PSY 301 Final Exam modules 9-11

The laws that govern physician-assisted suicide vary between states, but a person will always be convicted of a felony if they proceed with this type of death. Answers: True False

False

It has been said that grief lasts about two years or less but intense grief is throughout life. Answers: True False

False (opp)

Remarriage is more popular with women than men, a gender gap that increases in middle and later adulthood. Answers: True False

False

Older adults rely more on mental rehearsal strategies to store and retrieve information. Younger adults rely more on external cues such as familiarity and context to recall information. Answers: True False

False

____________________________________ occurs when a death is expected and survivors have time to prepare to some extent before the loss. Answers:A. Denial B. Disenfranchised grief C. Complicated grief D. Anticipatory grief

. Anticipatory grief

___________________________ is the outward expressions of grief and mourning and funeral rites are expressions of loss reflecting personal and cultural beliefs. Answers:A. Bereavement B. Anger C. Depression D. Mourning

. Bereavement

______ describes the experience of men during the climacteric. Answers: A. Andropause B. Menopause C. Osteoporosis D. Presbycusis

A. Andropause

A large generational divide involves the use of technology. A 70 year old is less likely to use technology than a 20 year old. Research shows that some of this difference may be explained by a decline in attention and memory that occurs as we age. What kind of age related change would describe this limitation? Answers:A. Cognitive B. Socio-emotional C. Psychological D. Physical

A. Cognitive

The following are strategies included in healthy grieving EXCEPT: Answers:A. Put the impending death out of mind and focus on only positive things B. Accept the multitude of feelings C. Talk about the death D. Take care of yourself and your family

A. Put the impending death out of mind and focus on only positive things

The ______________________________________________ of adult cognition began in 1956 and has found that cognitive abilities decrease beginning in the sixth decade and gain increasing significance from that point forward. Answers:A. Seattle Longitudinal Study B. The Midlife in the United States Studies (MIDUS) C. Cognitive Decline Review D. Senior Study

A. Seattle Longitudinal Study

What is the difference between social death and psychological death? Answers:A. Social death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the individual withdraws from others. B. Social death occurs when others accept the impending death of the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the dying individual accepts his/her own death. C. Social death occurs when the dying individual is no longer able to speak or interact, while psychological death occurs when others withdraw from the dying individual. D. Social death occurs when the dying individual withdraws from others, while psychological death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual.

A. Social death occurs when individuals withdraw from the dying individual, while psychological death occurs when the individual withdraws from others.

There is now increasing evidence about the harmful effects of chronic inflammation in general. It is implicated in a whole series of degenerative illnesses. What diet is recommended in helping to avoid this? Answers:A. The Mediterranean Diet B. A diet with high quantities of red and processed meat C. A diet low in protein D. A diet with high-sugar energy drinks

A. The Mediterranean Diet

What are personal control beliefs? Answers: A. The idea that the individual can dictate outcomes in a specific situation. B. The idea that life cannot be controlled in any way, shape or form and is set by conditions of historical circumstances completely out of our control. C. A theory associated with Eastern philosophy on the importance of transcendental meditation. D. A form of psychosis associated with delusions of media influence often associated with substance use and serious mental illness.

A. The idea that the individual can dictate outcomes in a specific situation.

Someone is _______________________when there is no longer brain activity, referred to as clinically dead. Answers:A. brain dead B. agonal breathing C. experiencing heart failure D. terminally ill

A. brain dead

Many causes of death in are linked at least in part to _______________________. Many are preventable, to some extent, and some are avoidable if the proper actions are taken. Answers:A. lifestyle choices B. medication changes C. uncontrollable circumstances D. parenting influences

A. lifestyle choices

In marriages destined to fail, partners engage in the "______________________" such as contempt, criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling. Answers:A. marriage killers B. fool's moves C. wrong behaviors D. martial dive bombs

A. marriage killers

Because men in late adulthood are more likely to suffer from emotional isolation, they are typically at a higher risk for _____________________. Answers:A. suicide B. poor care C. homelessness D. weight loss

A. suicide

Demographers use which terminology to describe people between the ages of 65 and 74 years? Answers:A. young old B. old old C. oldest old D. geriatric

A. young old

___________________________________ reflects the belief that most of us have our character set like plaster by the age of 30. However, more recent research shows that while some people maintain stable personalities over time, others do not. Answers:A. Plaster hypothesis B. Concrete character set C. Stable personality D. None of the above

A. plaster hypothesis

What does physiological death refer to? Answers:A. The exclusion of the individual from social groups. B. The ceasing of vital organs to function. C. The individual's regression into the self. D. The occurrence of a vegetative state.

B. The ceasing of vital organs to function.

Hearing loss is experienced by 30% of people age ______ and older with almost half of people over _______ having some hearing loss Answers:A. 65;90 B. 70;85 C. 80;95 D. 55;75

B. 70;85

Essie is an 86-year-old woman who tries to function independently but has suffered for several years with forgetfulness, especially with recent memories. She has trouble finding her car in the parking lot after grocery shopping. The store managers have called her children to come and help her. She has been known to forget her way home at times. Her children worry that she may have a form of dementia called ________. Answers:A. Delirium B. Alzheimer's disease C. Stroke D. Hypertension

B. Alzheimer's disease

____________________________________ emphasized focusing on the patient rather than the disease and introduced the notion of "total pain" Answers:A. Erik Erikson B. Dame Cicely Saunders C. Kübler-Ross D. Worden's Model

B. Dame Cicely Saunders

_________________________is the umbrella category use to describe the general long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that affects a person's daily functioning. Answers:A. Hypertension B. Dementia C. Memory loss D. Forgetfulness

B. Dementia

___________________refers to helping a person fulfill their wish to die and can happen through voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide Answers:A. Suicide B. Euthanasia C. Normal death D. Hospice care

B. Euthanasia

Two categories of intelligence that show different rates of change across the life span. _______________________________ refers to information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time. ______________________________ encompasses abilities that draw upon experience and knowledge. Answers:A. Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence B. Fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence C. Standard intelligence; historical intelligence D. Perfect intelligence; learned intelligence

B. Fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

According to research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, chronic disease is especially a concern in the elderly population in America. It is estimated that at least 80% of older Americans are currently living with some form of a chronic condition, with 50% of this population having two or more chronic conditions. ________is the leading cause of death from chronic disease for adults older than 65. Answers:A. Hypertension B. Heart disease C. Stroke D. Alzheimer's disease

B. Heart disease

__________________ involves palliation without curative intent and is typically used by people without further options or who have decided not to pursue further options Answers:A. None of the above B. Hospice care C. Rehabilitation D. Home health care

B. Hospice care

Which statement is true of life expectancies in the United States? Answers:A. Life expectancies are on the rise, but active life expectancies are decreasing. B. Life expectancies in the United States are higher for women than men. C. The rate of population growth is expected to increase significantly with the aging of the baby boomers. D. Black men and women have longer life expectancies than Latinos and whites.

B. Life expectancies in the United States are higher for women than men.

______________ refers to a period of transition in which a woman's ovaries stop releasing eggs and the level of estrogen and progesterone production decreases. Answers:A. Sarcopenia B. Menopause C. Transitional reproduction D. Infertility

B. Menopause

___________________________, biological aging, is the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics. Answers:A. Paced maturing B. Senescence C. Normal aging D. Positive aging

B. Senescence

________________________________________ means that time is a valuable commodity requiring careful consideration and investment. Answers:A. Aging anxiety B. Sense of urgency theory C. Midlife crisis D. Mortality salience

B. Sense of urgency theory

_________________________ is the feeling of lethargy and a lack of enthusiasm and involvement in both individual and communal affairs. Answers:A. None of the above B. Stagnation C. Exhaustion D. Generativity

B. Stagnation

Generativity vs. stagnation for Erikson is a movement away from individual self-development towards "_______________________________________________". Answers:A. taking inventory of life's accomplishments B. belief in the species C. looking out for one's self D. belief in a historical perspectivet

B. belief in the species

The _______________________________________ suggests that negative events tend to lose their emotional intensity at a faster rate than pleasant events. Answers:A. social death bias B. fading affect bias C. none of the above D. grief bias

B. fading affect bias

Stereotypes about people in late adulthood lead many to assume that aging automatically brings ________. Answers:A. improved health B. mental decline C. power D. knowledge

B. mental decline

We are considered to be in late adulthood by the time we reach our ________________ until _____________. Answers:A. late sixties; old age B. mid-sixties; death C. mid-fifties; mid-nineties D. none of the above

B. mid-sixties; death

In addition to middle-aged parents spending more time, money, and energy taking care of their adult children, they are also increasingly taking care of their own aging and ailing parents which is referred to as the ______________________________________. Answers:A. caught in the middle generation B. sandwich generation C. squeeze arragement D. overtaxed generation

B. sandwich generation

______________________ involves learning how to carry on and incorporate this aspect of the life span into daily existence. Answers:A. Denial B. Anger C. Acceptance D. Depression

C. Acceptance

________________________ is the most common form of dementia and is incurable, but there are also nonorganic causes of dementia which can be prevented. Answers:A. Hypertension B. Parkinson's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. Stroke

C. Alzheimer's disease

Lorraine is 70 years old and complains that she cannot read or drive as well as she once could because her vision and especially her peripheral vision has decreased. After an eye exam, the Doctor tells her that the fluid in her eyes cannot be drained properly causing too much pressure in the fluid in her eyes. What condition does Lorraine have? Answers:A. Myopia B. cataracts C. Glaucoma D. age-related macular degeneration

C. Glaucoma

__________________________ is an interdisciplinary approach to specialized medical and nursing care for people with life-limiting illnesses Answers:A. Home health care B. Hospital admission C. Palliative care D. Rehabilitation

C. Palliative care

What is a major goal of hospice care? Answers:A. To help families pay for funeral expenses after the death B. To prolong life for dying patients as long as possible C. To help dying patients be as free from pain as possible D. To ensure that dying individuals receive adequate medical treatment

C. To help dying patients be as free from pain as possible

While Gary is at the ATM during the lunchtime rush, he fumbles while trying to insert his credit card and takes a long time reading the prompts to withdraw money and terminate his transaction. He overhears someone behind him mutter, "Hurry up, grandpa! Some of us have work to do." The words are an example of ________. Answers:A. sexism B. racism C. ageism D. abuse

C. ageism

Bonnie is a 65-year-old woman who has difficulty managing simple, everyday tasks because of painful swelling of the joints in her hands. Bonnie has most likely been diagnosed with ________. Answers:A. shingles B. osteoporosis C. arthritis D. hypertension

C. arthritis

The _______________________________________theory of aging states that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time. Answers:A. cellular action B. free damage C. free radical D. cellular damage

C. free radical

Once commonly used to treat menopausal symptoms, ________________________________ therapy has been associated with breast cancer, stroke, and the development of blood clots, and is therefore not utilized as a form of treatment as much now. Answers:A. none of the above B. pain management C. hormone replacement D. antidepressant

C. hormone replacement

Erik Erikson referred to the psychosocial task in late adulthood as _________________________ versus ___________________ where the goal is to look back over life with satisfaction. Answers:A. autonomy; shame and doubt B. trust; mistrust C. identity; role confusion D. integrity; despair

D. integrity; despair

A primary motivation in continuing to work has been identified as a desire to pass on skills and experience, a process researchers have described as _____________________________________- or mentoring. Answers:A. skill passing B. cross training C. leader generativity D. mentor traning

D. mentor traning

David is retiring from the company after thirty years. His boss, Sandra, is worried that the person she is training to replace him may not be able to. She has shown him all the systems, and introduced him to customers and clients. The new person is proficient in all of those systems (more so probably than David), and he is extremely personable. "Why am I so worried?" wonders Sandra. The answer has something to do with tacit knowledge, which is ________. Answers:A. a form of knowledge that can be rendered in explicit and precise terms and described in clear linguistic or lexical fashion. B. a form of knowledge that can be passed from expert to novice. C. knowledge which cannot be codified, transferred in a written form, or even properly verbalized, and, therefore, difficult to transfer. D. a form of knowledge that is easily transferred from one person to another by a training schedule or structured interview.

C. knowledge which cannot be codified, transferred in a written form, or even properly verbalized, and, therefore, difficult to transfer.

Grandparenting typically begins in ____________________ rather than late adulthood, but longer lifespans mean being grandparents for longer. Answers:A. younger years B. none of the above C. midlife D. old age

C. midlife

Harvey, who is suffering from poor health in a nursing home, is told by the doctor that he will probably not live another six months. Harvey tries to remain positive, but visits from his family and friends become more infrequent and the doctors and nurses seem to avoid him. Which aspect of death is characterized by this behavior? Answers:A. psychological B. behavioral C. social D. physiological

C. social

The following theory, _________________________________________________, maintains that as time horizons shrink, people become increasingly selective, investing greater resources in emotionally meaningful goals and activities. Answers:A. theory of aging (TOA) B. psychosocial theory of development (PTOD) C. socio-emotional selectivity theory (SST) D. selection, optimization, compensation (SOC)

C. socio-emotional selectivity theory (SST)

According to Levinson, the _______________-________________view argues that each stage overlaps and consists of a stable phase and a transitional phase into the following period. Answers:A. dream-realistic B. perfect-storm C. stage-crisis D. goal-achievement

C. stage-crisis

Fewer than half of midlife adults exercise and only about ______________ exercise frequently and strenuously enough to achieve health benefits. Answers:A. 50 percent B. 40 percent C. 60 percent D. 20 percent

D. 20 percent

____________________ are people aged 100 or older and are both rare and distinct from the rest of the older population. Answers:A. Octogenarians B. Super seniors C. Senior citizens D. Centenarians

D. Centenarians

Rates of marital happiness are highest in the years prior to the birth of the first child, low point with the coming of children, and begin to improve when ___________________________________. Answers:A. Children make good grades B. Children play favorites C. Children stay home longer D. Children leave home

D. Children leave home

_________________ is often the first reaction to overwhelming, unimaginable news and protects us by allowing the news to enter slowly. Answers:A. Anger B. Bargaining C. Acceptance D. Denial

D. Denial

The _______________ limit refers to the limited number of times cells divide and then stop (human cells can divide about 50 times before stopping). Answers: A. division B. maturation C. cellular cut D. Hayflick

D. Hayflick

What is a key aspect of the work that palliative care doctors do? Answers:A. Help dying individuals and their families return to a normal lifestyle as soon as possible B. Help dying individuals stay alive as long as possible by any means necessary C. Help dying individuals be able to return home rather than stay in the hospital D. Help dying individuals and their families understand what is happening and what it may imply

D. Help dying individuals and their families understand what is happening and what it may imply

_______________________ described five stages of loss experienced by someone facing the news of their impending death that provide a framework for understanding the psychological experience of an impending death. Answers:A. Worden's Model B. Erikson C. Levinson D. Kübler-Ross

D. Kübler-Ross

_________________ broke down grief into four stages: shock, yearning, despair, and recovery. Answers:A. Kübler-Ross B. Worden C. Erikson D. Parkes

D. Parkes

______________________________ occurs when a physician prescribes the means by which a person can end his or her own life. Answers:A. Normal death B. Suicide C. Brain death D. Physician-Assisted Suicide

D. Physician-Assisted Suicide

What is a major function of ceremonies such as funerals and memorial services? Answers:A. They provide the surviving individuals with a definitive point for moving on. B. They ensure that surviving individuals will not experience PTSD. C. They ensure that surviving individuals will forget about the death. D. They provide the surviving individuals with a sense of closure.

D. They provide the surviving individuals with a sense of closure.

Anna Mae is 72 years old. She recently became a volunteer for Habitat for Humanity when a project was introduced to her group of friends at the Senior Community Center where she was already involved in tutoring school children in reading and math. This is just an example of how people in late adulthood continue to be ________ in many ways. Answers:A. disengaged B. depressed C. self-involved D. productive

D. productive

Exercise encourages new nerve growth slowing the progression of ________________________, the loss of muscle tissue and function as we age. Answers:A. arthritis B. chronic deterioration C. muscle waste D. sarcopenia

D. sarcopenia

The major causes of death vary significantly among age groups with _________________________________ being a leading cause of death for the widest variety of ages. Answers:A. suicide B. cancer C. heart disease D. unintentional injuries

D. unintentional injuries

As we age, __________________________________ loses some capacity making it difficult to concentrate on more than one thing at a time or remembering details. Answers:A. vast memory storage B. extensive memory C. our memory bank D. working memory

D. working memory

In midlife, people spend lots of time thinking of their lives in terms of how long they have lived. They are not concerned with how many years are left, and there is no urgency to start to make changes now. Answers: True False

False

Men are more likely to be widowed, reflecting their longer life expectancy, with the death of a spouse being one of life's most disruptive experiences Answers: True False

False

Contrary to what many may think, lifestyle really does not have much of a lasting impact on the health status of midlife adults. Answers: True False

False

Activity theory states that the more active older adults are the more stable and positive their self-concept will be, which will then lead to greater life satisfaction and higher morale. Answers: True False

True

Having a single confidante is more important to happiness than having a large social network. Answers: True False

True

In middle adulthood, the "middle-aged spread" is the weight gain or accumulation of fat in the abdomen that is often one of the common complaints of midlife adults. Answers: True False

True

Not all racial and ethnic groups feel the same way about hospice. Answers: True False

True