PSY 101- Chapter 5 Review Quiz

T OR F- Positive reinforcers increase the probability that a behavior will occur when the reinforcers are removed, and negative reinforcers increase the probability that a behavior will occur when they are applied.

False

T OR F- Telling your young child on Monday that their good behavior will be rewarded on Saturday is more effective than giving them an immediate reinforcer.

False

In the context of reinforcement schedules, if you were only paid for every individual webpage that you create you are being paid on a __________.

Fixed-ratio scheduled

Johnny has always feared going to the dentist as he associated these visits with pain. After repeated visits to the dentist, Johnny also developed the fear of bright lights as he had started associating it with the dentist's cabin. In the given scenario, the development of Johnny's fear of bright lights is due to ________.

High order conditioning

Positive reinforcement _______ the probability of a behavior occurring, and negative reinforcement _______ the probability of a behavior occurring.

Increases, Increases

These neurons fire when an animal observes the behavior of another animal and that behavior stimulates imitative behavior in the first animal.

Mirror Neurons

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Money

Walda's father is a gardener. She has been watching her father work for many years. She now has her own garden. Though she has never been taught the art of gardening, she is very good at it. In this scenario, Walda acquired gardening skills by the process of ________.

Observational Learning

__________ is the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others rather than by means of direct experience.

Observational Learning

Which of the following statements about punishment is TRUE?

Punishment is not another term for negative reinforcement.

In a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is provided after a _________.

Random amount of time has passed

Justin is teaching young children to play soccer. Each time they make a good move, he praises them.. In this scenario, Justin is training the children by _________.

Shaping

Which of the following is true of negative reinforces

They increase the probability that a behavior will occur when they are removed.

T OR F- In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning, salivation of the dog in response to the meat powder is an unlearned or unconditioned response.

True

Prior to conditioning, Michael salivates in response to lasagna placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, the food would be labeled the _____, while Michael salivating would be labeled the _____.

Unconditioned stimulus, Unconditioned Response

Behavior that is rewarded by partial reinforcement is ________ resistant to extinction

more

Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and programmed learning are all applications of__________.

Operant Conditioning

Bethany taught her dog to jump every time she raises her right hand. Later, the dog started jumping even if she raised her left hand. In this scenario, the dog's action of jumping as a response to a similar stimulus is due to a tendency called ________.

Generalization

In Pavlov's experiment, he conditioned his dog to salivate when it was shown a circle. Later, the dog salivated when it was shown other closed geometric figures including squares. Through his experiment, Pavlov demonstrated _________.

Generalization

T OR F- Behavioral psychologists believe learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that arises from practice or experience.

True