PSY 200 Quizzes Module 2 and 3

___ is a neurotransmitter that controls muscle contractions

acetylcholine

Which of the following disease stems from food poisoning and prevents the release of acetylcholine?

botulism

When ads focus on the quality of the product, they persuade people to change attitudes through__________.

central route

In the context of group behavior,__________is the concern that others are assessing one's behavior.

evaluation apprehension

Mindfulness meditation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to:

focus on the present

In Pavlov's experiment, he conditioned his dog to salivate when it was shown a circle. Later, the dog salivated when it was shown other closed geometric figures including squares. Through his experiment, Pavlov demonstrated _____.

generalization

__________is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.

infantile amnesia

Which of the following is a drawback of case studies?

interviewers may influence participants to give responses that suit their expectations

A ___ is a complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn for an experiment

population

Nightmares, like most pleasant dreams, are products of _____.

rapid eye movement sleep

General knowledge is referred to as__________.

semantic memory

Which of the following statements is true of chemistry involved in aggression?

testosterone appears to affect the tendencies to dominate and control other people

Identify a true statement about the types of reinforcers.

the short-term consequences of behavior often provide more of an incentive than the long-term consequences

_____ is the habituation to a drug, with the result that increasingly higher doses of the drug are needed to achieve similar effects.

tolerance

__________is the simplified form of meditation brought to the United States by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and is used as a method for coping with stress.

transendental meditation

Which of the following is a function of oxytocin?

It stimulates labor in pregnant women.

Every time a neuron flies, it transmits an impulse of the same strength. this occurrence is known as the...

all-or-none prinicple

Children who watch violent shows may act less aggressively when they are informed that the:

apparently aggressive behaviors they watch reflect camera tricks, special efforts, and stunts

____ refers to the culturally defined concepts of masculinity and femininity

gender

Which of the following characteristics is true of groupthink that contributes to flawed decisions?

the group's belief in its rightness

Which of the following was proposed by functionalists?

adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, _____ means deciding to enhance and maintain the relationship.

commitment

___ is a method of brain imaging that passes a narrow x-ray beam through the head and measures the structures that reflect the beams from various angles, generating a three-dimensional image

computerized axial technology

Secondary reinforcers are also called _____ because they acquire their value through being associated with established reinforcers.

conditioned reinforcers

Which of the following statements is true of depth perception?

distant objects stimulate smaller areas on the retina than nearby ones

Which of the following is true of aristotle's contribution to psychology?

he argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws

In the context of organization in long-term memory, a(n)__________is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features.

hierarchy

__________ stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making

humanism

According to the study conducted by Sprecher and Felmlee in 2008, U.S. women are more willing than U.S. men to marry someone who:

is not good-looking

Emily suffers from insomnia. When she went to see a doctor, she was told that her sleeplessness was caused by the deficiency of a particular hormone. The doctor then gave her sleeping pills containing the deficient hormone. Emily has _____ deficiency.

melatonin

__________is an example of a hallucinogenic drug.

mescaline

B. F. Skinner taught pigeons and other animals to engage in behavior that manipulates the environment. This kind of behavior is called__________.

operant behavior

Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and programmed learning are all applications of__________.

operant conditioning

The__________conducts sensory input to the brain, where it is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe.

optic nerve

The interference by old learning with the ability to retrieve material learned recently is known as__________.

proactive interference

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in__________.

sensorineural deafness

During puberty,__________stokes the growth of muscle and bone and the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics in a male body.

testosterone

Identify a true statement about punishments.

they can rapidly suppress undesirable behavior

The axon bundle that transmits neural impulses from the organ of Corti to the brain is known as the__________.

auditory nerve

Episodic memory is also referred to as _____.

autobiographical memory

Which of the following is true of behaviorism?

behaviorists define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes

People learning to emit alpha waves through feedback from an electroencephalograph is an example of__________.

biofeedback training

A _____ is a cycle that is connected with the 24-hour period of the earth's rotation.

circadian rhythm

The process of adjusting to conditions of lower lighting by increasing the sensitivity of rods and cones is known as _____.

dark adaptation

The loudness of a sound is expressed in _____.

decibels (dB)

In the context of color blindness, which of the following statements is true?

dichromats are sensitive to black-white and either red-green or blue-yellow colors

_____ is an altered state of consciousness in which people are highly suggestible and behave as though they are in a trance.

hypnosis

In the context of memory and forgetting, one of the cognitive explanations for infantile amnesia states that:

infants do not make reliable use of language to symbolize or classify events

Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign," or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions toward others may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is referred to as _____.

information processing

Which of the following statements is true of the elaboration likelihood model?

it describes the ways in which people respond to persuasive messages

Opiates are a group of__________derived from the opium poppy that provide a euphoric rush and depress the nervous system.

narcotics

With _________, psychologists and other scientists can observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field."​

naturalistic observation

In the context of neural activity and memory, the brain stores parts of memories in the appropriate areas of the__________.

sensory cortex

__________may accompany narcolepsy and is characterized by the collapse of muscle groups or the entire body.

sleep paralysis

__________believe that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced.

social-cognitive theories

According to cognitive psychologists, _____.

the changes caused by learning influence an organism's behavior

In Robert Rescorla's experiment, what happened to the group of dogs to whom a shock was consistently presented after a tone?

the group of dogs learned how to show a fear response at the sound of the tone

John recently suffered a blow to his head. Since then, he finds it difficult to comprehend what others say to him. He also finds it difficult to express his thoughts and cannot seem to find the right words to say while speaking. However, he can speak freely with proper syntax. In this scenario, John is most likely suffering from _____.

wernicke's aphasia

In the context of perceptual organization, which of the following statements is true?

when figure-ground relationships are ambiguous, or capable of being interpreted in various ways, our perceptions tend to be unstable and shift back and forth