PSY 381 exam 2
The DSM-5 criterion for conduct disorder involves several categories of behaviors. Which of the following is NOT a category of criteria?
Argumentative/defiant disorders
Which of the following statements is true of exhibitionism?
Arousal comes from observing the victim's surprise, fear, or disgust or from a fantasy that the victim is becoming sexually aroused
What do most people with narcolepsy experience in addition to sleepiness?
Cataplexy
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cognitive factors involved in conduct disorder?
Children with conduct disorder tend to consider a narrow range of responses to perceived provocation by others.
Which of the following research observations is true of violence by mentally ill people?
Clinicians do not probe mentally ill women for evidence of a tendency toward violence as much as they do mentally ill men.
Approximately _____% of individuals diagnosed with childhood-onset conduct disorder are also diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder as adults.
35
The standard DSM-5 levels of functioning scale for diagnosing a personality disorder ranges from 0 to:
4
Other specified eating disorder has a prevalence of approximately _____ in the general population.
5%
Twin studies find that the concordance rate for antisocial behaviors is nearly _____ in MZ twins.
50 percent
The DSM-5 includes _____ separate personality disorders.
6
Which of the following refers to the second stage of sleep that is characterized by an occasional sharp rise and fall in the amplitude of the entire EEG?
K-complex
People with _____ starve themselves, subsisting on little or no food for very long periods of time, yet they remain sure that they need to lose more weight.
anorexia nervosa
People in high-stress jobs are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly if their jobs are:
highly demanding but provide them with little control
John feels that his memory is failing. His friends say that his behavior has changed of late and complain about his irregular jerks, grimaces, and twitches. John is most likely suffering from:
huntington's disease
The DSM-5's approach to personality disorders is a _____ model.
hybrid
As children, people who develop schizotypal personality disorder are:
hypersensitive to criticism
_____ is a condition in which blood flows through vessels with excessive force, putting pressure on vessel walls.
hypertension
The _____ plays a central role in regulating eating.
hypothalamus
People with ____ circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder have sleep that tends to be fragmented into at least three periods per 24 hours?
irregular slew-wake type
The notion of "diminished capacity" is most closely aligned with the _____ rule.
irresistible impulse
Alzheimer's disease usually begins with _____.
mild bouts of memory loss
Women with low sexual desire are:
more likely than men to report anxiety, depression, and life stress
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of delirium?
neurocognitive disorder
Which of the following brain abnormalities did Alois Alzheimer observe during an autopsy of a 51-year-old patient who had displayed severe memory loss and disorientation in the four years prior to her death?
neurofibrillary tangles
Which of the following is an alkaloid found in tobacco?
nicotine
According to research, which of the following statements about nightmares is typically true?
nightmares are more common in children than in adults
Which class of inhalants dilates blood vessels and relaxes muscles and is sometimes used as sex enhancers?
nitrites
People with schizotypal personality disorder are more likely than orders to have unusual beliefs about the:
significance of random events
_____ therapy involves initially limiting the amount of time insomniacs can try to sleep in the night.
sleep restriction
Which of the following is characterized by episodes of decreased breathing associated with high carbon dioxide levels?
sleep-related hypoventilation
People with avoidant personality disorder:
tend to have more severe and generalized anxiety about social situations than people with social anxiety disorder.
Research suggests that violent behavior among mentally ill women:
tends to be underestimated by clinicians
One long-standing theory is that aggressiveness, such as that shown by people with antisocial personality disorder, is linked to the hormone _____.
testosterone
Research has shown that males with high levels of the hormone _____ are more likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior than males with lower levels.
testosterone
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely than children without a psychological disturbance to belong to families:
that experience frequent disruptions, and aggressive parents.
Cerebrovascular disease occurs due to:
tissue damage in the brain due to a shortage of blood supply
Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?
tremulousness, weakness, and profuse perspiration
Therapist who work with people with gender identity disorder typically:
try to help them clarify their gender identity and desire for treatment
A core characteristic of bulimia nervosa is:
uncontrolled eating
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CHAPTER 11
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Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is _____ or above.
0.08
The "DSM-5" states criteria for the diagnosis of premature ejaculation by specifying that a man must ejaculate within _____ of beginning sexual activity and before the man wishes it on _____ of occasions over a period of at least _____.
1 minute; 75%; 6 months
The DSM-IV included _____ separate personality disorders.
10
Approximately _____ of women experience report frequent pain during intercourse.
12 to 39
Major depression occurs in _____ percent of hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease.
15 to 20
In the United States, young adults between _____ have the highest rates of alcohol consumption and make up the largest proportion of problem drinkers of any age group.
18 and 24
Alois Alzheimer first described a type of dementia that is now known as Alzheimer's disease in _____.
1906
Nationwide, the number of children prescribed stimulant medications increased by _____ percent in the past two decades.
200 to 300
_____ of all Americans do not get any exercise at all.
25 %
Ivor was sent to a mental institution after he was found "not guilty by reason of insanity." If his stay there is the average length of institutionalization, Ivor will be institutionalized for _____.
3 years
Athena was found "not guilty by reason of insanity" after murdering her husband. If her stay there is the average length of institutionalization, Athena will be most likely be institutionalized for _____.
6 years
People who sleep fewer than 6 hours each night have a _____ percent higher mortality rate than those who sleep at least 7 or 8 hours each night
70
What percentage of the women with the depressive subtype of binge-eating developed major depression over the eight-year period after the study conducted by Stice et al.?
80%
A longitudinal study in Oregon, which focused on adolescents with less severe eating disorders which the researchers called partial-syndrome eating disorders, found that approximately _____ of these adolescents had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder when they were in their early 20s.
90%
Which of the following statements is true of the cultural differences in eating disorders?
A meta-analysis found that bulimia nervosa is considerably more common in Westernized cultures than in non-Westernized cultures.
Which of the following is true about drug treatments and psychotherapies in treating bulimia?
Adding cognitive-behavioral therapy to antidepressant treatment increases the rate of recovery from the disorder.
Which of the following statements is true of gender dysphoria?
Adults who might be diagnosed with gender dysphoria are also referred to as transsexuals.
Which of the following statements is true of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Adults with ADHD are at high risk for depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse.
Which type of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders involves a persistent pattern of sleep onset and awakenings that are 2 or more hours earlier than desired?
Advanced sleep phase
Luc bullies other kids, initiates fights, and has date raped his girlfriend. These behaviors are all criteria for conduct disorder under _____.
Aggression towards people with animals
Which of the following is one of the interpersonal categories on the levels of function scale for diagnosing personality disorders?
Agreeableness
Which form of mental health care is most likely to be provided for prison inmates?
Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings for substance abusers
Which of the following did DSM-5 drop from the anorexia nervosa diagnostic criteria?
Amenorrhea
Rodney is experiencing premature ejaculation and his primary care physician has suggested several antidepressants that may be helpful. Which of the following is Rodney's physician most likely to prescribe?
Anafranil
Which of the following statements is true of relationship problems and sexual dysfunction?
Anorgasmia in women may be tied to lack of communication between a woman and her male partner
Mentally ill women are _____ mentally ill men to commit violent acts toward others.
As likely as
Claude was high on cocaine when he viciously assaulted a stranger. Because he was not completely aware of his actions at the time, Claude pled insanity. Based on which legal case was his case thrown out of court?
Barrett v. United States
Which of the following statements is true about the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Boys are more likely than girls to develop ADHD in childhood and early adolescence.
An area of the inferior frontal gyrus called _____ is involved in the ability to articulate and analyze words.
Broca's area
Charlie has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). His medication improves his level of attention and helps him control his impulsive behavior, but he often experiences dryness in his mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and constipation. Which of the following drugs is Charlie most likely taking for his condition?
Clonidine
Which of the following statements is true of hormone therapy for gender identity disorder?
Cross-sex hormone therapy stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics of the preferred sex and suppresses those of the birth sex.
Which of the following is NOT recognized by the DSM-5 as a distinct personality disorder?
Dependent personality disorder
Which of the following psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder focuses on helping clients gain a more realistic and positive sense of self, learn adaptive skills for solving problems and regulating emotions, and correct dichotomous thinking?
Dialectical behavior therapy
Which of the following types of insanity defense was done away with by all jurisdictions in the 1970s?
Durham rule
Which of the following statements is true of Alzheimer's disease?
Family history studies suggest that 24 to 49 percent of first-degree relatives of a patient eventually develop the disease.
Joshua has been discharged from a psychiatric hospital. He was admitted and treated for major depression. Joshua has discontinued his medications and uses alcohol to self-medicate. He has become increasingly violent. Who would most likely be the target of his violence?
Family members
_____ involves the use of nonliving objects for sexual arousal or gratification.
Fetishistic disorder
Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant approved for the treatment of the sleep disorder narcolepsy?
GHB
Which of the following is a drug that was widely used by bodybuilders and athletes to lose fat and build muscle and was available over the counter in health food stores in the 1980s?
GHB
____ goes by the street name G. and Liquid Ecstasy, and is also considered to be a date-rape drug.
GHB
Larry is profoundly mentally retarded. His parents were recently killed in a car accident. Larry is unable to care for himself. In the context civil commitment, which of the following criteria does Larry satisfy?
Grave disability
For which of the following reasons are African-Americans more likely than European Americans to develop vascular dementia?
Higher rates of hypertension and cardiovascular disease
According to research, which of the following groups is more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?
Hispanics
Darius was in intensive care with no visitors after a routine appendectomy. Everything was sterile, white, and boring. Darius began to hallucinate. The most likely diagnosis for Darius would be _____.
ICU psychosis
_____ means that a patient accepts treatment after receiving a full and understandable explanation of the treatment being offered and makes a decision based on his or her own judgment of the risks and benefits of the treatment.
Informed consent
Rhonda takes her three daughters to the bridge and pushes them over the railing into the cold waters below. She tells her lawyer that God told her to do it if the she wanted her children to escape from the bad mother that she was. Which of the following is her court-appointed lawyer most likely to use in court to justify her actions?
Insanity
Vaughn has violent outbursts that scare his coworkers. He has even destroyed property and been arrested for assault. His outbursts are disproportionate to the amount of frustration the incident should generate and has now led to him being fired as well as a no contact order being placed on him from his girlfriend. He may well meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for:
Intermittent explosion disorder.
Which of the following is true about the verdict of "guilty but mentally ill"?
It has been adopted by some states as an alternative to the verdict of "not guilty by reason of insanity."
Which of the following is true of Internet-based health interventions?
Many behavioral interventions of this nature aim to increase people's exercise and improve their diet
Which of the following statements is true about gay, lesbian, and bisexual people?
Many problems in sexual functioning experienced by gay, lesbian, and bisexual people may have to do with society's attitudes toward them.
Which of the following is a valid research finding?
Married couples who argue more show poorer immunological functioning than other married couples.
The best-studied family therapy for persons with anorexia is known as the:
Maudsley model
Which of the following is true about athletes and eating disorders?
May, who is an elite athlete, is more likely develop an eating disorder than June, who is a non-elite athlete.
_____ is based on the argument that people with borderline personality disorder have fundamental difficulty understanding the mental states of themselves and others because of traumatic experiences in childhood and poor attachment to their caregivers.
Mentalization-based treatment
Which of the following is true about treatment for sexual dysfunction?
Most people who are troubled by sexual dysfunction receive only medication, and no psychological services.
Which of the following is NOT a category of odd cognition seen in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder?
Narcissism
Which of the following personality disorders is more likely to endorse beliefs such as "I don't have to be bound by rules that apply to other people"?
Narcissistic personality disorder
Epidemiological studies have indicated that antisocial personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders, with approximately _____ of the general population being diagnosed with the disorder at some time in their lives.
Neuroimaging studies show abnormalities in the functioning of the anterior cingulate, an area of the brain involved in responding to emotional stimuli.
_____ is a personality trait characterized by hyperreactivity to stress and poor coping skills.
Neuroticism
In which of the following cases was it ruled that, "a State cannot constitutionally confine...a nondangerous individual, who is capable of surviving safely in freedom by himself or with the help of willing and responsible family and friends"?
O'Connor v. Donaldson
Which of the following is true about the connection between Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome?
People with Down syndrome are more likely than the general population to develop Alzheimer's disease in late life.
Which of the following has been observed to improve the health of cancer patients?
Reduced stress levels
Which of the following is widely used in treatment for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
Relaxation techniques
CHAPTER 9
Personality Disorders
Which of the following is true about the verdict "guilty but mentally ill"?
Proponents argue that it recognizes defendants' mental illness while still holding them responsible for their actions.
Which of the following statements is true regarding treatment for antisocial personality disorder?
Psychotherapy tends to focus on controlling anger and impulsive behaviors, developing coping strategies, and increasing empathy.
Which of the following high school students is most likely to develop an eating disorder?
Randy, who is a bodybuilder
As with avoidant personality disorder, which of the following is characterized by withdrawal from social situations?
Schizotypal personality disorder
Which of the following is true about schizotypal personality disorder?
Schizotypal personality disorder is much more common in the first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia than in the relatives of other psychiatric patients.
Which of the following best describes a stroke?
Sudden damage to an area of the brain due to the blockage of blood flow or hemorrhaging
Which of the following is NOT a biological intervention that has been used to treat pedophilia?
Surgery on areas of the brain thought to control sexual behavior
_____ requires the defense to prove that the defendant was insane at the time of the crime, as opposed to requiring the prosecution to prove that the defendant was sane at the time the crime was committed.
The Insanity Defense Reform Act
Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse?
The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use.
Which of the following statements is true of the "dangerousness to self" criterion for civil commitment?
The individual is often admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility for a few days while undergoing further evaluation and possibly treatment.
Which of the following is most likely to occur if a person is experiencing a deficit in executive functioning?
The person may have difficulty planning a large dinner party.
Which of the following is true of the early-onset type of Alzheimer's disease?
The progression of Alzheimer's disease in the early-onset type tends to be quicker than in the late-onset type.
Which of the following observations is true of immune systems?
The response of the specific immune system is tailored to the particular type of pathogen present.
Which of the following rights is not recognized in some states and in most states can be overruled in many circumstances?
The right to refuse treatment
Which of the following statements is true about sexual sadism and sexual masochism?
The sexual rituals in sadism and masochism involve physical restriction, the administration of pain, hypermasculinity practices, and humiliation.
Which of the following is true about neurofibrillary tangles?
The tangles are common in the brains of Alzheimer's patients but rare in people without neurocognitive disorders.
Which of the following statements is true regarding drug therapies for conduct disorder?
Traditional antipsychotic medications, such as Haldol and Mellaril, have been used to treat children with conduct disorder, with some success
_____ uses the relationship between patient and therapist to help patients develop a more realistic and healthy understanding of themselves and their interpersonal relationships.
Transference-focused therapy
Which of the following cases established a patient's right to treatment?
Wyatt v. Stickney (1971)
Which of the following prescription drugs would most likely NOT diminish sexual drive and arousal and interfere with orgasm?
a statin ---- a) an antidepressant b) an antipsychotic d) an antihypertensive
Borderline personality disorder is characterized by hypersensitivity to _____.
abandonment
Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop anorexia?
abigail, 18, a caucasian college student
What percentage of stroke patients develop cognitive deficits serious enough to qualify for a diagnosis of dementia?
about 25%
Controlled studies of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia find that _____ the clients completely stop the binge/purge cycle.
about half
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
adhedonia - a generalized lack of interest in anything in life ----- a) behaviors that violate basic social norms and values b) deceitful behavior such as repeated lying or conning others for profit or pleasure c) indifference to the pain and suffering they have caused others
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder tend to seek _____.
admiration
Which of the following groups has the highest rate of obesity?
african americans
Because of _____, the body learns how to react more efficiently to stress when it comes and goes, is not severe, and does not persist for long periods of time.
allostasis
When the fight-or-flight response is caused by an immediate stressor, the response is useful and then subsides. This adaptation is called:
allostasis
When a person closes his or her eyes and relaxes, the brain waves characteristically show a regular pattern of 8 to 12 hertz. These waves are known as:
alpha waves
_____ are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems, narcolepsy, and chronic fatigue.
amphetamines
Studies show that people with borderline personality disorder have greater activation of the _____, which may contribute to the difficulty they have in regulating their moods.
amygdala
Under the DSM-5 approach, the first step in diagnosing a personality disorder is determining:
an individual's level of functioning
Dennis is undergoing treatment to stop alcohol use. He cannot even take one alcoholic drink because he starts to feel sick and dizzy and feels like vomiting. Which drug is he using?
antabuse
Which of the following is widely used in treatment for schizotypal personality disorder?
antidepressants
_____ appear to suppress the virus in those infected with HIV and to slow the development of AIDS.
antiretroviral drugs
A person experiencing _____ will have difficulty carrying out actions such as washing their hands when requested.
apraxia
The _____ phase of the sexual response cycle combines a psychological experience of pleasure and the physiological changes known as vasocongestion and myotonia.
arousal
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are characterized by _____.
arrogance
What is the process in which the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance called plaque and inflammation of the vessel walls?
atherosclerosis
Her teachers and peers consider Alondra aggressive. While walking down the hall at school, she is accidentally bumped by another child. She assumes that the other girl bumped her on purpose and meant to provoke a fight. According to Dodge and Pettit, she is having and issue with her:
attribution or interpretation
Simone meets all the criteria for anorexia nervosa EXCEPT that she falls within normal weight range. According to the DSM-5 criteria, she will most likely meet the criteria for _____.
atypical anorexia nervosa
Drugs such as disulfiram that make the ingestion of alcohol unpleasant or toxic are given to people who are alcohol dependent. This is an example of:
aversive classical conditioning
____ involves denying that you are ill or are facing other obvious stresses.
avoidance coping
Individuals diagnosed with personality disorder based on the disinhibition dimension of the DSM-5 tend to:
be impulsive, risk-taking, and irresponsible
Men with pedophilia are more likely to have:
been sexually abused
_____ theories of paraphilia explain them as resulting from initial associations of intense early sexual arousal with a particular stimulus.
behavioral
Health psychology is also referred to as:
behavioral medicine
_____ is the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors such as violating laws.
behavioral undercontrol
Alicia's doctor has prescribed medication to help with her anxiety and insomnia. Which of the following best represents the class of medications he most likely prescribed?
benzodiazepines
Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:
benzodiazepines
Which of the following has proven to be most reliably effective in the treatment of insomnia?
benzodiazepines
What percentage of children diagnosed with conduct disorder are eventually diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder as adults?
between 35 and 40 percent
Enrique is significantly overweight and is distressed with his body image. He often will eat at the all-you-can-eat buffet and then feels a lack of control due to it. According to the DSM-5 criteria, he will most likely meet the criteria for _____.
binge-eating disorder
Engaging in episodes of recurring overeating and use of laxatives/enemas to keep weight low falls under the _____ type of anorexia nervosa in the DSM-5.
binge/purge
Which term refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated?
blackout
A child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder is most likely to:
blame others for their own mistakes
When we fall asleep and when we awaken are strongly influenced by our biological rhythms, particularly:
body temperature rhythms
Fredrique is of normal weight and is over-concerned with his body image. He often will eat at the all-you-can-eat buffet and then because he feels a lack of control over eating that much, he will use excessive exercising to control his weight. According to the DSM-5 criteria, he will most likely meet the criteria for _____.
bulimia nervosa
Laurell is of normal weight and is over-concerned with her weight and figure. She often will eat an entire box of doughnuts and then because she feels a lack of control over eating that much will use laxatives to get rid of the unwanted calories. According to the DSM-5 criteria, Laurell will most likely meet the criteria for _____.
bulimia nervosa
Other drugs can be used in conjunction with antidepressants to reduce their sexual side effects. One drug that has proven helpful in this regard is _____.
bupropion
_____ is by far the most heavily used stimulant.
caffeine
Which of the following is one of the top five leading causes of death in the twenty-first century?
cancer
Marijuana, weed, pot, grass, reefer, and Mary Jane are terms used to refer to:
cannabis
Which of the following is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States?
cannabis
Which of the following substances has relatively low risk for tolerance?
cannabis
People with _____ experience complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods of time yet do not have frequent awakenings and do not tend to feel tired during the day.
central sleep apnea
Clayton often stutters saying things like "I-I-I-I see him". Because the kids at school have started teasing him, the school psychologist has recently diagnosed him as having a _____, so that he can get help.
childhood onset fluency disorder
Which of the following statements is true about fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
children with fetal alcohol syndrome have an average IQ of 68
In the Maudsley model of family therapy, parents are:
coached to take control over their child's eating and weight.
Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He has most likely taken:
cocaine
STEPPS is a _____ therapy treatment for borderline personality disorder.
cognitive
Jonas's therapist has been working with him on identifying triggers for explosive outbursts and appraising situations in ways that don't provoke aggression. His therapist is taking a _____ approach.
cognitive behavioral
The most common treatment for intermittent explosive disorder is:
cognitive behavioral
According to Harvey, _____ maintain insomnia.
cognitive factors
Interventions based on the _____ of alcohol abuse and dependency help clients identify situations in which they are most likely to drink and lose control over their drinking, as well as their expectations that alcohol will help them cope in those situations
cognitive models
From which theoretical perspective are most psychotherapies for conduct disorder derived?
cognitive-behavioral
_____ therapies are the most researched treatment for anorexia nervosa.
cognitive-behavioral
A loss of sexual desire and functioning is:
common among people with schizophrenia
Which is the most common disease in which the immune system plays a role?
common cold
Avoidant personality disorder is:
comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Limited prosocial emotions like, lack of remorse or guilt for ones actions, lack of empathy and lack of concern for performance at school or work, are a specifier for _____ disorder in the DSM-5.
conduct disorder
Silas is aggressive to people, destroys his neighbor's property, and constantly steals and lies to his parents and others. Silas is likely to have a _____.
conduct disorder
Gwendolyn weighs 85 pounds and has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following factors is likely to present a major difficulty with respect to treating her in therapy?
control
The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes _____, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s) during the second or third day.
convulsive seizures
Abuse of and dependence on alcohol:
decline as people age
Bruch argues that girls from overcontrolling families:
deeply fear separation from their families
All of the following are withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids, EXCEPT:
delirium treatments
Which of the following statements is true about the causes of dementia?
dementia can be caused by a deficiency in thiamine
According to Stice and colleagues, women with the _____ subtype of binge eating are plagued by feelings of depression and low self-esteem and often eat to quell these feelings.
depressive
A child diagnosed with intermittent explosion disorder is most likely to perform which of the following behaviors?
destroy property
Cognitive theorists have argued that some people with narcissistic personality disorder:
develop the belief that they are unique or exceptional as a defense against rejection.
Jonas displays deficits in motor skills like running, catching, and throwing. He finds it very distressing as the other children already tease him because of his attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. So that he can get occupational therapy to help with the delay, his school psychologist has added a diagnosis of:
developmental coordination disorder
_____ involves deficits in fundamental motor skills, such as walking, running, or holding on to objects.
developmental coordination disorder
One the most common biological contributors to sexual dysfunction is _____.
diabetes
The philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is based on the _____ model of alcoholism.
disease
Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that the person with binge-eating disorder:
does not regularly engage in purging or excessive exercise.
Cocaine prevents the reuptake of _____ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.
dopamine
The symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of brain cells that produce the neurotransmitter _____.
dopamine
Because of his father's antisocial behaviors, Nico's dad has had difficulties keeping good jobs. His family lives in a poor neighborhood and has much financial difficulty. Based on everyone's negativity, he believes the world is against him. He hangs with the wrong kids and displays much of the aggressive and antisocial behaviors. This is an example of:
downward social drift
Families whose members engage in antisocial behaviors may experience a:
downward social drift
Mentally ill men who commit violence are more likely to have been _____ before the violence than are mentally ill women who commit violence.
drinking
Courts that focus specifically on drug offenders often are called _____.
drug courts
Enrique got arrested with a small amount of cocaine and now has been sent to courts that focus specifically on such offenders. He has most likely been sent to _____.
drug courts
In the DSM-5, the psychoticism dimension includes:
eccentricity
Mariposa tends to repeat words she hears her mother use. She also tends to reverse her pronouns using you instead of I and also has difficulty intonating pitch and tone. These speech patterns represent _____.
echolalia
The compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is also known as:
ecstasy
Luke and Tracy are attending counseling for their marital difficulties. Luke was reluctant to discuss their sex life with a "total stranger." Tracy insists that the therapist will be able to help them. The therapist probably began their session by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
encouraging the couple to avoid sensitive areas concerning their sexual behavior, especially during intimate moments.
People diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder:
shun interactions if there is a possibility of being criticized
Compared to Asians and Asian Americans, European Americans benefit more from:
explicit forms of seeking social support
As babies, children who develop conduct disorder tend to have been _____, at least as reported by their parents.
extremely rational
Teddy gets sexual gratification from stealing his girlfriend's underwear and masturbating into them. Teddy is exhibiting _____.
fetishism
According to a major study on violent activity among former psychiatric patients, which of the following groups had the lowest rate of violent activity?
former patients with a major mental disorder without a history of substance abuse
_____, a common cause of intellectual disability, is caused when a tip of the X chromosome breaks off.
fragile x syndrome
Some drugs, like cocaine and amphetamines produce a strong sense of reward or a "high" by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter _____.
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Nicholas believes that, despite his male genitalia, he is a woman. Nicholas is likely to be diagnosed with _____.
gender dysphoria
The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating anorexia involves:
giving rewards that are contingent on weight gain
The criterion that requires that people be so incapacitated by a mental disorder that they cannot care for their basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter is the _____ criterion.
grave disability
_____ provide people with explicit information about how to engage in positive health-related behaviors and with opportunities to do so in increasingly challenging situations.
guided mastery techniques
Tourette's disorder, persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder respond well to a behavioral therapy called:
habit reversal therapy
In the case of Joyce Brown, who was involuntarily hospitalized by Mayor Koch of New York, Joyce was able to win release based primarily on the grounds that she:
had no intention of being treated.
The _____ are a mixed group of substances, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and peyote.
hallucinogens
The insanity defense:
has increasingly become the defense for battered and abused women
A person being considered for involuntary commitment:
has the right to call and confront witnesses.
People with antisocial personality disorder:
have a low tolerance for frustration and often act impetuously
According to Linehan, people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder:
have deficits in emotional regulation
Women who consider hormone replacement therapy to increase sexual desire should be warned that the therapy could:
have masculinizing effects
Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers at increased risk for:
heart disease
April is receiving individual therapy from Dr. Gruber for her anorexia. Dr. Gruber will most likely:
help April reevaluate her thoughts about being thin.
Which form of pedophilia is the most common?
heterosexual men who are attracted to young girls
Robert has been experiencing a sexual dysfunction and is seeking medical treatment. Which of the following would be the least likely explanation for his problems?
high levels of testosterone
The idea that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are unable to maintain their attention and control their behavior at a level appropriate for their age because they are neurologically immature is known as the _____.
immaturity hypothesis
Male erectile disorder is sometimes referred to as _____.
impotence
When one member of a couple has a sexual dysfunction, it may be the result of problems in the couple's relationship, or it may be contributing to problems in the relationship. For this reason, many therapists prefer to treat sexual dysfunctions:
in the context of the couple's relationship
_____ are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors, which can be inhaled and which depress the central nervous system.
inhalants
In addition to subaverage intellectual functioning, a diagnosis of _____ requires that a child show deficits relative to his or her age group in at least two of the following skill areas: communication, self-care, home living, social or interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, academic skills, work, leisure, health, and personal safety.
intellectual disability
Malachi is playing baseball when the umpire calls a strike. He explodes and starts screaming at the umpire and even threatens him with the bat. He appears to be "out of control" because of his anger. This is typical of Malachi's reactions to frustration and anger. He may well meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for:
intermittent explosion disorder
Recurrent and frequent acts of impulsive acts of aggression that is out of proportion to the situation are characteristics of:
intermittent explosion disorder
Longitudinal studies have shown that women who:
internalize the thin ideal are more likely to develop bulimia
The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating bulimia involves:
introducing forbidden foods back into the client's diet
Zain has had a delinquency issue since he was a young child; he lives with Noelle who has no conduct problems. It is likely that he:
is likely to cease his delinquent acts permanently
Which of the following is true of sleepwalking?
it occurs during NREM sleep
Which of the following is a concern raised by mental health professionals about the insanity defense?
it requires after-the-fact judgements of a defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime
A problem associated with the M'Naghten rule is:
it requires that a person not know right from wrong at the time of the crime in order to be judged not guilty by reason of insanity
Which of the following observations is true of cocaine?
its effects wear off quickly
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a limited vocabulary, difficulty in learning new words, difficulty in retrieving words, and poor grammar?
language disorder
Which of the following is NOT a reason why men and women of a lower socioeconomic status may experience more sexual dysfunctions?
less imbalance of power in relationships
Lack of remorse or guilt for ones actions and lack of concern for performance at school or work, as well as shallow emotions demonstrates:
limited prosocial emotions
Which of these is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol misuse?
low-grade hypertension
A biological abnormality found in people with anorexia is:
lowered functioning of the hypothalamus
In the DSM-5, various forms of dementia are likely to be subsumed under one overarching category, _____.
major and mild neurocognitive disoders
According to a research study, youth with _____ were perceived as somewhat likely or very likely to be dangerous to themselves or others.
major depression or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Psychodynamically oriented theorists suggest that the symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder are:
maladaptive strategies for managing emotions and self-views
Almost 90 percent of the people who are acquitted after pleading the insanity defense are _____, and two-thirds are _____.
male; White
Which of the following observations about inhalants is true?
males are more likely than females to use inhalants
The goal of the stop-start technique is for the:
man to gain control over his ejaculations and to enjoy the sensation of being in the woman's vagina
Administering _____ at prescribed times during the day has been shown to enhance shifts of circadian rhythms in individuals with delayed sleep phase type, jet lag type, and shift work type circadian rhythm disorder.
melatonin
The doctrine that a person must have a "guilty mind" is known as _____ in Latin.
mens rea
Judges typically defer to the judgment of _____ about a person's mental illness and whether the criteria for commitment are met.
mental health professionals
Atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine are used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and operate by affecting the levels of _____.
norepinephrine
The Nun Study, a longitudinal study of several hundred elderly nuns in the School Sisters of Notre Dame, showed that:
nuns who entered old age with greater intellectual strength were less likely to develop severe dementia.
People with anorexia nervosa:
often develop elaborate rituals around food
Available studies suggest that about ____ admissions to inpatient psychiatric facilities in the United States is involuntary.
one in four
Which of the following is true of alcohol dependents or abusers in the United States?
only about 25% of them seek treatment
The insanity defense:
only requires that the person be judged insane at the time of committing the illegal act.
Humberto often loses his temper, argues with his teacher and parents, and his parents report he is vindictive. He is not aggressive toward people or shoplifts but he is hostile in general. Humberto is likely to have a _____.
oppositional defiant disorder
Epidemiological studies show that the most common eating disorder diagnosis is:
other specified feeding or eating disorder
The DSM-5 allows the diagnosis _____ for individuals who have some severe symptoms of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa but do not meet the criteria for either disorder.
other specified feeding or eating disorder
_____ is characterized by sexual activities that focus on nonliving objects, prepubescent children, nonconsenting adults, suffering, or humiliation.
paraphilia
In the "DSM-5", a _____ would be defined as a specific pattern of urges, fantasies, or behaviors, while diagnosis of a _____ would be given only when it causes distress or impairment, or entails harm or risk of harm to others.
paraphilia; paraphilic disorder
Doctors can recognize people with bulimia because of the fact that:
patients tend to have an electrolyte imbalance.
_____ is the erotic preference for prepubescent children.
pedophilia
Which of the following is a reason why abuse of and dependence on alcohol decline as people age?
people who have use alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age
Kathleen Vohs and colleagues suggested that disordered eating is especially likely to result when body dissatisfaction is combined with:
perfectionism and low self-esteem
Individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder tend to be highly:
perfectionistic
Oswaldo displays multiple motor tics, like facial grimacing, jerking his head, and neck stretching, but no vocal tics. Because he has only a motor tic and is not displaying vocal tics, his doctor has diagnosed him with:
persistent motor or vocal tic disorder
During the _____ phase of the sexual response cycle, excitement remains at a high but stable level.
plateau
All of the following are components of the Type A pattern as originally formulated, EXCEPT:
predictability of Reactons {a sense of time urgency; easily aroused hostility; predictability for reactions, competitive striving for achievement}
Al's wife has been complaining about their sex life. She feels he is experiencing difficulty controlling his orgasms. Like many young men, Al is likely experiencing _____.
premature ejaculation
This process of splitting, whereby individuals with borderline personality disorder see themselves and other people as either all good or all bad, was theorized in the _____ school of thought.
psychoanalytic
If a client is in _____ therapy, the therapist might explore the origins of the client's attitudes about sexual techniques in earlier relationships.
psychodynamic
Another word for a sociopath is:
psychopath
The number of separate personality disorders was _____ between the DSM-IV and the DSM-5.
reduced from 10 to 6
Incompetency to stand trial differs from insanity in legal terms in that it:
refers to the inability of the defendant to understand the charges against him.
Gossiping, cyber bullying, and getting others to ostracize someone are all behaviors that exemplify:
relational aggression
In terms of antisocial behavior, girls appear to engage in _____, such as excluding their peers, gossiping about them, and colluding with others to damage the social status of their targets, more so than boys.
relational aggression
Nadia excludes other girls from play, gossips about her "friends," and has ganged up with other girls to cyber bully others. These are examples of:
relational aggression
Engaging in excessive exercise in addition to limiting calorie intake falls under the _____ type of anorexia nervosa.
restricting
Mechanical interventions are available for men with erectile dysfunction. One such device is a hydraulic inflatable device, which allows a man to create an erection by pumping _____ into rods inserted in the penis.
saline
Individuals like Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie "Rain Man", who show an exceptionally high ability in one area but also have a moderate intellectual disability, are considered _____.
savants
The goals of guided mastery techniques are to increase people's skills as well as their:
self-efficancy beliefs
Some children perform stereotyped and repetitive behaviors using some parts of their body, such as incessantly flapping their hands or banging their head against a wall. These behaviors sometimes are referred to as _____.
self-stimulatory behaviors
Suzanne has been diagnosed with conduct disorder. Her therapist has been teaching her to talk to herself when she is faced with difficult situations. By repeating phrases that help to calm her down and control her impulsive behaviors, she learns to avoid reacting negatively to situations. Which technique is Suzanne's therapist using?
self-talk
Many people with bulimia show abnormalities in systems regulating the neurotransmitter _____.
serotonin
Most of the pharmacological treatments for intermittent explosion disorder target levels of:
serotonin
One type of personal trauma often associated with sexual desire disorders in women is _____.
sexual assault
A female who does not experience the normal physiological changes that make up the excitement or arousal phase of the sexual response cycle is most likely exhibiting symptoms of _____.
sexual interest/arousal disorder
People with _____ actively avoid sexual activities. When they do engage in sex, they may feel sickened by it or experience acute anxiety.
sexual interest/arousal disorder
Paula has been participating in sports since she was five. She is now at the elite level in her sport, and is under pressure to lose weight. She has developed some characteristics of anorexia. Paula is least likely to be participating in _____.
soccer
Marisol in third grade and when her teacher says "Hi", she doesn't respond with anything back. When the other kids ask her questions like "What did you do this weekend?" she also fails to respond appropriately. The school psychologist has recently diagnosed her as having a:
social communication disorder
Fred and Jennifer are having marital difficulties. He says that her negative attitude toward sex is frustrating. Jennifer admits that she goes overboard sometimes, but can't seem to change the way she thinks about sex. All of the following may contribute to Jennifer's negative perception of sexual intercourse EXCEPT _____.
socioeconomic statustry
Children with _____ do not use speech sounds appropriate for their age or dialect; they may substitute one sound for another or omit certain sounds.
speech sound disorder
Jennifer has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Her therapist noticed that she sees things as either "all good" or "all bad." This process is called _____.
splitting
Psychologists have linked the historical and cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of eating disorders to:
standards of beauty for women
Shoko engages in repetitive hair swirling and hand shaking. These are not tics as she continues to engage in the behaviors for long periods of time. Although she has been diagnosed with autism spectrum, her doctor is adding a diagnosis of _____ to allow her treatment.
stereotypic movement disorder
The behavioral component of cognitive-behavioral interventions for insomnia includes _____, which is, controlling conditions that might interfere with sleep.
stimulus control
Which of the following is the social/environmental factor most often studied by health psychologists?
stress
Antisocial personality disorder tends to have high comorbidity with _____.
substance abuse
Franco has fallen ill, lost his job and his wife has left him due to his problem with heroin. His friends and family are telling him that he is an addict because he is exhibiting:
substance dependence
Macklemore took something at a party earlier in the evening and is now showing changes in the function of his central nervous system that are manifesting in both behavior and physiology. He is most likely experiencing:
substance intoxication
_____ is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use.
substance withdrawal
_____ may occur during inhalant use due to acute irregularities in heartbeat or loss of oxygen.
sudden sniffing death
Dominic has been seeing Dr. Provine for help with his eating disorder. In a highly nondirective manner, Dr. Provine helps Dominic talk about problems related to his eating disorder, including those related to his interpersonal relationships. This is an example of _____.
supportive-expressive psychodynamic therapy
Drug treatments for people with borderline personality disorders have focused on reducing:
symptoms of anxiety and depression
"Sundowning" is a term used to indicate that:
symptoms of delirium worsen at night
Estella's therapist has her repeat phrases to help her avoid reacting negatively to situations. Her therapist's use of self-talk is trying to:
teach her to control impulsive behaviors
Which of the following statements is true regarding the biological factors involved in conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder?
teach her to control impulsive behaviors
Tabitha has her therapist following her around at recess trying to point out situations where she seems angry or has misbehaved. Her therapist is trying to:
teach her to recognize situations that trigger anger or aggressive impulses.
If a therapist and a child are discussing how to respond to another child that has cut in line in the cafeteria the therapist is attempting to:
teach the child adaptive problem solving skills
The first step in cognitive-behavioral therapy is to:
teach the child to recognize situations that trigger anger or aggressive impulses.
The crucial component of cognitive therapy with clients diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder is:
teaching them to look for objective evidence for their thoughts in the environment and to disregard bizarre thoughts.
The ruling in Barrett v. United States (1977) established:
that temporary insanity created by the voluntary use of alcohol or drugs did not qualify a defendant for acquittal by reason of insanity.
One of the most celebrated applications of the notion of diminished capacity was _____.
the Twinkie Defense
With the repeated use of substances such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines, more of the drug is needed to produce the desired effects. Which of the following helps explain this statement?
the brain reduces its production of dopamine
A major problem in applying the M'Naghten rule is determining:
the definition of a "disease of the mind"
Which of the following is the driving force behind most people's attempt to lose weight?
the desire to reduce body dissatisfaction
Which scenario is the most appropriate application of the grave disability criterion?
the inability to feed oneself
According to one theory, chronic low arousal is an uncomfortable state and leads to stimulation seeking. The direction stimulation seeking takes—toward antisocial activities or toward more neutral activities—may depend on:
the individual's intelligence and the reinforcements he or she receives
What are the two branches of the human immune system?
the innate immune system and the specific immune system
Prior to the mid-twentieth century, in the United States _____ was sufficient cause to hospitalize people against their will and force them to undergo treatment.
the need for treatment
Which of the following is true of Type A people?
the often fly into a rage with little provocation
In the event that the defendant, Carson, is judged incompetent to stand trial, _____.
the trial may be postponed as long as there is reason to believe he will become competent
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of borderline personality disorder?
unstable relationships
Gideon has erectile disorder. His doctor has recommended _____, which is a popular treatment for this problem.
viagra
When does obstructive sleep apnea occur?
when airflow is stopped due to a narrow airway or an obstruction in the air way
A therapist who treats a patient with anorexia should:
win and maintain the client's trust and encourage participation.
In the DSM-5, _____ is a negative characteristic of the detachment dimension.
withdrawal
In the context of gender responses to stress, which of the following observations is true?
women are more physiologically reactive to marital conflict
