Prostate Cancer
Encourage joining a support group and seeking information.
In order to help a patient cope with the diagnosis of prostate cancer what might a nurse do?
45 instead of 50
Because of their increased risk of prostate cancer, African American men and other men with a family history of prostate cancer should have an annual PSA and DRE beginning at age?
zoledronic acid (Reclast)
For patients on androgen deprivation therapy (Leuprolide, LH-RH Antagonist: Abarelix Androgen Receptor Blockers: Flutamide), what meds should they take to prevent osteoporosis?
Mimics calcium and forms complexes at areas of increased bone turnover, such as bone metastases
How does Radium Ra 223 Dichloride (Xofigo) work?
a biopsy of the prostate tissue
If PSA levels are continually elevated, or if the DRE is abnormal, what test is usually indicated?
Elevated levels of PSA (normal level, 0 to 4 mcg/L, a glycoprotein produced by the prostate, does not necessarily indicate prostate cancer.
What PSA level would be found in a patient with prostate cancer?
Dysuria, hematuria, Hesitancy, urgency, frequency, intermittency Dribbling, nocturia, retention, unable to urinate
What are common late manifestations of BPH?
1)skin (dryness, redness, irritation, pain) 2)gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bleeding) 3)urinary tract (dysuria, frequency, hesitancy, urgency, nocturia) 4)sexual functioning (erectile dysfunction). 5)Fatigue may also occur
What are some common side effects of external beam radiation therapy?
Damage to urethra, urethrorectal fistula, and urethrocutaneous fistula. Tissue sloughing, ED, urinary incontinence, prostatitis, and hemorrhage can also occur.
What are some complications of cryosurgery?
Age after 50 yrs Ethnicity - African American Family history are non-modifiable risk factors - first-degree relative Probable Risks: Smoking, BPH, Dietary factors
What are some risk factors for prostate cancer?
Irritative or obstructive urinary problems are common side effects. May experience ED
What are some s/e of brachytherapy of the prostate?
finasteride (Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart).
What drugs may decrease the PSA levels?
brachytherapy of the prostate
What is a radiation oncology procedure where radioactive "seeds" are placed directly within or near a tumor in the prostate to destroy malignant cells?
Prostate cancer
What is an androgen-dependent adenocarcinoma that is usually slow growing.
Radium Ra 223 Dichloride (Xofigo)
What is the alpha-particle emitting radiotherapy drug used to treat symptomatic late-stage (metastatic) castration-resistant prostate cancer that has spread to bones but not to other organs?
Pain management
What is the most important aspect of care for a patient with prostate cancer?
External beam radiation
What is the most widely used method of radiation for prostate cancer. Used to treat cancer confined to prostate and/or surrounding tissue?
Flutamide (Eulexin)
What med is a nonsteroidal androgen receptor blockers and taken daily as an oral medication?
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist (Abarelix)
What meds block LH receptors and causes immediate testosterone suppression with side effects that include pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site and elevated liver enzymes?
Urinary urgency, frequency, retention with dribbling, hematuria, nocturia Dysuria, low back pain radiating to legs or pelvis, bone pain
What might be the health history of a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer?
Cryosurgery
What surgical technique that destroys cancer cells by freezing the tissue and is performed as the initial and second-line treatment after radiation therapy has failed.
Bone scan, CT, MRI with endorectal probe, and TRUS
What tests are usually used to determine location and spread of the prostate cancer?
Life expectancy is less than 10 years Presence of low-grade, low-stage tumor Serious coexisting medical conditions
When is active surveillance usually done with prostate cancer?
