PSY 1010 Ch. 11: Social Psychology
Which of the following features was not one that participants were accurate at detecting or determining, based on viewing a photograph, having a brief interaction, or only watching brief video clips?
A person's artistic ability
Blank refers to social behavior whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.
Aggression
The limbic system and the frontal lobes are the brain structures related to which of the following?
Aggression
Which of the following summarizes the evolutionary psychology explanation of altruistic behavior?
Altruism is more likely to occur among family members, so helping a relative also means promoting the survival of the family's genes.
Blank theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are.
Attribution
Modifying attitudes, rationalizing attitudes, and/or changing behavior are all ways to reduce what?
Cognitive dissonance
Blank involves giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self-esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring,
Egoism
Giving aid to another person to ensure reciprocity is called blank
Egoism
Egoism is which of the following?
Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity
How long did it take participants in one research study to form an impression of an unfamiliar face?
Less than a second
What is the term for expectations about a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur?
Self-fulfilling prophecies
If people think that members of a specific group lack ambition, they may treat them in a way that actually brings about a lack of ambition. What does this illustrate?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Several factors that contribute to attraction are noted in the text, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Similarity, Acquaintance, Proximity
Person perception is which of the following?
The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others
What is the definition of social psychology?
The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people
True or false: Kitty Genovese's murder inspired research on peoples' likelihood of helping a person in distress.
True
Social _____ is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.
comparison
A(n) _____ is purposely placed in a study by the experimenter in order to manipulate the situation the participants must engage in.
confederate
Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts that enable us to make blank rapidly.
decisions
Cognitive blank is the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts.
dissonance
A key social emotion in altruism is blank , a person's feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another.
empathy
The blank perspective of reciprocity is to secure the survival of the family's genes, even if the helped individual isn't actually family.
evolutionary
Elaina complained to her best friend that she lost the spelling bee because the judges were unfair and gave her all of the harder words to spell. Elaina is attributing her performance in the spelling bee to a(n) _____ cause.
external
True or false: Acts of kindness may actually lead to negative mood.
false
One theory of aggression suggests that blank (the reaction to the thwarting or blocking of goals) produces anger, leading to a readiness to display blank
frustration, aggression
The blank attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of their personalities rather than aspects of the situation.
fundamental
The _____ may be explained by the fact that when making attributions about someone, the immediate environment is more stable and less attention-grabbing than the observed person's behavior.
fundamental attribution error
The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations when they seek explanations is referred to as ______.
fundamental attribution error
The genetic basis for aggression states that blank are important in understanding the biological basis of aggression.
genes
The role of _____ in aggression is most easily seen in nonhuman animals and the process of selective breeding.
genes
Helping others consistently leads to increased blank mood.
good
In one study, just a 100-millisecond exposure was long enough for participants to form a(n) blank of the unfamiliar individual.
impression
Matt sees a painting that Ben painted and says that the painting is good because Ben is a talented artist. Matt is attributing Ben's work on the painting.to a(n) _____ cause.
internal
Anything that makes us think aggressive thoughts could be associated with aggression. The concept from cognitive psychology is blank: anything that makes something salient to a person.
priming
When considering the factors of attraction identified in the text, there is physical closeness, otherwise known as blank. There is also acquaintance, and blank
proximity, similarity
A person who experiences stereotype ______ is well aware of stereotypical expectations for him or her as a member of a group.
threat
True or false: Many experts insist that TV violence can prompt aggressive or antisocial behavior in children.
true
Lower levels of the neurotransmitter blank have been linked to aggressive behavior.
serotonin
Aggression is social behavior _____.
whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.
Blank comparison is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.
Social
Blank psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
Social
We all adhere to the rules and norms of society to some degree. The fact that we attend work or school clothed, rather than nude, is an example of blank
conformity
The blank learning approach to aggression emphasizes that social and environmental conditions can teach individuals to be aggressive.
social
Blank are evaluations of people behaviors, beliefs, and concepts.
attitude
In the field of social psychology, the term blank describes an opinion or perspective that someone has towards a person, a behavior, a belief or a concept.
attitude
Researchers who take a ____ viewpoint examine the influence of genetics and neurobiological factors on aggression.
biological
Researchers who take a blank viewpoint examine the influence of genetics and neurobiological factors on aggression.
biological
The expectation of reciprocity _____.
can encourage altruism
Aggression, like other social behaviors, has _____ determinant(s).
multiple
Blank aggression involves harming the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors.
Relational
_____ refers to activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors.
Relational aggression
Blank love is also called passionate love and has strong components of sexuality and infatuation.
Romantic
True or false: In a study on physical attractiveness, researchers found that participants rated individual faces as more attractive than faces that were created by averaging up to 32 other faces.
False
The limbic system and the frontal lobes are the brain structures related to the social behavior known as blank
aggression
Hitting, punching, and kicking are examples of blank aggression
overt
High levels of the neurotransmitter blank are associated with prosocial behavior.
oxytocin
When we feel compassion for another person's suffering, areas of the midbrain associated with the perception of _____ are activated.
pain
When we feel compassion for another person's suffering, areas of the midbrain associated with the perception of blank are activated.
pain
Which of the following features were participants accurate at detecting or determining, based on viewing a photograph, having a brief interaction, or only watching brief video clips? (Select all that apply.)
1) A person's romantic interest in the participant 2) A person's propensity for violence 3)A person's sexual orientation
Which of the following neurotransmitters and/or neurohormones are associated with prosocial behavior? (Select all that apply.)
1) Dopamine 2) Oxytocin 3)Serotonin
When are attitudes more likely to guide behavior? (Select all that apply.)
1) When a person is very aware of his or her own attitudes 2) When a person rehearses and practices his or her strong attitudes 3) When a person has strong attitudes
Which of the following are ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? (Select all that apply.)
1)Change the attitude causing the dissonance. 2)Change the behavior causing the dissonance.
Which of the following personality traits are associated with aggression?
1)Low levels of conscientiousness 2)Low levels of agreeableness 3)Callousness 4)Coldness toward others
Which of the following are linked to aggression?
1)Lower levels of serotonin 2)Presence of a weapon 3)Observing others engaging in aggression
Blank , which is a personality trait, is most strongly associated with prosocial behaviors.
Agreeableness
Which of the following personality traits is most strongly associated with prosocial behaviors?
Agreeableness
Blank is giving aid to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.
Altruism
What is the term for the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
A key social emotion in altruism is blank , a person's feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another.
Empathy
Blank can produce altruistic behavior even toward members of rival groups.
Empathy
_____ is a feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person.
Empathy
______ can produce altruistic behavior even toward members of rival groups.
Empathy
Which of the following best describes social exchange theory?
Equity in a relationship
Which of the following faces did participants rate as most attractive?
Faces that were an "average" (composite) of several other faces
What does the frustration-agression hypothesis state?
Frustration always leads to aggression.
When people tend to explain behavior in terms of personalities, rather than the situation, this refers to which of the following?
Fundamental attribution error
Altruism is which of the following?
Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself
Blank are cognitive shortcuts that enable us to make decisions rapidly.
Heuristics
Which of the following are NOT associated with aggression?
High levels of introversion
Which of the following has been linked to aggressive behavior?
Lower levels of serotonin
Mary is getting ready for work. Which is the LEAST likely circumstance to result in her behaving aggressively toward her colleagues and customers?
Mary has her favorite kind of omelet for breakfast.
Which approach to aggression emphasizes the environmental conditions that teach individuals to be aggressive?
Observational learning
_____ refers to directly physically or verbally harming another person.
Overt aggression
What type of love is a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal?
Passionate
Blank blank refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.
Person perception
What would a social psychologist be most likely to study?
Personal attitudes and the perception of others
Blank involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior.
Persuasion
_____ involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or behavior.
Persuasion
_____ is a key aspect of altruistic behavior.
Reciprocity
Based on the results of research in psychology, which of the following individuals is the least likely to express aggression in the situation?
Samantha had to sit in an air-conditioned waiting room for 20 minutes.
Blank blank is the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.
Social cognition
A blank is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any differences.
Stereotype
Blank threat is one's fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about his or her group.
Stereotype
Pam's new friend is a librarian, so Pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and probably a vegetarian. What does Pam's thinking on this describe?
Stereotyping
Blank is the male hormone related to aggression.
Testosterone
The hormone related to aggression is which of the following?
Testosterone
Attribution theory is which of the following?
The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others
Social cognition is which of the following?
The way in which individuals think in social situations
Which of the following is a circumstance in which researchers would not expect attitudes to guide behavior?
When the person's attitudes changed recently
The murder of Kitty Genovese inspired researchers to examine whether _____.
people are less likely to help if other people are present
