration of six weeks, and a testing activity with a duration of two weeks. The design, development, and testing activities are on a critical path method (CPM) diagram. Based on this information, what is true about this project? The total float for the design, development, and testing activities is 11. The total float for the design, development, and testing activities is 2. The total float for the design, development, and testing activities is 8. The total float for the design, development, and testing activities is 0.
The total float for the design, development, and testing activities is 0.
What are Gantt charts?
They show tasks and time in a grid to create a visual schedule viewed in a unique bar chart that shows time across the x-axis and a list of tasks or activities on the y-axis.
To ensure the effectiveness of the burndown chart, the unit of measure should be small enough for what at least?
To ensure the effectiveness of the burndown chart, the unit of measure should be small enough for the total to change at least weekly. As a result, it should show frequent progress.
CPM STEP 5: CALCULATE THE TOTAL FLOAT
Total float (TF) is the amount of time an activity can wait to start without impacting the total project timeline. TF is also called "slack" because it measures the unused time in the schedule. TF is calculated for every activity. TF has two formula options: TF = LS - ES TF = LF - EF You can use either option; they will return the same result. However, this walkthrough will use the formula TF = LS - ES for consistency.
Variation itself is neutral. It represents what?
Variation itself is neutral. It represents a deviation from past expected performance. Special cause and common cause variations are the types of variations monitored through control charts.
A project charter helps the team, stakeholders, sponsor, and project manager (PM) agree on what?
Why the project matters and what needs to happen. The project sponsor is a part of the project charter.
Frequency HISTOGRAM
a column chart used in statistical analysis.
Kanban Chart
chart
Sprint and Scrum Chart
chart
Scatter Plot
demonstrates the relationship between two variables. First, it plots two variables, one on the x-axis and one on the y-axis. Then, a dot represents the occurrence of each (x,y) variable.
Power Impact Grid
grid
EVM chart
looks much like a burnup chart. The Status Date line indicates the last available data.
Mind Map Chart
map
Run Chart
shows time or sequence on the horizontal axis. Corresponding data is measured on the vertical axis.
Scope Burndown Chart
shows a measure of project scope. You can measure scope as a sum of all story points, count of deliverables, count of completed activities, or any other measure that realistically reflects the project scope.
