psy 200 chapter 4 (LearningCurve 4b) The Development of Social Bonds

Abandoned and orphaned Romanian children who were adopted by Western families when they were _____ old or younger for the most part developed normally.

6 months

Carrie is an infant neglected by her parents. She is more likely to display Type _____ attachment than if she were not neglected.

A

Overbearing or dominating parents are associated with Type _____ attachment.

A

Which scenario BEST portrays a secure attachment?

A child being willing to explore a new environment in the presence of the caregiver.

Parental stress increases the likelihood of Type _____ attachment.

A or D

With respect to the link between infant temperament and attachment, easy temperament is to slow-to-warm-up temperament as Type _____ attachment is to Type _____ attachment.

B; A

Heather's mother is an alcoholic. Mimi's mother suffers from depression. Which child is at an increased risk of Type D attachment?

Heather, but not Mimi

Neglect is to abuse as _____ attachment is to _____ attachment.

Type A; Type D

Mary Ainsworth devised the Strange Situation to assess:

attachment.

According to Mary Ainsworth, a child with insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment will:

continue to show signs of distress when the mother returns after a brief absence.

With respect to the continuum of attachment, high avoidance and high anxiety may contribute to _____ attachment.

disorganized

The type of attachment that is marked by an infant's inconsistent reactions to his or her caregiver is known as:

disorganized attachment (Type D).

In recent years, the number of international adoptions by American parents has:

dropped

Which factor often predicts insecure attachments?

highly stressed parents

One-year-old Tom rarely acts nervous in new situations and pays little attention to his mother's presence or absence. Tom would MOST likely be classified as having a(n) _____ attachment style.

insecure-avoidant

A pattern of attachment in which anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when an infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion, is known as:

insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment (Type C).

A baby's father is swinging him through the air and vigorously playing and exercising his little limbs, while his mother vacuums. Later, she will be the one to feed and sing the child to sleep. This is typical because, although fathers do change diapers:

mothers engage in more caregiving and comforting and fathers in more high-intensity play.

In the still-face technique, _____ infants are angry and crying, even after the still face ends.

negatively engaged

With respect to the continuum of attachment, low avoidance and high anxiety may contribute to _____ attachment.

resistant

Which attachment style describes an infant who is mildly upset at his mother's departure in the Strange Situation, but who is easily soothed on her return?

secure

Alice takes her 1-year-old son, Derek, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Derek eagerly explores the room as long as Alice is present. When Alice leaves the room to fill out some forms, Derek becomes somewhat upset. When she returns, though, Derek quickly calms down. Derek's attachment style is MOST likely:

secure.

Almost two-thirds of all infants have a positive bond with their caregiver known as _____ attachment, or Type _____.

secure; B

The still-face technique:

shows that babies expect a positive response from their caregivers.

Daryl is standing next to his 2-year-old nephew at his birthday party when suddenly a clown appears with balloons for everyone. Many people laugh and show surprise at the clown's sudden entry, but Daryl's nephew looks to him for the appropriate social response. This is an example of:

social referencing.

Three-month-old Matthew is participating in a study in which his father stares at Matthew, remaining expressionless. This experiment is obviously using what researchers call the _____ technique.

still-face

A mutually coordinated, smooth interaction between a caregiver and an infant is called:

synchrony.

Baby Lacie shakes her head when her mother shakes her head; they started this earlier with Lacie's mother copying Lacie's actions. This relationship between baby and mother is known as:

synchrony.

When a toddler begins to walk and talk, the social bond with the caregiver changes from _____ to _____.

synchrony; attachment

A key aspect of the Strange Situation is:

the exploration of toys.

Using the still-face technique, one in _____ 4-month-old infants are classified as socially engaged.

three