PSY 311 FINAL
The study of naturally occurring relationships among variables is referred to as: a. correlational research b. experimental research c. laboratory research d. field research
a. correlational research
As outlined in Dr. Simons-Ruduloph's lecture, all of the following illustrate the ways in which society is failing boys except: a. Lower wages paid to males working traditionally female jobs b. Stagnated rate of college enrollment for males c. Loss of traditionally male jobs (e.g. manufacturing) d. Males higher rate of incarceration
a. Lower wages paid to males working traditionally female jobs
A researcher is trying to understand what makes people different from each other. This person is most likely a: a. Personality Psychologist b. Social Psychologist c. Sociologist d. Biologist
a. Personality Psychologist
One reason for the result of the Rosenthal and Jacobson "bloomers study" on expectations of teachers for students described as "bloomers" was that the teachers: a. acted in ways hat benefited the students expected to bloom b. gave the students expected to bloom less feedback when they failed at tasks c. lived up to the expectations of the students d. gave the students expected to bloom easier tasks
a. acted in ways hat benefited the students expected to bloom
Samantha thinks that if she fails her upcoming exam, she will be incredibly depressed and feel extremely shameful. According to research on _____, if she ends up failing the exam, she will probably actually feel _____. a. affective forecasting; better than she predicts she will feel b. anchoring and adjustment; worse than she will feel c. mood and inference; worse than she predicts she will feel d. mood and inference; roughly equal to how she predicts she will feel e. affective forecasting; worse than she predicts she will
a. affective forecasting; better than she predicts she will feel
A researcher is examining if the age of the animal and the type of animal interact to predict ratings of cuteness by preschool children. The independent variable(s) in this research is (are): a. age of animal and type of animal b. age of animal c. type of animal d. cuteness
a. age of animal and type of animal
If I go to the beach and am more concerned about the sharks than getting skin cancer from the sun, I am likely relying on which heuristic? a. availability b. anchoring and adjustment c. representative d. gambler's fallacy e. false consensus effect
a. availability
Jake is asked to recall a time he was given the cold shoulder and is then asked to rate the temperature in the room. He rates it as colder than, Mary who was asked to recall a time she was given a warm reception. These findings are an example of: a. embodied cognition b. false consensus c. social desirability d. attitudinal consistency
a. embodied cognition
By the definitions in the book, education is more _____, whereas propaganda is more _____. a. factual; coercive b. important; useful c. useful; important d. coercive; factual
a. factual; coercive
The main conclusion of the "3-questions" study by Clark and Hatfield was that: a. females are more selective when considering potential mating partners b. males are more selective when considering potential mating partners c. males preferred to go to dinner with rather than to the apartment of a potential mating partner d. most females preferred going to dinner least of all three options e. males and females have ver similar mating strategies
a. females are more selective when considering potential mating partners
Article 3 and our class discussion on implicit theories, mentioned all of the following self-regulatory challenges that incremental theorists cope with more successfully than entity theorists, except: a. growth theorists are less likely than fixed theorists to have knowledge of existing stereotypes b. growth theorists are less likely than fixed theorists to engage in lay dispositionalism c. All of the above are true d. growth theorists are less likely than fixed theorists to endorse stereotypes as true e. growth theorists are less likely than fixed theorists to look for information that supports their stereotypes
a. growth theorists are less likely than fixed theorists to have knowledge of existing stereotypes
Hastorf and Cantril (1954) found that Princeton students identified twice as many Dartmouth violations as Dartmouth students did when each watched the game. This emphasizes: a. humans' tendency to prejudge reality based on expectations b. humans' inability to be objective when watching sports c. football players' brutality d. that humans are objective when watching sports
a. humans' tendency to prejudge reality based on expectations
What are two explanations for why group polarization occurs? a. informational influence & social comparison b. risky shift & social comparison c. evaluation apprehension & mere exposure d. social loafing & informational influence e. normative social influence & groupthink
a. informational influence & social comparison
Which of the following is accurately portrays the primary findings from the radish/cookie self-control study we discussed in class? a. participants in the radish, relative to the cookie condition were unable to persist as long because they were experiencing ego-depletion b. participant in the cookie, relative to the radish condition did not persist as long because they had been depleted c. participants in the cookie, relative to the radish condition persisted longer because they had been depleted d. neither groups experienced depletion
a. participants in the radish, relative to the cookie condition were unable to persist as long because they were experiencing ego-depletion
One reason that distractions may increase the persuasiveness of messages is because distractions: a. prevent systematic processing of message content b. prevent heuristic processing from occurring c. prevent overreliance on peripheral cues d. enhance the appearance of humility in the person delivering the message e. enhance the apparent intelligence level of the communicator of the message
a. prevent systematic processing of message content
According to the text, if two candidates are giving a speech, back-to-back, on why they should be elected, because of the _____, the candidate who presents _____ should be most persuasive. a. primacy effect; first b. primacy effect; last c. recency effect; first d. recency effect; last e. anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic; last
a. primacy effect; first
Heuristics are used in social cognition because they: a. save cognitive effort b. are usually controlled processes c. are necessary for decision making d. are most accurate
a. save cognitive effort
Mental frameworks for organizing and processing social information are known as: a. schemas b. anchoring frameworks c. attributions d. affective states e. cognitions
a. schemas
The results of Milgram's obedience study suggest that: a. situational pressures can overwhelm personality b. obedience is reduced when it's clear the victim is suffering c. many people actually enjoy hurting others d. people are not inherently obedient e. men are more aggressive than women
a. situational pressures can overwhelm personality
Evaluating one's ability and opinions by comparing oneself with others is an example of: a. social comparison b. external locus of control c. planned behavior d. social facilitation
a. social comparison
All of the following are examples of themes of social psychology discussed in the book except: a. the overriding power of personality b. the perils of intuition c. the subjective construction of reality d. that social psychology is applicable
a. the overriding power of personality
While listening half-heartedly to a commercial, Ken hears a physician suggest that aspirin taken daily promotes good health. Ken accepts this idea solely because this physician has been correct before. In this example, Ken is using: a. the peripheral route b. a planning heuristic c. a compliance fallacy d. the central route e. elaborate processing
a. the peripheral route
The tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to internal factors and negative outcomes to external factors is called: a. the self-serving bias b. the fundamental attribution error (correspondence bias) c. the just-world hypothesis d. the framing heuristic e. the actor-observer bias
a. the self-serving bias
A _____ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events. a. theory b. hypothesis c. fact d. correlation
a. theory
We want to see how extroverts act in an experiment, and thus make sure that we are truly measuring extroversion and not inadvertently measuring something else like intelligence. This is an example of making sure are measures are _________. a. valid b. reliable c. accurate d. operationalized
a. valid
Which of the following is an example of the representative heuristic? a. Sally estimates that teen violence is very likely after watching the news about a school shooting b. Bill sees a man wearing scrubs and decides he must be a doctor c. Sam thinks the next flip of the coin must be heads because the last five flips have been tails d. Todd thinks all dentists make a lot of money because his uncle is a wealthy dentist
b. Bill sees a man wearing scrubs and decides he must be a doctor
When explaining why Edgar is having trouble with his new computer, which of the following questions deals with consistency information from Kelly's Theory of Causal Attributions? a. None of the above b. Does Edgar usually behave this way with this computer? c. All of the above d. Do other people have similar problems with this computer? e. Does Edgar have trouble with other computers as well, or only this one?
b. Does Edgar usually behave this way with this computer?
All of the following are examples of when behavior predicts attitudes except: a. saying becomes believing b. all of the above are examples c. foot-in-the-door d. social movements e. low-balling
b. all of the above are examples
The theory of planned behavior explains behavioral intention being the result of what three components? a. subjective norms, subjective beliefs, rules and regulations b. attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control c. beliefs, feelings, motivation d. attitudes, beliefs, ideals e. perceived control, perceived support, perceived availability
b. attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control
When people experience a loss of self-awareness as well as evaluation apprehension, they are in a state of: a. social facilitation b. deindividuation c. groupthink d. social loafing e. interdependency
b. deindividuation
The idea that a concern about being judged by others causes an increase in arousal that contributes to social facilitation is the: a. distraction conflict theory b. evaluation apprehension hypothesis c. mere presence hypothesis d. contingency theory e. social desirability hypothesis
b. evaluation apprehension hypothesis
Individuals who believe that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion, the individuals will be: a. opposed to the legalization of physician-assisted suicide b. even more convinced that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized c. sharply divided over whether physician-assisted suicide should be legalized d. less friendly toward each other and less likely to communicate with one another e. more likely to question the wisdom of legalizing physician-assisted suicide
b. even more convinced that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized
A field experiment has high _____, whereas a lab experiment has high _____. a. psychological realism; external realism b. external validity; internal validity c. internal validity; external validity d. external validity; psychological realism
b. external validity; internal validity
Often in psychology, ___________ are generated from (come from) ________. a. theories; hypotheses b. hypotheses; theories c. models; hypotheses d. theories; models
b. hypotheses; theories
Which is more influential—reason or emotion? Persuasion research has revealed that: a. both reason and emotion together in a message are necessary to produce persuasion b. it depends on the audience c. emotion is more influential d. reason is more influential
b. it depends on the audience
Dave watches a young boy throw a tantrum. In considering the reasons for this tantrum, Dave overemphasizes the child's own traits and underemphasizes the role of the social environment. Dave is engaging in a. psychological immunity b. lay dispositionalism c. Kelly's attribution processes d. impact bias e. schema activation
b. lay dispositionalism
The major purpose of random assignment in an experiment is to: a. maximize the differences between groups b. minimize the differences between groups c. control the independent variable d. control the dependent variable
b. minimize the differences between groups
A man asks a woman waiting in line to use the Xerox machine if he can go before her. He either gives no explanation, says he is in a hurry, or says he needs to make some copies. Langer (1978) did a study like this and found that: a. most people did not allow him to go next b. most people who were given any reason allowed him to go next c. everyone allowed him to go next, regardless of whether he provided a reason d. people let him go next significantly more if he gave a valid reason than a non-valid reason e. they only let him go next when he said he was in a hurry
b. most people who were given any reason allowed him to go next
Peter hates to wear ties anywhere. Nevertheless, he wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid the disapproval of his family. This is an example of: a. psychological reactance b. normative social influence c. the effects of mere presence d. identification e. informational social influence
b. normative social influence
A member of a group tells a sexist joke, causing the whole group to laugh. Others in the group witness how the group reacts to these types of jokes. The person telling the joke may form a sexist attitude through _____, whereas the other group members may form the attitude through _____. a. operant conditioning; classical conditioning b. operant conditioning; observational learning c. classical conditioning; observational learning d. observational learning; operant conditioning
b. operant conditioning; observational learning
All of the following are examples of themes of social psychology discussed in the article, "What is Social Psychology," except: a. people construct their social world b. people tend to overestimate the power of the situation c. people have a fundamental need for social connections d. people need to view themselves in a positive light
b. people tend to overestimate the power of the situation
Which of the following is not an example of the 5 influences on aggression we discussed in class and noted in the outline? a. aversive incidents b. punishment c. culture d. priming e. media
b. punishment
When conducting an experiment, Ann makes sure that each participant has an equal chance of appearing in each group in her experiment. Ann is using ________. a. selective assignment b. random assignment c. random sampling d. none of the above
b. random assignment
All of the following describe automatic processing except: a. develops after extensive experience b. rational and reasonable c. involuntary and unintentional d. effortless and nonconscious e. thoughtless and uncontrollable
b. rational and reasonable
Milly generally likes to go home to visit her family during vacation. However, after her father tells her she must be home during spring vacation, Milly decides to remain at college. We can probably best understand Milly's behavior in terms of: a. social influence b. reactance c. misattribution d. regression e. self-serving bias
b. reactance
Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights. This is an issue that he cares deeply about, and he is very knowledgeable about the topic. Jason is most likely persuaded by: a. a lengthy message that has a high number of weaker arguments b. strong, convincing arguments c. emotional appeals d. any message delivered by an attractive and competent speaker e. any message that challenges his knowledge
b. strong, convincing arguments
According to evolutionary psychology, the two goals of human behavior are: a. aggression and dominance b. survival and reproduction c. reproduction and cultural advancement d. sublimation and ego-protection e. connectedness and survival
b. survival and reproduction
Berkowitz and LePage, established the aggression cues effect. In their study, they demonstrated that: a. items that could be used as weapons are perceived negatively by participants b. the mere presence of weapons caused frustrated individuals to become more aggressive c. aggressive individuals are more likely to use weapons than those who are not aggressive d. participants used the weapons in the study more when they were frustrated
b. the mere presence of weapons caused frustrated individuals to become more aggressive
Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of how people: a. motivate, persuade, and hurt one another b. think about, influence, and relate to one another c. manipulate, use, and betray one another d. conform, help, and form attitudes about one another
b. think about, influence, and relate to one another
A researcher is studying how therapy prior to marriage may affect the likelihood that couples will divorce. In this experiment, the dependent variable is: a. whether couples receive therapy b. whether couples divorce c. whether couples are satisfied d. whether couples have children
b. whether couples divorce
According to the text, social psychology is a(n) _____ science, and one that only began to emerge as a vibrant field after _____. a. young; the 1960s b. young; World War II c. old; the 1930s d. old; the turn of the century
b. young; World War II
A researcher wants to know if watching commercials that have thin women in them, relative to watching neutral commercials, produces body-image concerns for females. This researcher randomly assigns students to these two conditions. She is conducting _______ research. a. survey b. correlational c. experimental d. field
c. experimental
The cockroach study by Zajonc demonstrated all of the results listed below except which of the following? a. The effect of others on behavior is not restricted simply to humans b. Evaluation apprehension is not alone sufficient to explain social facilitation c. Arousal requires a high level of cognitive processing d. The mere presence of other members of our species is enough to arouse us e. Arousal makes simpler tasks easier and complex tasks more difficult
c. Arousal requires a high level of cognitive processing
Which of the following best describes our current understanding of gender? a. It is influenced by culture b. Males and females are more different than they are similar c. BLANK and BLANK d. It is influenced by biological sex e. All of the above
c. BLANK and BLANK
The Johnny Baxstrom case as discussed by Dr. Desmarais is important because it: a. questioned the practice of involuntarily committing those with mental illnesses after they had served their sentence b. resulted in Johnny Baxstrom being released c. all of the above d. helped get 1,000 other patients released e. started the research on violence risk assessment
c. all of the above
The following are all examples of how attitudes form EXCEPT _______. a. operant conditioning b. observation learning c. all of the above are examples d. classical conditioning
c. all of the above are examples
Examining behavior through the lens of evolutionary psychology provides insights into: a. All of the above b. how humans are mostly different from one another c. both BLANK and BLANK d. different mate selection preferences for males and females e. how features that helped our ancestors pass on their genes affect our behavior today
c. both BLANK and BLANK
The example of Little Albert becoming scared at the sight of anything white and furry is an example of learning an attitude through: a. operant conditioning b. social facilitation c. classical conditioning d. modeling/observation e. cognitive dissonance
c. classical conditioning
Which of the following is an example of a static risk factor mentioned in Dr. Desmarais's guest lecture on violence risk assessment? a. broken leg b. all of the above c. history of past violence d. substance abuse e. symptomology
c. history of past violence
Suppose you want to research the influence of fear on the immune system. An operational definition of fear: a. must use a physiological test b. is the same as the hypothesis c. is a specific way to measure fear d. must avoid demand characteristics
c. is a specific way to measure fear
Rules for expected and acceptable behavior that vary by culture are called: a. groupthink b. group polarization c. norms d. schemas e. values
c. norms
A researcher finds a correlation between two variables: the more cotton candy people eat, the more satisfied they are with their relationships. Which of the following explanations includes the most likely third variable? a. cotton candy causes people's satisfaction with their relationship b. people satisfied with their relationships feel compelled to eat cotton candy c. people who are eating cotton candy are usually at a Hurricanes game, and watching hockey together is really what makes them feel satisfied with their relationship d. there are no possible third variable explanations
c. people who are eating cotton candy are usually at a Hurricanes game, and watching hockey together is really what makes them feel satisfied with their relationship
What two explanations account for social loafing? a. social facilitation and mere exposure b. reduced evaluation apprehension and competition c. reduced evaluation apprehension and coordination loss d. disinhibition and coordination loss e. disinhibition and reduced evaluation apprehension
c. reduced evaluation apprehension and coordination loss
Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment is an example of behaviors affecting attitudes through: a. social movements b. low-balling c. role-playing d. saying becoming believing e. cognitive dissonance
c. role-playing
The tendency to attribute other people's actions as being caused by internal (dispositional) factors, even when clear situational pressures are present, is known as: a. the self-serving bias b. the external attribution error c. the fundamental attribution error d. the representativeness heuristic e. the availability bias
c. the fundamental attribution error
According to Social Comparison Theory, when we compare ourselves to those who are better off than we are, we are making a(n) _____, and the goal of such a comparison is _____. a. upward social comparison; changing our ought self b. upward social comparison; make ourselves feel better c. upward social comparison; motivation for improvement d. downward social comparison; motivation for improvement e. downward social comparison; make ourselves feel better
c. upward social comparison; motivation for improvement
There is a very strong relationship between distance and strength of friendship in that the greater the distance between two people, the less strong their relationship is likely to be. Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the relationship between distance and strength of friendship that is stated above? a. .09 b. .90 c. -.09 d. -.90
d. -.90
Asch's studies of conformity differ in important ways from those of Sherif because: a. Sherif's participants were in the physical presence of the pressuring group while Asch's participants were not b. Asch's participants faced a more ambiguous task c. Sherif's participants were dealing with facts rather than opinions d. Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment and were therefore, conforming to normative social influence
d. Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment and were therefore, conforming to normative social influence
Which of the following is a condition that makes us less likely to conform? a. Homogeneity of the group b. A group size of at least three people c. Cultural mandates for respecting a social standard d. Having role models who dissent e. Admiring the group status
d. Having role models who dissent
You are in charge of organizing a summer planning meeting for your student organization's year-long goals and objectives. Which of the following characteristics would help reduce groupthink? a. Making sure voting happens in a large group, in front of everyone b. Having team-building activities to increase group cohesiveness c. Ensuring you have a directive leader d. Scheduling plenty of time between this meeting and the decision deadline for more discussion e. Planning a retreat where the group is isolated
d. Scheduling plenty of time between this meeting and the decision deadline for more discussion
Which study used the autokinetic phenomenon? a. Langer's Copy Machine Study b. Asch's Line Test c. Milgram's study d. Sherif's study e. Elevator Study
d. Sherif's study
Although John is strongly opposed to stricter parking regulations on campus, he is asked to write a paper supporting them. Dissonance theory predicts that his attitude will undergo the most change if he: a. agrees to write the paper for $200 b. refuses to write the paper c. must write the paper for a class grade d. agrees to write the paper for no pay e. refuses to write the paper even after being offered $20
d. agrees to write the paper for no pay
Think back to the video about self-control watched in class. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a method of improving self-control? a. finding pleasure in your goal b. pursuing your goal with enthusiasm and zeal c. changing the way you relate to your goal d. asking a friend to hold you accountable to your goal e. all of the above were mentioned as ways to improve self-control
d. asking a friend to hold you accountable to your goal
You want to ensure that every member of your group contributes and no one slacks off. According to research on social loafing, you should do all of the following except: a. having the group committed to a greater goal or directive b. identifying everyone's individual performance c. making sure the group is cohesive d. asking for one grade for the whole group e. working on an interesting project
d. asking for one grade for the whole group
A good psychological theory should do or be all of the following except: a. guide systematic research b. be testable c. help to explain human behavior d. be provable
d. be provable
My brother beats me in a 10K race, and I feel unhappy and threatened as a result. According to Tesser's Self-evaluation Maintenance Model, I have experienced a __________ effect, because running is __________ to my self-concept. a. reflection; irrelevant/unimportant b. comparison; irrelevant/unimportant c. reflection; neutral d. comparison; relevant/important e. reflection; relevant/important
d. comparison; relevant/important
Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to as: a. correlational research b. experimental research c. laboratory research d. field research
d. field research
Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of: a. social facilitation b. all of the above c. minority influence d. group polarization e. groupthink
d. group polarization
When asked who you think will win the next presidential election, you reply that you do not know. However, after the election results are reported, you claim that it was obvious all along. This is an example of the: a. retrospective bias b. information bias c. prediction bias d. hindsight bias
d. hindsight bias
Every time Jackson was in the basement during the super bowl, the panthers had a good play. So, Jackson spent the entire second half alone in the basement so that the panthers would have more good plays. This is an example of: a. availability heuristic b. anchoring frameworks c. self-serving bias d. illusory correlation e. positive bias
d. illusory correlation
The impact of a message from a non-credible source may _______, a phenomenon known as the _________________. a. decrease; status effect b. decrease; sleeper effect c. increase; status effect d. increase; sleeper effect
d. increase; sleeper effect
The ____ validity of an experiment is high when we can be confident that changes in the dependent variable were caused by changes in the independent variable. a. hypothetical b. external c. theoretical d. internal
d. internal
Asch's line segment study primarily examined ________ whereas Sherif's point of light studies primarily examined ______. a. informational social influence; compliance b. obedience; social norms c. compliance; persuasion d. normative social influence; informational social influence e. an ambiguous situation; an unambiguous situation
d. normative social influence; informational social influence
Which of the following is an example of how our attitudes and behaviors are shaped by external social forces? a. our personality disposition affects our choices b. our inherited human nature predisposes us to react in certain ways c. our political attitudes influence our voting behavior d. our standards regarding promptness, beauty, and equality vary with our culture
d. our standards regarding promptness, beauty, and equality vary with our culture
Correlational research is often used when: a. researchers want to know why something happened b. researchers are attempting to determine a causal relationship c. researchers want to know how three or more variables are related d. random assignment to some experimental condition would be unethical
d. random assignment to some experimental condition would be unethical
Suppose you are telling your friend about a woman you just met. You tell your friend that this person seemed very compassionate and was interested in helping others; however, you can't recall what her profession is. On the basis of the ____ heuristic, your friend will probably think the woman is a ____. a. availability; nurse b. representativeness; businesswoman c. availability; businesswoman d. representativeness; nurse
d. representativeness; nurse
Bill does not think he is going to do well on the exam, so he goes out to the bar to drink with his friends the night before instead of studying and getting some sleep. Bill is engaging in self-defeating behavior in order to have a ready excuse should he do poorly on the exam. This is also known as: a. self-adjustment b. counterfactual thinking c. impression management d. self-handicapping e. cognitive dissonance
d. self-handicapping
Researchers like Diener (Halloween study) and the UGA researchers (nurse study) were interested in the effects of deindividuation. To sum up their findings, when in crowds: a. we become more self-aware b. people are more willing to be dishonest c. we are more aggressive d. we are more susceptible to situational cues, whether positive or negative e. people are usually socially inhibited
d. we are more susceptible to situational cues, whether positive or negative
All of the following statements about natural selection are accurate except: a. It suggests that behaviors that increase survival or reproductive chances are selected for b. It emphasizes that population characteristics change gradually over time c. It explains the ways in which humans are common or similar d. It can help us understand modern behavior by thinking about previous evolutionary challenges e. It highlights how problems our ancestors faced have little effect on how we think or behave today
e. It highlights how problems our ancestors faced have little effect on how we think or behave today
We discussed conditions under which individualism flourishes. Which of the following is one of those conditions? a. rural settings b. all of the above c. aging d. poverty e. affluence
e. affluence
Which of the following is NOT a way to increase helping? a. socializing altruism b. modeling altruism c. increase responsibility d. increase concern for self-image e. all of the above are examples
e. all of the above are examples
Kevin is a workaholic who typically spends a few hours at the bar every evening, and he has only had very casual romantic relationships. We might think that Kevin has a(n) _____ attachment style, which was a result of ____ style of caregiving. a. anxious; inconsistent b. avoidant; inconsistent c. secure; warm and supportive d. secure; cold and distant e. avoidant; cold and distant
e. avoidant; cold and distant
People who are motivated and able to think through an issue are best persuaded by: a. authority figures b. the elaboration likelihood model c. heuristic route processing d. peripheral route processing e. central route processing
e. central route processing
Zajonc resolved the debate between social facilitation and social inhibition by introducing his _______. He thought that increased arousal would _______. a. mere presence theory; facilitate dominant responses b. drive theory; inhibit dominant responses c. evaluation apprehension theory; facilitate dominant responses d. evaluation apprehension theory; inhibit dominant responses e. drive theory; facilitate dominant responses
e. drive theory; facilitate dominant responses
Which of the following is false about the mere exposure effect? a. it even works for stimuli presented subliminally b. it works for both people and objects c. it continues to work once we know about the effect d. there are limits to the exposure effect because overexposure can actually reduce liking e. it works even when we initially strongly dislike the stimulus
e. it works even when we initially strongly dislike the stimulus
Carlos has a meeting with his boss where he receives both positive and negative feedback regarding his job performance. Carlos's greater sensitivity to what his boss tells him he is doing wrong reflects: a. perseverance effects b. priming c. mood congruence effects d. confirmation bias e. negativity bias
e. negativity bias
Article 3 and our class discussion on implicit theories, mentioned all of the following self-regulatory challenges that incremental theorists (growth mindset) cope with more successfully than entity theorists (fixed mindset) except: a. stereotype threat b. social challenges c. middle school transition d. dysphoria e. physical ailments
e. physical ailments
According to Buss's study of mating preferences in 37 cultures, males tend to prefer _____ in females, whereas females prefer _____ in males. a. ambition & physical attractiveness; earning potential & youth b. physical attractiveness & earning potential; ambition & youth c. ambition & earning potential; physical attractiveness & youth d. youth & ambition; earning potential & physical attractiveness e. physical attractiveness & youth; ambition & earning potential
e. physical attractiveness & youth; ambition & earning potential
The social psychological theory that suggests that we seek self-esteem because it is an important indicator of belonging and inclusion is: a. self-control theory b. self-evaluation maintenance theory c. terror-management theory d. social comparison theory e. sociometer theory
e. sociometer theory
Jack cheats on his income taxes and consoles himself with the thought that everyone else probably cheats a little, too. This rationalization represents: a. actor-observer effect b. unrealistic optimism c. the false uniqueness effect d. the fundamental attribution error e. the false consensus effect
e. the false consensus effect
