Protecting and Licensing Intellectual Property

Exclusivity

Granting exclusive rights to use the licensed IPR within a specific area.

Licensing

Granting permission to use IPRs for royalties or contract manufacturing.

GATT Agreement on TRIPS

Requires minimum standards of IPR protection and enforcement mechanisms.

Cross-licensing

Agreement between competitors to exchange IPR licenses.

Termination Provisions

Agreements on the duration and post-termination rights of the license.

Madrid Protocol

Centralized filing system for trademark registration in multiple designated countries.

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

Centralized utility patent application process for multiple signatory countries.

Franchise Agreements

Contracts granting rights to use trademarks and business models in exchange for fees.

Berne Convention

Copyright treaty granting protection to literary and artistic works among signatory nations.

Rights to IPR Improvements

Determining ownership and use rights of new technology developed based on licensed tech.

Paris Convention

First international treaty for IPR protection, ensuring equal treatment for foreign applicants.

Gray Market

Importation of merchandise produced abroad and sold back into the country of origin.

Output or Customer Restrictions

Limiting the volume of a particular product or service made available.

Royalty Levels

Negotiating the amount of royalties paid for the use of IPRs.

Confidentiality

Protecting the secrecy of licensed technology through agreements.

Antitrust/Competition Laws

Regulations to foster competition and prevent monopolies in the marketplace.

Litigation

Resolving disputes over IPRs in courts.

Geographical Limitations

Restrictions on the sale of licensed products within specific nations.

Field of Use Limitations

Restrictions on the use of licensed technology for specific applications.

Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP)

Rules for resolving disputes over domain names, preventing bad-faith registration.

European Patent Convention

Unitary system for application and grant of European patents.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)

Valuable assets in the global economy obtained through research and development.