psy 1

Ellie and Samantha are monozygotic twins who were raised in different families and have never met. What trait could we expect them to have in common?

All of the answer options are correct.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about Cyril, who is a "supertaster"?

He is more likely than others to feel pain when eating very spicy foods.

Rena is pregnant and she is also a heavy consumer of alcohol. If she drinks throughout her pregnancy which of the following describes the most likely impact that drinking will have on her child?

Her baby's abnormalities may include a small head and malformations of the face and limbs.

For Inez to be able to get out of bed in the morning, which of the following must occur at the neural level?

Her terminal buttons have to release neurotransmitters

Which of the following statements about ethical research is FALSE?

It is unethical to observe people in public without their knowledge

In which of the following examples is a person experiencing a state of altered consciousness?

Marion who is asleep in her bed

Richard is researching the biological underpinnings of the advertising notion that "sex sells." To investigate, while an fMRI monitors their subcortical brain activity, men and women view video advertisements that are highly erotic. Which of the following predictions best reflects the likely results of the study?

Men's amygdalae will be more active than women's

You see a newspaper headline that claims that eating pizza is deadly. However, when you read the original scientific article cited in the news, you notice that investigators found a correlation between pizza consumption and death only over a 10-year period. Given what you know about correlation, how would you explain this relationship?

Pizza consumption and death are related somehow, but a correlational study is not able to reveal any kind of causal relationship.

Which of the following distinctions is held by Margaret Floy Washburn, the first graduate student of Edward Titchener?

She was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology, a degree that was conferred by Cornell University

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key questions to ask when thinking critically?

What are the social repercussions of holding this belief?

When you first sit down in a classroom, you may be aware of the humming sound being emitted from the fluorescent lights. After several minutes, you are less aware of this constant auditory stimulus. Your reduction in sensitivity to this noise is an example of sensory

adaptation

A baby who seeks out her caregiver only to then reject her caregiver would likely be classified as having a(n) _____ attachment style

ambivalent

While Captain Montagne is flying the airplane full of passengers from New York to Houston, she engages the autopilot so that the plane will fly itself automatically for a while. The part of your nervous system that is similar to the autopilot of the airplane is the _____ nervous system.

autonomic

Which of the following words means "about a day" and refers to biological patterns that include sleep?

circadian

While walking home, Danny finds a wallet containing $100. he turns in the wallet and money at the police station. He thinks that he did the right thing because it is what his parents and other would have expected him to do. According to Kohlberg, Danny is in the _____ level of moral reasoning.

conventional

Frederick is reading about the ways in which learning can be influenced by different factors. He comes to reasonable conclusions that are supported by the information he gathers. What is Frederick doing?

critical thinking

Katrice is 86 years old. She has never been married, has no children, and lives alone. She has only one or two friends whom she rarely sees, and as she thinks back over her life she realizes tht she never did most of the things she wanted to do. She now is full of regret and feels that she has wasted her life. According to Erikson, Katrice is most likely experiencing the psychosocial crisis of

despair.

Dr. Baylor is talking to her students about what it means for a person to be hypnotized, and how hypnosis happens. "When people are hypnotized," she says, "their awareness is separated from other aspects of their consciousness." Dr. Baylor is explaining the _____ theory of hypnosis.

dissociation

Marco and Lilah are male and female twins born 5 minutes apart. Some people call them "fraternal" twins, but you know that the technical name is _____ twins.

dizygotic

The most important time for the physical development of a baby's spinal cord, brain, and all internal organs is the _____ period

embryonic

Psychologists are scientists who study behavior and mental processes through observation and measurement. What is this approach to understanding psychology called?

empiricism

Shelley has a cold and her nose is stuffed up so she cannot smell anything. It is likely that the cold is reducing Shelley's sense of smell by affecting a structure located deep inside her nasal cavity called the olfactory

epithelium.

When Lydia eats her favorite ice cream, taste receptors convert the chemical molecules into signals transmitted to the brain by the _____ in the process of _____ .

facial nerve; transduction

Devon worked for a major corporation for 20 years but recently switched jobs because she wanted to make a larger contribution to her community and help young people who are disadvantaged. Now she works for a nonprofit organization that promotes public awareness about teenage runaways. According to Erikson, Devon is working through the developmental stage of

generativity versus stagnation.

Zhara has suffered damage to her forebrain and now has great difficulty forming new memories. Which subcortical structure of the forebrain has most likely been damaged?

hippocampus

Bruce used to experience a great deal of euphoria from a small amount of cocaine. Now, however, he must consume a great deal more to get "high" because he is experiencing

increased tolerance

Kerrie is an undergraduate psychology student who is thinking about pursuing a graduate degree in psychology. She works part time and she is very interested in how her company builds morale and helps motivate her coworkers. What subfield of psychology might Kerrie consider to match her interests?

industrial/organizational psychology

Which step of neural communication involves a neuron assessing the signals that it is receiving from other sources?

integration

After using a drug, Joey felt the effects of all three classes of drug: stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens--he felt uplifted and social, he was relaxed, and he experienced vivid taste sensations. Which drug did Joey likely use?

marijuana

After her car accident, Sheila had to be placed on a respirator because she could no longer breathe on her own. Sheila's injuries were most likely located in the part of the brain known as the

medulla

Moira hardly believed Professor Jaeger when he told her that we all have a blind spot in each visual field. The professor explained that blind spots exist because

no rods or cones exist on the spot where the optic nerve attaches to the retina

When you receive touch information it is processed in the somatosensory cortex of your brain, which is located in the _____ lobe

parietal

When listening to her favorite female vocalist, Maggie's auditory system encodes different frequencies at different locations on her basilar membrane. This mechanism for encoding frequency is called

place coding.

Stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens are all types of _____ drugs.

psychoactive

Which psychological school of thought arose from Freud's attempts to understand connections between psychology and physical problems?

psychoanalytic theory

Professor Atlas has a dull ache in his lower back, probably from leaning over his philosophy books for the past several weeks. Which nerve fibers are carrying the pain information to his brain?

slow fibers

When Elaine's hand accidentally touched the hot stove, she quickly pulled it away. She didn't even have to think about it; moving her hand seemed to occur automatically. It is unlikely that this could have been possible without the effective operation of the _____ nervous system?

somatic

You and your girlfriend are watching your favorite movie when you glance over and notice that she's dozed off. You shake her awake but she denies having been asleep. She was probably experiencing _____

stage 1 sleep

Tashina is studying the process of prenatal development and is interested in the way the environment affects a baby's prenatal development. She spends time studying how birth defects can occur in a developing baby due to environmental influences called _____ .

teratogens

Josiah has formed a theory that consumption of sugar makes it difficult for people to fall asleep within one hour. He has designed a study where his hypothesis is that the more sugar people eat, the longer it will take before they can go to sleep. What should Josiah do next?

test his hypothesis

Jacob's father thinks Jacob was born to be a skilled ice skater just like his mother and older sister, but Jacob's mother thinks that his skills and interests come from growing up in a household full of skaters. What long-standing debate is at the heart of the disagreement between Jacob's parents?

the nature/nurture debate

When Lola walks into her favorite Chinese restaurant, she instantly smells delicious food that she cannot wait to taste. As the chemical molecules called odorants enter her nose, they are converted from a physical stimulus to a neural signal in a process called

transduction

When Marcus goes to play golf, he steps up to his ball and swings the club without thinking at all about his technique. Due to years of practice and repetition Marcus has most likely begun to use _____ processes when swinging his golf club

unconscious