PSY 3330 Health Psychology Chapter 1

Claudia goes to the university health center complaining of a sore throat and headache. A blood test reveals that her white blood cell count is high, and a throat culture reveals a streptococcus infection. What is true?

The results of the blood test and throat culture are signs of illness

The term "health", as used by the author of the textbook, is best described as

a positive state of mental, social, and physical well-being

In discussing the illness and health continuum, Antonovsky emphasizes

a revised focus toward what helps people stay healthy

Medical history notes for a young woman with a skin rash to her "conflicting feelings about being physically close to her husband". Her physician seems to accept a ________ explanation for her illness

• Psychosomatic

Dr. Martinez is conducting an in-depth study of a patient exposed to farm pesticides. Dr. Martinez is probably using a

• Single-subject design

Which of the following is NOT one of the healthful behaviors studied by Belloc and Breslow (1972)?

• Taking one aspirin per day

The position of Rene Descartes on the mind/body problem can best be described as:

• agreeing with Plato and disagreeing with Aquinas on the unitary nature of mind and body

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for an individual developing cancer?

• all of the above are risk factors

Risk factors for a health problem

• are associated with diseases

Jane feels a numbness in her hand and has been to several doctors, who have found no organic cause for her problem. She might be suffering from

• conversion hysteria

The work on biofeedback by physiological psychologists has shown us that

• even internal functions like heart rate and blood pressure can be controlled with psychological methods

30. Which of the following is the least likely to be studied by a modern health psychologist?

• how to differentiate organic symptoms from conversion hysteria

9. The procedure referred to as trephination

• is believed to have been done in the past for superstitious reasons

The proposition that all diseases can be explained by disturbances in physiological processes

• is the basis of the biomedical model

In Belloc and Breslow's study of longevity and health practices

• the health of older participants who practiced all seven health habits was similar to that of much younger participants

Which of the following was NOT an advance in science and medicine in the 18th and 19th centuries?

• the rejection of the belief that the mind and body are separate

A main contribution of Galen to knowledge about illness

• was to discover that illness can be localized in specific parts of the body

In his continuum of illness and health, Aaron Antonovsky suggested that

his model represents differing health statuses

Smoking has been identified as a risk factor in each of the following health problems except

obesity

In deciding which research methods to use, a researcher might keep in mind that

Experimental and nonexperimental methods can be effectively combined in the same study

Infectious diseases were

all of the above

Melody has been having a great deal if difficulty in her attempt to quit smoking. Which of the following might be reasons for her lack of success?

all of the above

People whose personalities include high levels of _____ seem to be "disease prone."

all of the above

Common definitions of health include

both b and c

A person living in the United States today

is more likely to die of a chronic disease than any other cause of mortality

The decline in the death rate from infectious diseases by the end of the 19th century was largely the result of

preventative measures

Suppose that a recent study found an increase in heart and lung disease among people aged 50-60. Further study revealed that, compared to people 20 years younger, these individuals tended to smoke more during their young adulthood, because they were not aware of the health effects of smoking at that time. This difference between individuals raised at different times is an example of

• A cohort effect

Researchers reported that there is a strong relationship between height and IQ: as height goes up, IG goes up. They are reporting

• A positive correlation

To study the effects of cigarette smoking on breast cancer, 500 healthy teenaged girls were recruited to participate in a study that tracked their smoking (or nonsmoking) behavior and cancer incidence for five decades. This is an example of

• A prospective study

Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine"

• All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding the role of emotions in health and illness?

• All of the above

A biopsychosocial approach to dealing with an adolescent girl's weight problem would be likely to consider

• All of these

Which of the following statements about chronic disease is true?

• Although we know more about the causes of chronic diseases, advances in their treatment have been modest

Which of the following approaches would a specialist in behavioral medicine be most likely to use in treating a chronic headache?

• Biofeedback

Dr. Lee believes that disease occurs independently from our psychological and social experience. Dr. Lee believes in the ____________ theory.

• Biomedical

A "humor" is a

• Bodily fluid

Nonexperimental or correlational studies

• Can generate predictive information

Mei-Lin has lost the use of her legs after being in a biking accident. Her health psychologist is working with her to cognitively redefine the experience as a challenge rather than a disaster. This technique is classified as a(n) _____ method.

• Cognitive

A ______ study would NOT be an example of a quasi-experimental study.

• Correlational

A reasonable assumption that can be made about monozygotic twins is

• Differences between them are environmentally determined

The method of experiment design in which the subject and the experimenter are unaware of which group they are assigned is called the

• Double-blind procedure

A student researcher writes in his report that his statistical analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of +2.13 between the two variables in his study. His reported correlation coefficient

• Is an error

Which of the following is not necessarily a component of a useful theory?

• It has been proven to be correct

Which of the following is NOT true of the systems concept in health psychology?

• It takes into account an unchanging, interrelated group of parts.

Considering the psychosocial characteristics of the following people, which one is most likely to develop an illness?

• John, an anxious and pessimistic news director who frequently "blows up" at his staff

Which of the following illustrates a difference between experimental and non-experimental approaches to research?

• Only experimental methods can imply causation

In a study of the effects of an anti-inflammatory drug on chronic jaw pain, one group receives an inactive substance in the form of a pill. This group receives

• Placebo

Which of the following is not an example of an indirect way that health psychologists help patients?

• Providing therapy to a patient to assist in adjustment to a chronic illness