PSB 3842 Sleep and Drams Exam 2

Name the Steps in "The Four-Step Approach" to dream-work as described in your book Innerwork.

*Do NOT copy word for word* The Four-Step Approach is : Associations, Dynamics, Interpretations, Rituals 1. Making Associations: The first step is to form the foundation for interpreting the dream by finding associations that spring out of our unconscious in response to the dream images. Every dream is made up of a series of images, so our work begins with discovering the meanings that those images (—For example, say you dream of the color "blue." What are your associations with blue. Right them all down as they come to you. Blue may bring to mind: cool, detached, my clothes today are blue, sad, "I've got the blues, "blew or blown away", clarity, my blue sweater as a child that grandma gave me, "True blue" honest and faithful. Or you make a "chain" association with "blue." Blue=sad=hospital=Aunt Jean=Apple pie=warm kitchen. In this chain association, you begin with the single word "blue" then you just go with what ever comes to mind with each successive word. This is the "brain-storming" session. Even though it may seem like the associations are meaningless, their true meaning will come as you proceed thru the steps. The association that "clicks" or has the most energy will be the correct one to use for the next step.) 2. Connecting Dream Images to Inner Dynamics: In this second step, we look for and find the parts of our inner-selves that the dream images represent. Start with the literal meaning of the image. To perform this step we go back to the beginning and deal with each image, one at a time (in sequence). For each image ask: "What part of me is that? Where have I seen it functioning in my life lately? Where do I see that same trait in my personality? Who is it, inside me, who feels like that or behaves like that?" Then write down each example you can think of in which that inner part of you has been expressing itself in you life. For example, you may dream of a "fish." What does a fish mean to you? Your associations may have been of eating fish or fishing with your brother. What is a fish? Where does it live? What is the life of a fish like? Then look at the metaphorical meaning of a fish. One example of a fish symbol is as an early Christian symbol. Perhaps the fish is a part of the Christ nature calling to you. We find these dynamics at work inside us that are symbolized by the dream situation. By inner dynamics we mean anything that goes on inside you, any energy system that lives and acts from within you. It may be an emotional event, such as a surge of anger. It may be an inner conflict, an inner personality acting through you, a feeling, an attitude 3. Interpreting: Here, we put together the information we have gleaned in the first two steps and arrive at a view of the dream's meaning when taken as a whole. At this stage you ask questions like: "What is the central, most important message that this dream is trying to communicate to me? What is it advising me to do? What is the overall meaning of the dream for my life?" If you take a ready-made interpretation out of a dream book, it is like wearing someone else's clothing that doesn't really fit you. Throw your dream dictionaries out. Your interpretations should flow naturally from step 1 and 2 (the meaning is from you). As part of your interpretation, you should try to make a simple statement of the one, main idea that the dream communicates. Ask yourself, "What is the single most important insight that the dream is trying to get across to me?" 4. Ritual: Bringing the Dream into the physical world: This step requires a physical act that will affirm the message of the It could be a practical act: As a result of your dream, you may feel that you need to start paying your bills on time or straighten out a relationship that has become confused. Or it may be a symbolic act—a ritual that brings home the meaning of the dream in a powerful way (i.e. creating a painting or drawing, writing a poem, saying a prayer, sending a card to a neglected loved one, or calling them). Simple acts are the most powerful. Ritualizing a dream helps to make the reality of the dream more concrete. It is a powerful statement concerning your respect for the unconscious and desire to participate in this important inner- process.

REM sleep is characterized by which of the following?

A high level of brain activity

What happens after damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus itself?

Animals' activity patterns become less consistent and no longer respond to light and dark cycles.

What is a typical characteristic of insomnia?

Consistently feeling sleepy during the day

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.

False

Olinda is blind; therefore, she does not have circadian rhythms.

False

During sleep, what happens in the brain?

Increased firing by GABA neurons

Which statement is true with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?

It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment.

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?

Its neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves.

Which of these is characteristic of sleep apnea?

Periods without breathing during sleeping

Larisa has REM behavior disorder. What happens to her during REM sleep?

She moves around as if she is acting out her dreams.

After removing all sensory input to the brain, an animal would continue to have periods of sleep and wakefulness.

True

The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.

are more frequent and more vivid in REM sleep

In comparison to NREM dreams, REM dreams ____.

are more likely to include complicated plots

Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon ____.

awakens a sleeping individual

Research found that during REM sleep, activity ____.

increased in both the pons and the limbic system

During REM sleep, the EEG shows ____.

irregular, low-voltage fast waves

Based on research, it has been determined that the human circadian rhythm appears to be ____.

just over 24 hours

The pineal gland releases the ____ hormone, which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms.

melatonin

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because ____.

neurons are becoming more synchronized

The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is ____.

only one of several systems involved in arousal

One part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal is known as the ____.

pontomesencephalon

Charley is currently in Stage 4 sleep. The next stage he will enter will most likely be _____.

stage 3