Prokaryotes Quiz

31) The following statements are all true of the domain Archaea except _________. a. based on DNA analysis, archaea are probably more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria. b. some archaeans can reduce complex compounds to methane. c. archaean cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan. d. some archaeans can inhabit solutions that are nearly 30% salt. e. some archaeans are adapted to waters with temperatures above the boiling point.

c. archaean cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan.

11) Prokaryotes can be found_______. a. In fresh water b. In salt water c. In boiling water d. In frozen water e. All of these

e. All of these

3) Name the Viral Morphological Structures:

1 → Helical 2 → Icosahedral 3 → Enveloped 4 → Complex

16) Match the organism to the metabolic carbon source: Chemolithoautotrophs Chemolithoheterotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoorganoautotrophs

Chemolithoautotrophs → Carbon dioxide and methane Chemolithoheterotrophs → Organic compounds (sugars) Photoheterotrophs → Organic compounds (sugars) Chemoorganoautotrophs → Carbon dioxide and methane

15) Match the organism to the metabolic energy source: Chemolithoautotrophs Chemolithoheterotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoorganoautotrophs

Chemolithoautotrophs → Oxidizing inorganic compounds Chemolithoheterotrophs → Oxidizing inorganic compounds Photoheterotrophs → Light from the Sun Chemoorganoautotrophs → Oxidizing organic compounds

1) Characteristics of Viruses: Hereditary Material Plasma Membrane Perform Transcription Perform Translation Metabolic Processes Capable of Evolving Cell Walls

Hereditary Material YES Plasma Membrane NO Perform Transcription NO Perform Translation NO Metabolic Processes NO Capable of Evolving YES Cell Walls NO

6) This is an illustration depicting the viral _________ cycle. Select one: a. Lytic b. Lysogenic

a. Lytic

30) Why do biologists now reject the use of a single kingdom Monera for all prokaryotic organisms? a. Only eukaryotic organisms have membrane-enclosed organelles. b. Molecular evidence shows that archaea and eukaryotes share a more recent common ancestor than archaea and bacteria. c. Structural data show that bacteria are more closely related to eukaryotes and that archaea differ in a greater number of characteristics. d. Only prokaryotic organisms show growth inhibition in the presence of antibiotics. e. Only species of archaea lack the noncoding parts of genes.

b. Molecular evidence shows that archaea and eukaryotes share a more recent common ancestor than archaea and bacteria.

21) Water moves via osmosis _________. a. throughout the cytoplasm b. from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one c. from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one d. from an area with a low concentration of water to one of higher concentration

b. from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one

20) Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? a. nucleus b. ribosome c. mitochondrion d. vacuole

b. ribosome

17) When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use _________ to distinguish the individual components of cells. a. a beam of electrons b. special stains c. radioactive isotopes d. high temperatures

b. special stains

29) What is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes? a. parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases b. the decomposition of organic matter c. metabolizing materials in extreme environments d. adding methane to the atmosphere e. serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments

b. the decomposition of organic matter

22) The principal force driving movement in diffusion is __________. a. temperature b. particle size c. concentration gradient d. membrane surface area

c. concentration gradient

28) In which of the following ways can prokaryotes be considered to be more successful on Earth than humans? a. Prokaryotes are much more numerous and have more biomass than humans. b. Prokaryotes occupy more diverse habitats than humans. c. Prokaryotes have survived on Earth for billions of years longer than humans have. d. All of these are correct

d. All of these are correct

24) Which of the following statements about virus structure is true? a. All viruses are encased in a viral membrane. b. The capsomere is made up of small protein subunits called capsids. c. DNA is the genetic material in all viruses. d. Glycoproteins help the virus attach to the host cell.

d. Glycoproteins help the virus attach to the host cell.

26) If all the bacteria on Earth suddenly disappeared, which of the following would be the most likely and most direct result? a. The number of organisms on Earth would decrease by 10-20%. b. Human populations would thrive in the absence of disease. c. There would be little change in Earth's ecosystems. d. Recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially. e. Earth's total photosynthesis would decline markedly.

d. Recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially.

34) What is true of the archaea? They are__________. a. limited to extreme environments. b. limited to aquatic environments. c. the universal ancestors of all life on Earth. d. abundant in marine environments. e. morphologically indistinguishable from bacteria when observed with an electron microscope.

d. abundant in marine environments.

33) The oxygen revolution probably began with the origin of which group of organisms? a. plants b. eukaryotes c. prokaryotes d. cyanobacteria e. cellular respiration

d. cyanobacteria

19) A typical prokaryotic cell __________________ compared to a eukaryotic cell. a. is similar in size b. is smaller in size by a factor of one million c. is larger in size by a factor of 10 d. is smaller in size by a factor of 100

d. is smaller in size by a factor of 100

34) The following statements are all true of the prokaryotes except that they____________. a. are important decomposers in ecosystems. b. have every mode of nutrition and metabolism, distributed among the various species. c. can most accurately be classified using molecular techniques. d. include some species that can use crude oil as a nutrition source. e. All of the above are true of prokaryotes.

e. All of the above are true of prokaryotes