PSY 108 4c) Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences

_____ assumes that children learn gender-linked behaviors by observing and imitating others, and through the rewards and punishments they receive for their imitation.

Social learning theory

Because humans live in the technology age, they are able to harness _____ so that they benefit from the preservation of innovation.

brain plasticity

Parents and peers influence different domains. Parents influence _____ while peers influence _____.

long-range and large-scale plans; social status

Jake enjoys hunting, playing football, and wrestling more than the other boys, while Susan enjoys talking to her friends and taking care of her younger siblings. One can say that Jake is exhibiting traditionally _____ traits, while Susan is exhibiting traditionally _____ traits as they are highly gender typed.

masculine; feminine

Early Head Start has built off Rosenzweig's research on rats, to provide a(n) _____ environment for preschool children living in poverty.

enriched

Children with ADHD are at very high risk for physical abuse. This is because the hyperactivity is a(n) _____ trait.

evocative

Which of the following is a component of culture that is unique to the human species?

language

Premature infants who receive kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact with their mother) have better long-term outcomes than those who don't. This is because _____.

the contact is soothing and aids brain development

Shara is genetically female, but was exposed to excess testosterone during prenatal development. As a young girl, she was often described as a tomboy. She would dress and play in a way more typical of boys than girls. What is the MOST likely reason for this?

Her exposure to excess testosterone caused her to act more like a boy.

Jenny has agreed to babysit for a family that has a six-year-old boy and an eight-year-old girl. What can Jenny possibly anticipate with respect to the behavioral differences between the children?

The girl will spend more time talking to Jenny, while the boy will spend more time in physically active play.

Liz's sister and her husband want their four-year-old daughter to learn a new language and would like to start immediately. What advice would she give?

early childhood

According to researchers, teens who start smoking typically have _____ who model smoking and offer cigarettes.

friends

According to research cited in the text, infant rats that were _____ gained weight more rapidly and developed faster neurologically than those rats that were _____.

handled; not handled

Juan is a Puerto Rican boy who currently lives in Manhattan, with his mother who speaks very little English. Juan attends school with bilingual peers and English-speaking teachers. How well will he speak English?

the same as his peers

Recent research on babies has shown that babies prefer honest people over dishonest ones. This research is consistent with other findings showing that children globally have _____.

the same basic morality