PSY 322 Exam 3

______ is an average representation of a category. a. A prototype b. An exemplar c. A unit d. A component

a. A prototype

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence? a. Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night. b. The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the corner of the room. c. The cats won't bake. d. The fishermen were frightened by the walrus.

a. Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night.

Mental-scanning experiments found a. a positive linear relationship between scanning time and distance on the image. b. a negative linear relationship between scanning time and distance on the image. c. a constant scanning time for all locations on an image. d. that imagery does not represent spatial relations in the same way perceptual information does.

a. a positive linear relationship between scanning time and distance on the image.

If you say that "a Labrador retriever is my idea of a typical dog," you would be using the _____ approach to categorization. a. exemplar b. definitional c. family resemblance d. prototype

a. exemplar

Noam Chomsky proposed that a. humans are genetically programmed to acquire and use language. b. language is learned through the mechanism of reinforcement. c. as children learn language, they produce only sentences they have heard before. d. the underlying basis of language is different across cultures.

a. humans are genetically programmed to acquire and use language.

According to Collins and Quillian's semantic network model, it should take longest to verify which statement below? a. Pigs are pigs. b. A pig is an animal. c. A pig is a pig. d. A pig is a mammal.

b. A pig is an animal.

Which property below is NOT one of the characteristics that makes human language unique? a. Hierarchical structure b. Communication c. Governed by rules d. all of these make human language unique

b. Communication

Shepard and Metzler measured the time it took for participants to decide whether two objects were the same (two different views of the same object) or different (two different objects). These researchers inferred cognitive processes by using a. image scanning. b. mental chronometry. c. epiphenomena. d. propositional representations.

b. mental chronometry.

Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features. Most fish have gills, fins, and scales. Sharks lack the feature of scales, yet they are still categorized as fish. This poses a problem for the _______ approach to categorization. a. prototype b. exemplar c. definitional d. family resemblance

c. definitional

Kosslyn interpreted the results of his research on imagery (such as the island experiment) as supporting the idea that the mechanism responsible for imagery involves ____ representations. a. epiphenomenal b. propositional c. spatial d. unilateral

c. spatial

B.F. Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through a. parsing. b. genetic coding. c. syntactic framing. d. reinforcement.

d. reinforcement.

In their imagery study, Finke and Pinker presented a four-dot display briefly to participants. After a two-second delay, participants then saw an arrow, and their task was to indicate whether the arrow would have pointed to any of the dots in the previous display. The significance of their results was they called into question the ____ explanation of imagery. a. epiphenomenon b. depictive representation c. spatial representation d. tacit-knowledge

d. tacit-knowledge