Protools 110 Flash Cards

What is the Default Thru Instrument setting used for? How can you change the Default Thru Instrument setting?

- Audition midi clip just by playing and not having to record enable each track. Audition midi clip in clip list. can force all virtual instruments to operate in low-latency domain. Responds to all midi data regardless of port/device/channel - setup > preferences > midi > default thru instrument > either Follows First Selected MIDI (on) or None (off)

Describe the process of creating a drum submix

- Choose Track > New, select a Mono or Stereo Aux Input track, name the track, and click Create - Set the output for all tracks that you want included in the submix to an available mix bus using the tracks' Audio Output Path Selectors. Route the output for each included track to the same bus. - Set the input for the Aux Input track to correspond to the internal mix bus you chose, using the Audio Input Path Selector - Set the output of the Aux Input track to your main stereo outputs, using the Audio Output Path Selector - Solo-safe the Aux Input track by Command/Ctrl-clicking on the track's Solo button

What are some options for selecting clips in the Clip List? How can you select a range of contiguous clips? How can you select non-contiguous clips?

- Clips can be selected in the Clip List as a contiguous range or as individual clips Contiguous clips: -Click the name of the first clip you want to select in the Clip List -Shift-click the name of the last clip you wish to select. All clips in the range between the first clip and the last clip will be selected Non-Contiguous clips: - Click on individual items to select or deselect them non-contiguously OR - Place the cursor on the left side, where the Marquee cursor appears (crosshairs); then click and drag.

How is editing MIDI data different from editing audio? How are MIDI notes affected when deleting a selection or trimming a clip compared to how audio waveforms are affected?

- Differences: some editing operations affect MIDI data differently & MIDI notes/ parameters can be modified in ways that audio cant - if cutting/clearing/trim includes a notes starting point, that entire note is gone. if ending point is included, the clip is trimmed but the note remains & overhangs. moving overhang clip also moves the notes.

What are some ways that the Pencil tool can be used to edit an automation playlist?

- Draw freehand automation shape - Draw a smooth ramp (for example, a volume increase) - Automating pan and tremolo effects using the triangle and square modes

What are some differences in the way audio and MIDI clips are created when loop recording? How would you go about enabling loop recording for audio or MIDI?

- Loop recording audio creates 1 whole audio file, each take is a subset clip in this file named sequentially - if audio pass is interrupted before midpoint of loop, that take is disregarded - when recording MIDI, new clips are created each time record pass begins but if no input received = no new clip - if MIDI pass is interrupted, entire clip is still retained - enable automatic playlist creation for each loop record take in setup > preferences > operation. And then option > loop record OR right click record > loop OR option L

What keyboard modifier would you use when clicking on a MIDI clip in the Clip List to audition it? What is required for this process to play sound?

- Option Click - Default Thru must be set to Follows First Selected Midi

How would you go about duplicating the volume automation for a track onto Send B for the track?

- Select and copy the volume automation - Display the automation playlist for Send B - Choose EDIT > PASTE SPECIAL > TO CURRENT AUTOMATION TYPE or press CONTROL + COMMAND + V (Mac) or START + CTRL + V (Windows)

What is Soundbase? What are tags in Soundbase?

- Soundbase is a workspace browser window that allows u to find audio files using tags - Tags are descriptive labels that are saved as metadata within WAV or AIFF file

How could you set the Clip List for a session you just opened to display only your newly recorded and edited clips going forward?

- Use the Clip List Pop-up menu to display the Find Clips dialog box -Select the Include Subsequently Added Clips option, indicated by a + sign at the top of the Clip List

How can you identify group membership of tracks in the Mix window?

- When a track is a member of an active group, its Group ID displays the active group name with a lowercase letter - The Group ID displays in the Group ID Indicator just above the pan controls in the Mix window

Which Pro Tools timescales are absolute? Which are relative? What is the difference between absolute and relative timescales?

- absolute: samples, min:sec, timecode, feet+frames - relative: bars|beat => conductor rulers - absolute sub-division has specific duration in time regardless of tempo. relative subdivision duration depends on musical tempo

What is the purpose of MIDI Merge mode? How can you perform a MIDI Merge recording while looping?

- add midi data to existing midi clip - cant loop record w MIDI merge but u can do it using loop playback - to do so: deselect loop record, enable loop playback (options > loop playback or Cmd shift L). then click midi merge. then select record range. then record

What does the MIDI Thru option do? How is it enabled?

- allows incoming MIDI data to pass through a track to its MIDI output. lets you play MIDI instruments via ProTools and monitor them - Options menu

After enabling a track for Elastic Audio, how would you enable the track to update dynamically to match any subsequent tempo changes you make in the session?

- apply tick based timing by clicking on the timebase selector (lower left of track head) and select ticks. - disable the tempo ruler in transport window by clicking on tempo ruler enable button - click in the tempo field and type/scroll in a new tempo value or Make sure the track is in ticks and go to Clip>Conform to tempo

What are some of the different options available for viewing data on MIDI and Instrument tracks in the Edit window? What kinds of operations can you perform in each view?

- clips view (default): arranging, assembling MIDI clips - notes view( put edit cursor over track and press control + minus): editing MIDI as small individual segments in piano roll style - velocity view( click show/hide lane button - the square- at head of track): note attack velocity stalks - volume, pan, and controller graph view: automation playlist and CC line graphs with series of editable break points

Why might you want to render a MIDI performance as audio What are some available options for rendering a virtual instrument's output to an audio file?

- enable audio editing and processing options that aren't available for MIDI (fades or AudioSuite) or to conserve processing resources - drag and drop MIDI clip from Instrument track to Audio track (both tracks gotta be same in terms of mono/stereo) OR activate Track Freeze button (snowflake icon, appears in same track, less processing power but cant edit frozen track)

How can you select a range of MIDI notes using the on-screen keyboard?

- hold shift while navigating through notes using tab to transient or left/right arrow

Where are the MIDI input and output controls located for MIDI tracks in the Mix window? Where are they located for Instrument tracks?

- located in the Instruments view at top of Mix window (view > mix window > instruments) - same as above

How do audio clips respond to tempo changes on a sample-based track? How do they respond if you change the track to tick-based (without using elastic audio)?

- sample-based audio clip doesn't change according to tempo - tick-based midi tracks change speed up/ slow down to accommodate tempo changes - the start of tick based audio track snap to grid

How can you cycle through alternate takes from playlists? How can you audition takes from playlists while cycling through them?

- select current take => Cmd + Shift + Up/Down to move to previous/next. Home icon appears for original take - start playback then cycle

Describe some different ways of deleting notes on a MIDI or Instrument track. What track views allow you to delete notes?

- select notes in notes / velocity view => either edit>clear or press delete key - in notes view & using pencil tool => hold option to make pencil tool an eraser, click a note to delete it - double clicking on notes w Grabber or Pencil to delete them

What process can be used to transpose MIDI notes? What modifier can you use to transpose a selection up or down by an octave at a time?

- select notes/ several notes and press up or down arrow to transpose chromatically - or hold control + up/down to transpose diatonically in key - hold shift + press up/ down to transpose whole octaves

What are some of the differences between MIDI continuous controller data and Pro Tools audio automation?What kind of tracks can Pro Tools audio automation be used on (Audio, MIDI, Instrument, Aux Input)?

-Audio information provides higher resolution than MIDI continuous controller automation -Although an audio track can have multiple alternate playlists, the tracks single automation playlist applies to all of the playlists for that track -Alternate playlists within a MIDI or Instrument track are separate and have their own continuous controller automation - Audio automation can be used on Audio, Instrument, and Aux Input tracks

Describe the process of creating a clip loop. What are some of the options available in the Clip Looping dialog box?

-Select clip/clip group, choose Clip > Loop - Clip Looping dialog box: select either --Number of loops --Loop length (loop duration) -- loop until end of the session or next clip options --(optional) select enable crossfade create/edit crossfades -click ok in dialog box

What are some options for making selections or subset clips available outside of the current session? What is the purpose of using the Capture command when exporting clips?

-You can use the Consolidate Clip command -Make a selection encompassing the target audio. -Choose Edit > Consolidate Clip. A new whole-file clip will be created from your selection, and the new clip will be selected in the Clip List -From here, you can copy the file to an FX library or other directory location -The Consolidate Clip command replaces the original track selection with the new parent file. This can disturb an original, unedited clip by creating unwanted separations. If you don't want to disturb your original audio playlist, use the Capture command followed by the Export Clips as Files command

Describe three ways to set the pre- and post-roll values. What modifier do you use to set pre- and post-roll by clicking in a track playlist?

1. Transport window: view > transport > expanded > click pre-roll field & enter value > slash on numeric keyboard > enter value in post-roll field > return/enter 2. Playlist: link timeline & edit selection > option click to set pre & post roll 3. Timebase ruler: just drag the flags. option drag to drag both flags same amount

What are some ways to open a recently used project or session on a system?

1. file => open recent 2. file => create new or file => open project to see dashboard then click on "Recent" in left sidebar

What shortcut operation can you use to add an individual Audio track to your session?

1. if the last created track is an audio track, u can double click in the mix window to the right of existing tracks or in the edit window below tracks or in the space below tracks in track list 2. Cmd + Double click or Ctrl => double click

What are some of the functions that you can perform using a Workspace browser?

1. search across mounted drives using file properties 2. audition audio files 3. elastic audio to match audio to session tempo 4. drag & drop files into session

Name some areas of focus available for Workspace browsers in Pro Tools.

1. sound libraries (loops & samples) 2. volumes ( storage drive) 3. session (current opened Protools document) 4. track presets 5. catalogs (user-created file collection) 6. user ( current user's home directory)

Describe at least three different ways to make a selection for recording.

1. use clip to make timeline selection (select timeline & edit selections linked, use grabber tool to click a clip or shift click multiple) 2. selection during playback( start playback, press down to start selection, press up to end selection) 3. dragging timeline selection points (blue/red arrows) 4. use markers to make selection (click one then shift click another -- on ruler, in the window, numeric keyboard)

How many inserts are available on a track in Pro Tools? Why is it important to consider the order in which inserts are arranged on a track?

10 inserts Pro Tools processes inserts in a series, therefor inserts should be processed in an appropriate sequence to maximize the desired effect for your signal chain

How many sends are available on a track in Pro Tools?

10 sends available per track

What are the default tempo and meter for all Pro Tools Sessions?

120 bpm and 4/4

Pro Tools provides 960 ticks per quarter note; how many ticks does it provide per half note? How many per eighth note?

1920 and 480

What options are available for changing the display of the Mix and Edit windows? What are some of the optional views available in each window?

A 1. Choose it in view menu 2. View selectors 3. right click label for any displayed view B Edit 1. comments 2. mic preamps 3. instruments 4. Sends/inserts 5. I/O 6. Real time property 7. track color Mix 1. mic preamp 2. instrument 3. HEAT 4. inserts 5. sends 6.EQ curve 7.meters and fader 8. I/O 9. Delay compensation 10. track color 11. comment

How can you audition files from a browser? How can you audition them in context with your session?

A. - select audio file in workpace and press spacebar. press again to stop. Make sure spacebar toggles file preview is selected in Browser pop up menu - or select audio file click preview button. click again to stop - or click the play icon to left of waveform display - click anywhere in waveform display to playback mid-file B. 1. enable Audio Files Conform to Session Tempo (metronome button) in browser tool bar. 2. right click on metronome icon & select Elastic Audio processor 3. place insertion point in the session u wanna preview it at 4. activate preview using any audition method - press [0] on numeric keypad then press spacebar to preview with session

How can you easily show or hide tracks in Pro Tools? What is the difference between hiding a track and deleting a track?

A. In Track List, click Track Show/Hide icon ( lil black dot next to name) B. Hiding track doesn't delete it it just wont show in Edit & Mix window but still plays back. Delete is bye no playback.

What is the difference between Absolute and Relative Grid modes? When would you use each?

Absolute grid: moving any clip or midi note snaps to clip point to nearest grid boundary. Ideal for staying on the beat. Relative grid: clips/midi notes moved by Grid units, offset relative to nearest beat. Ideal for syncopation, or instruments that have delayed attacks

What are some ways that the Grabber tool can be used to edit an automation playlist?How would you go about Nudging automation breakpoints?

Add a new breakpoint → click the GRABBER tool anywhere on the line graph Move a breakpoint → click on an existing point and drag it to a new position Delete a breakpoint → option+click on an existing point - Select the target range of breakpoints to nudge - Choose a nudge increment from the NUDGE VALUE POP-UP menu in the Edit window toolbar - From the numeric keypad, pres the [+] key to nudge the breakpoints later (to the right) or the [-] key to nudge them earlier (to the left) in the track

What views are available for working with Elastic Audio enabled tracks? What is each view used for?

Analysis view- Lets you edit Event markers on a track, to clean up transients Warp view- manipulates clips/adjusts timing of audio events with warp markers. You can also create and edit warp markers to correct timing.

Describe the track icon used for the following track types in the Mix Window: Audio, Aux Input, MIDI, Instrument, and Master Fader.

Audio (Waveform) Aux (Down Arrow) MIDI (5 Pin Connector) Instrument (Keyboard) Video track (none displayed in Mix window) VCA (Faders) Folder (file folder) Master Fader (Sigma) Greek Letter

Do AudioSuite plug-ins provide real-time processing or non-real-time processing?When might you use AudioSuite processing instead of a plug-in insert?

AudioSuite is non-real-time processing, instead it's file based (renders results to files on disk). Chosen to preserve real-time processing resources, can be applied to a selected portion of a track and can be written into a file for use outside of the session.

What are some common automation graphs that you may work with? How might automation graphs be different from types of parameters, with respect to the available vertical positions?

Automation graphs: Volume graph, Pan graph, Mute graph Some graphs have a continuum of possible vertical breakpoint positions (such as a volume graph); others may have only five or six discrete options (such as an EQ type graph), while some have only two choices (such as a Mute graph)

What selector can you use to set the automation mode for a track? Where is this selector located?

Automation mode selector, located in both the mix and the edit windows

What are two ways to display an automation playlist in the edit window? How do you display automation and controller lanes for a track?

Automation playlist in Main track view: - In the edit window, click on TRACK VIEW SELECTOR for the target track - Choose automation type from the pop-up menu - In the edit window, click the square SHOW/HIDE LANES button at the head of the track. The track's Volume automation playlist (audio tracks) or Velocity view (MIDI and Instrument tracks) will display in a lane below the track - Click AUTOMATION TYPE selector and select the automation type you want to view from the pop-up menu - If desired, click the ADD LANE button to view additional automation lanes

What kind of track is traditionally used as a submix destination?

Aux Input Track

What is the difference between a Basic Folder track and a Routing Folder track?Which kind is useful for submixing?

Basic Folder Track: - a holding container for other tracks -- used for organizational purposes, NOT for submixing, group processing, or routing control over a group of tracks - Provide Mute and Solo controls, which mute and solo all constituent tracks when activated -- but they have NO controls to affect volume, panning, routing, or signal processing Routing Folder Track: - Useful for submixing - Also used as a container for other tracks -- but constituent tracks CAN be routed to a parent Routing Folder track, allowing the Folder track to affect the submixed signal - Has all the properties of an Aux Input track, with the added convenience of Folder track behavior

How is cutting automation data different from deleting automation data?

Both options will remove the selected breakpoints but the Cut command will add breakpoints to the start and end of the selections, while the Delete key will not

Why is it important to select the audio interface you want to use prior to creating or opening a session? What dialog box can you use for this purpose?

Changing audio devices with the session open will cause the session to automatically save and close. You can use the Playback Engine dialog box to select the audio interface. Setting this up first will also help ensure that the I/O settings match when you create or open a PT document.

What are the steps involved in creating a session archive? Why is it important to use the Save Copy In command before compacting sound files?

Clear all unused files from the session without permanently deleting any audio, create a copy of the session including all necessary parent files, compact the parent files to eliminate unused portions of the files Using Save Copy In can ensure that all of the files needed for the archive are copied into the corresponding Audio Files and Video Files folders. This will also protect the original files against accidental data loss

How can you quickly select all members of a group?

Click in the column to the left of a group name.

How would you go about enabling Elastic Audio on a track?

Click on the Elastic Audio Plug-In Selector at the head of an audio track and select a plug-in (Polyphonic, rhythmic, monophonic, Varispeed, X-form)

What operations can you use to edit existing fades on a track playlist?

Click on the fade graphic with the Grabber tool and drag it to a new position. Select the fade with the grabber or selector tool and nudge it forward or backward using the plus or mind keys on a numeric keypad. - Or use the smart tool to grab and trim. You can increase/decrease the length of a fade using the Trimmer tool in a track playlist. You can delete a fade by selecting it with the Grabber tool and then pressing DELETE in a track playlist. - Or select across multiple fades, and choose Edit>Fades> Delete

How can you sign in to your Avid Master Account when starting work in Pro Tools? What is required to sign in to your account?

Click the Sign In button in the top right corner of the Dashboard, enter the username and password and click the Sign In button. Active Internet connection is required to sign in.

Explain the difference between applying AudioSuite processing as 'Clip by Clip' vs 'Entire Selection'.

Clip by Clip: analyzes each clip in a selection individually, Entire selection: analyzes an entire selection as if it were one clip

What is the keyboard shortcut to create a Mix or Edit group from selected tracks?

Command/Ctrl + G

What are some of the uses of a Master Fader? How can you assign a Master Fader to the desired output or bus?

Control and process output mixes Monitor and meter an output level (e.g., a bus or hardware output) to guard against clipping Control submix levels Control effects and send levels Control levels on submasters (bussed tracks) Apply dither or other inserts to all tracks sent to a common output or bus Select the desired output or bus from the I/O Setup dialog box

How can you delete individual breakpoints in an automation graph? What modifier can you use to clear the automation across automation graphs for a track?

Delete using Option+click with the GRABBER tool With the automation graph you wish to clear displayed, do one of the following to select the entire graph: - Triple-click on the automation graph with the Selector tool OR - Place the Edit cursor on the automation graph and press COMMAND+A (Mac) or CTRL+A (Windows) - Press the DELETE key on the keyboard or choose EDIT>CLEAR

When is it necessary to apply dither? Where should you insert a dither plug-in?

Dither optimizes dynamic range when reducing bit depth. Inserted on master fader.

What are some ways to improve the quality of audio that has been warped with Elastic Audio processing?

Edit event markers in analysis view for timing accuracy, and switch to X-Form processing after all manipulations to improve the quality

What are some of the parameters that are affected by Edit groups? What are some of the parameters that can be included in a Mix group?

Edit groups: Track views, track heights, track timebase settings, elastic Audio plug-in assignments, Audio and MIDI editing functions, Playlist views, Selection-based processing, and automation editing functions Mix groups: Main volume level, track panning, automation mode settings, track mute settings, record enables, send levels, send panning, send mute settings, insert controls (plug-ins)

How can you prevent a "return" track from muting when one of the source tracks is soloed? What modifier key is used to enable this function?

Enable Solo Safe mode on the "return" track. COMMAND-Click (Mac) or CTRL-Click (windows) on the SOLO button on a track.

What is meant by Event Confidence? How can Event Confidence be used to eliminate false transients when applying TCE processing on Elastic Audio-enabled tracks?

Event Confidence levels are based on the clarity of the transient (more confident for sharp transients, less confident for legato transients).

Name the three types of Elastic Audio markers. What are the differences between them?

Event marker- Visible in warp and analysis view, displayed as solid black lines Tempo Event-generated Warp Marker- Warp view only, cannot directly edit them on a track. Shown as gray lines with a diamond on top, indicate where elastic audio processing has been applied due to tempo events, and only occur on tick-based tracks. Warp Marker - Anchor audio to the timeline, only in warp view, displayed as thick black lines with a triangle at the base, functioning as pushpins to manipulate audio relative to those points.

What is the effect of quantizing a selection on an Elastic Audio-enabled track? What happens to the Event markers within the selection?

Event markers closest to the specified quantize grid are promoted to Warp markers and are moved to the quantize grid. This works best for audio with clear transients.

What are some options for previewing crossfades in the Fades dialog box?

Fade Curves Only: displays fade curves without audio waveform Fade Curves and Separate Waveform: displays fade curves along with separate view of the fade-in and fade-out waveform Fade Curves with Superimposed waveforms: displays fade curves along with color-coded view of the fade-in and fade-out waveforms, superimposed on one another. Fade Curves and Summed Waveform: displays fade curves along with a single waveform representing the summation of the cross faded audio Zoom in and Zoom out buttons: scale the waveform amplitude up or down

Which type of plug-in effects are generally used on inserts? Which are generally used on sends? Why?

Gain-based processors are generally used on inserts Time-based processors are generally used on sends. Gain-based processors are typically assigned to each track individually while time-based processors are often shared using a send and return setup. Gain-based processors are also generally applied to the entire signal (100% wet) whereas time-based processors are typically mixed together with a dry signal.

What dialog box can you use to rename signal paths?

I/O Set up dialog box

How can you specify which I/O settings Pro Tools will use when creating a new session from the Dashboard?

I/O Settings pop-up menu in Dashboard

Are inserts pre-fader (applied before the fader section affects the signal level passing through the track) or post-fader on Audio tracks, Instrument tracks, and Aux Input tracks? Are inserts any different on Master Fader tracks? Explain.

Inserts are pre-fader on Audio tracks, Instrument tracks and Aux Input tracks Inserts on Master tracks are post-fader

what can elastic audio tempo detection determine about an audio file? what are some conditions that cause no tempo to be detected?

It can determine transient events with Event markers, and can analyze the tempo. If there is only one transient (one shot snare hit), or tempo changes/irregular rhythm, tempo won't be detected.

Why is it important to have accurate Event markers in your clips when applying Quantize operations on Elastic Audio-enabled tracks?

It can falsely quantize events that are not rhythmically correlated or degrade the audio quality, especially if there are too many event markers

Why is it important to consider the Handle Length setting when processing with an AudioSuite plug-in? What types of processing might be affected by AudioSuite handles?

It can impact the results of gain-based processing (normalization/compression) or time-based effects (reverb and delay). It is applied when Processing input and output modes are set to Clip by Clip and Create continuous file, respectively. If Input mode is set to Entire selection instead, handles are applied using only the audio exposed within the selected clips, not to any underlying audio.

What is the H/W Buffer size setting in the Playback Engine box used for? What kinds of tracks are affected by this setting?

It determines the number of samples passed from the audio interface to the CPU for host-based processing tasks, affecting the latency. It can impact the processing power for plug-ins and virtual instruments on record-enabled or input-monitored tracks, if the the buffer size is lowered.

What will be the result if you copy automation (Edit > Copy) from a track displaying the volume automation graph and paste the automation (Edit > Paste) on a track displaying Pan automation?

It will copy it back onto the volume automation track unless you use Paste Special Mode

What is the purpose of Layered Editing mode? How can Layered Editing be enabled or disabled?

Layered Editing is enabled to preserve underlying clips when clips are overlapped, for both audio and MIDI clips. Choose Options > Layered editing, then click layered editing buttion in edit window toolbar.

How would you go about creating a loop from several separate clips on a track that you want to have repeat as a unit?

Looping can't be applied to multiple clips on the same track, so you need to create a clip group from the selection.

What are some differences between Real-Time properties view in the Edit Window and the Real-Time properties floating window? Which allows you to apply clip-based Real-Time Properties?

MIDI RTP View is available at the head of MIDI and Instrument tracks in the Edit window and applies to whole tracks. It allows real time changes to the whole MIDI track at once. MIDI RTP Floating Window allows you to apply Real-Time changes to selected tracks or to specific Clips of MIDI. It also allows you to audition a real-time change before committing it to the track.

What feature lets you apply changes to a MIDI performance without permanently altering the underlying MIDI data on a track?

MIDI Real Time Properties

What types of tracks and clips are affected by Real-Time Properties?

MIDI and Instrument Tracks only, and MIDI Clips

What are some of the different types of media you can import into Pro Tools (in addition to audio files)?

MIDI, video, clip group, session data

What menu command would you choose to open a Fades dialog box? What is the associated keyboard shortcut?

Make a selection across a clip boundary, then choose EDIT > Fades > Create Or Cmd + F (Mac) / Ctrl +F (PC) Or double click on an editing fade shape with the Grabber tool.

What is the effect of enabling the PRE button in a Send window? What is the effect of enabling the FMP (Follow Main Pan) button?

Makes the send level independent of the track's output fader position (makes the send signal pre-fader) Links the Send pan to the Main pan for the track, allowing for fast setup of cue mixes or effects processing

What level does a send default to when it is first created? How can you change this default?

Negative infinity setup > preferences > mixing > disable send default to -INF

What is noise shaping used for in a dither plug-in? How is noise shaping used by the POW-r dither plug-in?

Noise shaping helps improve the signal-to-noise ratio of dither The POW-r dither noise shaping improves audio performance and reduces the perceptible noise inherent in dither by shifting noise components into a less audible range, comes in 3 types: Type 1: flattest frequency spectrum in the audible range of frequencies, generally recommended for solo instrument recordings and spoken-word recordings Type 2: has a psychoacoustically optimized noise-shaping curve, recommended for material with moderate stereophonic complexity and is often suitable for rock and pop music Type 3: has a psychoacoustically optimized high-order noise-shaping curve, suited to material with a broad dynamic range, such as classical and orchestral music, but can also be effective for rock and pop music

How can you copy a send from one track to another track and duplicate its settings? What considerations might apply?

OPTION-CLICK (Mac) or ALT-CLICK (Windows) on a SEND ASSIGNMENT button and drag it to a new position - When moving or copying a stereo send from a mono track to a stereo track, any existing Send pan automation will be dropped without warning - When moving or copying a stereo send from a stereo track to a mono track, the left Send pan position/automation data is retained and the right pan data is dropped - When moving or copying a send and replacing an existing send, all automation on the existing send will be replaced

How can you enable or disable a track group? How can you globally suspend all groups? How can you visually tell when groups have been suspended?

One group: In the Group List, click the name of a group to enable/disable the group. The group names become highlighted when the group is enabled (active) and becomes unhighlighted when disabled (inactive) All groups: Click on the Group list Pop-Up selector at the top of the Group List and choose Suspend All Groups OR Press Command/Ctrl + Shift + G When groups are suspended, the Group List will be dimmed

What modifier key can you use to audition a clip in the Clip List?

Option-click (Mac) or Alt-click(Windows) on the name of the clip in the clip list to audition.

What is the difference between an Output send and a Bus send? When would you use each?

Output send - routes signal out of your audio interface through an external processor, and back into your audio interface to return the processed audio to Pro Tools Bus send - uses an internal mix bus to route a signal to an Aux Input in your session where it is processed by a plug-in

What are two ways to apply Elastic Audio pitch transposition? What are some applications for using each option?

Pitch shifting with Elastic properties window: With a selected clip, go to Clip > Elastic properties and adjust the pitch shift. Useful for applying a pitch shift in semitones or cents, useful for modifying melodies, transposing or retuning performances. Transpose window: Using Event > Event Operations> Transpose, useful for trasnposition across multiple tracks including MIDI. Only in Octaves and Semitones.

What dialog box can you use to access the available options for your connected audio interface?

Playback Engine

What is required to import and arrange multiple video clips on a Video track?

ProTools Ultimate

Which real-time elastic audio processor typically works best for drums? Which typically works best for vocals?

Rhythmic works best for drums (clear transients), while Monophonic is best for vocals (monophonic material).

What processes can you use to route the outputs of a set of tracks to a destination track?

Routing with Busses - Click on the track's Input, Output, or Send selector Select the desired internal mix bus from the Bus submenu Routing to an existing track - Click on the Output or Send selector on the source track Select Track from the pop-up menu and choose the desired destination track from the submenu - A bus will be assigned, routing the signal from the output or send of the source track to the input of the destination track Routing to a New track - Click on the Output or Send selector on the source track Select New Track from the pop-up menu. The New Track dialog box will appear - Configure the track parameters and enter a name for the track - Click Create. A new track will be created and a bus will be assigned, routing the signal from the output or send of the source track to input of the new track

Where can you assign the color-coding that Pro Tools will automatically apply for tracks and clips? How can you display track color bars in the Mix and Edit window?

SETUP> PREFERENCES> DISPLAY - (opens a dialogue box) > choose an option under Default Track Color Coding> Click okay *The default setting for Tracks is "Track Type" *The default setting for Clips is "Tracks and MIDI Channels" To display the color bars in the Edit or Mix windows, choose: VIEW > EDIT WINDOW VIEWS > TRACK COLOR Or VIEW> MIX WINDOW VIEWS> TRACK COLOR

Are sends pre-fader or post-fader on Audio tracks, Instrument tracks, and Aux Input tracks? Explain.

Sends can be either pre-fader (send level is unaffected by the channel fader level) or post-fader (send level changes with the channel fader level) * Note: Master Faders contain no sends because Master Faders are the end-destinationin a given signal path. Signal is sent to them, not from them.

What are some options available in the Track List pop-up menu?

Show all tracks, show selected tracks, show only certain types of track (audio midi etc), vice versa for hide. Also restore previously shown tracks

What are the two ways that the Trim tool can be used to edit a clip loop?

Standard trim tool: - if tool is in main part of clip, entire clip loop can be trimmed in or out -if tool is in line with a Loop icon, source clip and all iterations will be trimmed Loop Trim tool: - click and hold trim tool button and select loop from pop up menu - bypasses Clip>Loop dialog box, creates loop iterations on top half of clip

What is the difference between standard view and expanded view for sends? What keyboard modifier can you use to toggle between view modes by clicking a Send selector?

Standard view shows the destination while expanded view shows the assigned levels and pan and allows you to choose pre/post fader View modes can be toggled by selecting VIEW > EXPANDED SENDS COMMAND-CLICK (Mac) or CTRL-CLICK (Windows) on a Send selector

What are some of the track status indicators available in the Edit window? Describe at least three.

Task Manager Status Indicator → lights up and shows a rotating animation whenever a background task is in progress Clicking on the Task Manager Status indicator will open the Task Manager window, where you can view, pause, or cancel background tasks Freeze Indicator → lights blue when any track is frozen When lit, OPTION-CLICKING (Mac) or ALT-CLICKING (Windows) on the icon will unfreeze all frozen tracks Solo Indicator → lights yellow when any track is soloed Clicking the lit indicator will clear all soloed tracks in the session Mute Indicator → lights orange when any track in the session is muted Does not clear mutes when clicked

What is a Telescoping Warp? How does it differ from an Accordion Warp? From a Range Warp?

Telescoping- can be applied to any waveform that doesn't contain Warp Markers (works on sample and tick-based tracks), allows you to stretch or compress the entire waveform of a clip relative to its start or end point Accordion Warp- Applies elastic audio processing on both sides of a single Warp marker in a clip, to expand/compress audio equally on both sides Range Warp- applies elastic audio processing between two fixed points in a clip, relative to one another

How is the Do-To-Selected function useful? What keyboard modifier set is used to access Do-To-Selected functionality?

The Do-To-Selected function is useful for simultaneously performing an action across a subset of tracks in a session, accessed with Option/Alt + Shift

How can you visually determine whether the Inverse Pan option is enabled for a send? What button(s) will be highlighted?

The LINK icon and the INVERSE PAN (double-sided arrow) icon will be highlighted

What is the Librarian menu used for in a plug-in window? What is displayed in the Librarian menu when you first assign a plug-in?

The Librarian menu lets you select from available presets for the current plug-in <Factory Default> is displayed in the Librarian menu when you first assign a plug-in because when a plug-in is assigned, it will have no preset selected

What is the purpose of the quantize function in ProTools? What are some different ways to apply quantization?

The Quantize function is typically used to snap tick-based material (MIDI data, Elastic Audio Clips) to a user-defined grid in order to increase rhythmic accuracy of the performance. Quantization can be done in Pro Tools in a number of ways: a. Input Quantization (EVENT > Event Operations > Input Quantize) - Quantize MIDI during recording. b. Post-Post-Performance Quantization (EVENT > Event Operations > Quantize) or Option + 0 [Zero] (mac) or Alt " " (Pc) c. Utilizing MIDI Real-Time Properties (Event > MIDI Realtime Properties)

What functions are available with the Smart Tool? How can you access the Selector with the Smart Tool active? How can you access the Grabber?

The Smart Tool combines the functionality of the Selector Tool, Trim Tool and Grabber Tool. You can move, trim, select clips within one tool. You can also create fades with the Smart Tool. Press any two keys between F6 to F8 simultaneously. Moving your cursor to the top half of a clip activates the Selector Tool. Moving your cursor to the bottom half of a clip activates the Grabber Tool. Moving the clip to the center boundaries of a clip activates the Trim Tool.

What are the advantages of using Touch or Latch mode over using Write mode? In what scenarios would you use Latch mode? When would it make more sense to use Touch mode instead?

These modes allow you to write automation only to parameters that are changed rather than to all enabled parameters, allowing you to be more selective when automating a mix Latch mode: - Setting a parameter for a long section of a mix - Initial automation pass - Setting levels for different parts of the song (intro, verse, chorus, etc.) Touch mode: - Touching up a small section of existing automation such as boosting a vocal for a specific line or word

What does the 'Use In Playlist' button do in the AudioSuite plug-in window? How can you tell when this option is active?

This controls whether the processed audio will replace the selection on the track (if enabled, processed audio will appear on track playlist)

What happens to clip loops when you choose the Clip > Ungroup All command?

This unloops and ungroups a clip loop with nested material down to its individual loops: loop iterations are flattened and all clip groups are ungrouped to the lowest nested level.

What are some options for modifying or deleting a group?

To modify a group, do ONE of the following: - Choose Modify Groups from the Group List pop-up menu - OR In the Mix window, click the Group ID indicator on a track and choose Modify from the Group ID indicator pop-up menu - OR Right-click on a group name in the Group List and choose Modify from the pop-up menu Then, the Modify Groups dialog box will open: - In the dialog box, choose the Group ID for the group that you want to update - Modify the group name, type, options, and track membership for the selected group as desired. - Choose additional Group IDs, and modify each as needed - Click OK to update groups To delete a single group, do ONE of the following: - In the Mix window, click the Group ID indicator on a track and choose Delete from the Group ID indicator pop-up menu - OR Right-click on the group name in the Group List and choose Delete from the pop-up menu To delete multiple groups: - In the Group List, activate the groups you wish to delete so that they are highlighted. All groups you wish to keep should be inactive (not highlighted) - From the Group List pop-up menu, choose Delete Active Groups - The Delete Groups Warning dialog box will appear - To proceed, click Delete. The active groups will be deleted from the Group List. To make your remaining groups active again, click the desired group names so they become highlighted

What are some of the parameters you can automate in Pro Tools?

Track Controls: - Volume, Pan, and Mute on Audio tracks, MIDI and Instrument tracks, and Aux Inputs - Volume controls and Master Faders Send Controls: - Send Volume, Send Pan, and Send Mute: - All Plug-In Controls

What is the purpose of grouping tracks? How many track groups can you create in a session?

Track grouping functions link tracks and their controls, allowing you to manipulate any set of tracks as a group. Can create up to 104 groups, in four banks of 26 Group IDs (a through z)

When would you use each?

Use an Output send to add effects using an external device; use a Bus send to add effects using a plug-in

What are some ways to add Warp markers to a clip? List at least three.

Using Grabber tool - ctrl+click (Mac) or start+click(windows) at desired points with grabber tool in Warp view, OR Double click on an Event market with grabber tool to convert to a warp marker Pencil Tool- Clicking anywhere in a clip with the Pencil tool adds a warp marker, also allows for repositioning Using a selection- Make edit selection across a clip(s), right click in selection and choose Add Warp Marker, will place them at start and end of selections

Where are warp indicators displayed? What are they used for?

Warp indicators (symbol on upper right hand corner of clip) show when elastic audio processing has been applied to a clip.

What is the purpose of quantizing audio clips? How is this different from quantizing Elastic Audio?

When audio clips are quantized, only their start (sync) points will snap to a GRID or GROOVE GRID points. This can be helpful for aligning an audio clip with other MIDI clips. When Elastic Audio clips are quantized, the event/warp markers that are present will be promoted to warp markers and then snap to the chosen GRID or GROOVE GRID points.

What is the purpose of the All group? Can you modify track membership or delete this group?

When the All group is active, it overrides all other groups in the session, combining all tracks in the session into a single large group -- useful for applying global changes to all tracks in the session Membership in the All group CANNOT be modified, nor can the group be deleted

How can you create fades with the Smart Tool? How can you specify the fade curves that the Smart Tool applies?

When the Smart Tool is enabled and the cursor is on the top corner boundary of a clip, the tool will change to Fade mode. Fade In: go from the top corner and drag right from the start of a clip. Fade out: from the top corner of the clip end boundary, drag left. Crossfade: place the cursor near a clip boundary, close to the bottom of two adjacent clips, and drag left or right. To customize fades: double click on a previously created fade with the Grabber Tool to access the Fades Dialogue window.

What is the difference between removing clips versus moving to trash or deleting clips using the Clear command in the Clip List?

When you remove a clip from a session, the parent audio file remains on disk and can be used elsewhere in the session (by subset clips) or in other sessions When you move an audio file to the trash or delete it, all clips referencing that file are also removed from the session. Moved or deleted files are no longer available for the current session or any other sessions that reference the files

What is the difference between Write, Touch, and Latch automation modes?

Write → automation starts writing for all enabled parameters when playback starts, overwriting any previous automation data. Writing stops for all parameters when playback stops. Touch → Automation starts writing when an enabled parameter is modified. Modified parameters only write automation while being held. When the parameter is released, writing stops and the parameter returns to the previously automated value. Latch → Automation starts writing when an enabled parameter is modified. Modified parameters continue writing automation at the same level after being released. Writing stops when playback stops.

Which elastic audio plug-in provides only rendered processing? When/why would you want to use rendered processing?

X-Form, because it provides a higher quality TCE algorithms than the others. Rendered processing protects from artifacts that often accompany pitch-shifting, and less demanding of resources.

What are some options for saving and recalling fade shapes of configurations in the Fades dialog boxes?

You can recall a fade preset from one of the stored preset slots (1-5) by clicking on the desired number. You can store a fade in one of the preset slots by Cmd (Mac) / Ctrl (PC) + Clicking one of the preset buttons (1-5) You can save a fade shape/setting to the Librarian Menu in the Fades Dialog Window by Clicking on the Librarian menu and choosing SAVE SETTING AS.

When might you suspend automation? What is the difference between the Suspend button and the Write Enable buttons?

You might suspend automation when you want to experiment with the mix without discarding or overwriting any existing automation. Suspend Button → Globally enables or suspends writing and playback of all automation parameters for all tracks in your session. (suspends reading and writing of automation) Write Enable Buttons → Enable or disable writing for the corresponding automation parameter across all tracks in your session. Enable or suspend writing of automation only; they have no effect on automation playback

What are alternate playlists in Pro Tools? How can playlists be useful when recording multiple takes?

alt playlist is a separate instance of recorded track. can be auditioned or comped into 1 take when track has alt playlists, the track playlist selector goes blue

Where are changes to Pro Tools I/O settings saved? Are they stored in the session or on the system?

any changes made will be saved on System as Last Used I/O Settings (so you can open the same I/O in different sessions). I/O settings are also saved within each session and project document.

What types of clips can be grouped together as a clip group? Can clips of different types be combined into a single clip group?

any clip can be grouped. Audio, MIDI, Instrument, Video. Tick base or Sample base ok. yes.

What timebase do Audio tracks default to? MIDI Tracks? Instrument Tracks?

audio - sample, MIDI and Instrument - tick

What Preferences setting do you need to use to enable automatic playlist creation when Loop Recording?

automatically create new playlist when loop recording

What are some available destinations when importing audio from a Workspace browser or Soundbase?

clip list, existing tracks, new tracks

What keyboard shortcut can you use to toggle Pre/Post Roll on and off?

cmd K

What modifier key would you hold while clicking on a ruler to add a meter or tempo change to your session?

control (Mac) or start (Window)

What setting normally determines the Default Note Duration when adding notes with the Pencil tool? How can this setting be changed?

current grid value. to set this: 1. click Default Note Duration selector in Edit Window toolbar (down arrow near pencil) > select value // Or select Follow Grid & set grid values 2. to specify dotted/ triplet note values, click selector a second time to select those values

What main menu provides access to the Tempo Operations window? What is the purpose of the Linear page in the Tempo Operations window?

event => tempo operations => tempo operations window to create tempos that change evenly over a selected range of time

What command allows you to import entire tracks from another Pro Tools session into your current session?

file => import => session data OR option + Shift + I OR alt + Shift + I

What are some of the features enabled by Pro Tools| Ultimate software?

higher track counts, hardware options to expand available I/O, full surround mixing, advanced automation, video editing

What kind of icon is used to indicate a clip group? Where is the icon located?

media type symbol inside of shaded box/container. different icon for each type of group (see fig 2.25 pg 53 in book 69 in adobe). lower left corner of the clip in Edit window.

How many clips are required for a clip group? Can clip groups contain silence?

one or more. and yes.

How can you configure Pro Tools to use a virtual instrument as the sound source for the metronome click? How can you control what notes are played for the accented and unaccented beats?

output pop up menu in the click/countoff options dialog box (setup => click/countoff or double clicking metronome or count off value display) set it in accented fields /unaccented fields

What are some of the functions of the Pencil tool when editing MIDI notes?

pencil tool acts like SmartTool in notes view. Hover over note to turn it into Grabber. Modifiers: Option changes it to Selector tool, Control to Marquee Grabber, Cmd to Velocity Trimmer. Can use this tool to draw note in by clicking where u want. Grid value determines inserted note length drawing velocity

What do the Ungroup and Ungroup All commands do? How would you go about reassembling a clip group after using one of these commands?

return contained clips to original state. when used on nested clip groups, ungroup works in layer. ungroup the topmost clip first and go from there Clip => Regroup

How can you edit MIDI note velocities from the computer keyboard?

select MIDI notes hold cmd > up/down arrows to increase/decrease by 5 units hold cmd shift > up/down to inc/dec by 15 units

How can you configure an audition path in Pro Tools?

set-up => I/O => output => audition path selector => ok

When might you use the Pro Tools Preferences setting called "Send Fully Overlapped Clips to Available Playlist While Recording"? How can you ensure that the original audio gets moved to a playlist when rerecording just a section of the original using this setting?

turn that setting on while recording multiple takes separate original clip at selection/ section boundaries before recording new take

What menu would you use to display Conductor rulers, such as Meter and Tempo? How can you display rulers without using a main menu?

view => rulers or using ruler view selector in edit window