PSY 422-Test 1 (Unit 1-3)

The universal process through which an individual's position or status is changed by society is called: A. collective efficacy. B. social redefinition. C. social specification. D. self-image stability.

B. social redefinition.

Which of the following individuals is likely to have the most difficulty negotiating the transition into adolescence in the United States? A) Naomi, an Asian American B) Ken, a White American C) Charlie, a Native American D) Sara, a White American

C) Charlie, a Native American

Sex differences in brain organization predetermine A) sexual behavior during puberty. B) emotional and behavioral problems. C) certain patterns of behavior. D) desire for highly rewarding activities.

C) certain patterns of behavior.

Researchers studied teenagers who live in wealthy neighborhoods and found that they have ________ levels of delinquency than teenagers in ________ neighborhoods. A) lower; middle-class B) higher; poor C) higher; middle-class D) lower; poor

C) higher; middle-class

Which of the following is an example of cognitive autonomy? A) establishing more adult-like relationships with family members B) relying less on your parents for emotional support C) refusing to cheat on an exam even when the teacher is not in the room D) seeking the advice of others when faced with a serious question

C) refusing to cheat on an exam even when the teacher is not in the room

Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys? A. production of sperm B. appearance of facial hair C. growth of testes and scrotum D. growth of penis

C. growth of testes and scrotum

Compared to the situation 50 or 60 years ago, today's transition to adulthood is: A. short and smooth. B. short and rocky. C. long and disorderly. D. long and smooth.

C. long and disorderly.

Which of the following adolescents is most likely to maintain a healthy weight? A) Maryam, who gets inadequate sleep on school nights B) Kevin, who has a history of depression C) Anton, whose friends love junk food D) Charice, who is a member of her school's tennis team

D) Charice, who is a member of her school's tennis team

What is it about adolescent thinking that makes them better problem solvers than children? A. improvements in memory B. improvements in attention C. improvements in processing speed D. All of these are correct

D. All of these are correct

Who of the following is likely to have limited economic and occupational success, which will affect the transition into adulthood? A. Ella, who experienced an out-of-wedlock pregnancy during adolescence B. Lula, who is an unemployed adolescent C. Gerald, who dropped out of high school D. All of these factors are likely to disrupt the transition into adulthood.

D. All of these factors are likely to disrupt the transition into adulthood.

Studies show that adolescent mood swings are most closely related to changes in: A. hormone levels. B. family relationships. C. nutrition. D. activities.

D. activities.

Which of the following terms applies more to adolescent thought than to childhood thought? A. conservation, reversibility, structure B. assimilation, accommodation, complexity C. preoperational, egocentric, concrete D. flexible, speculative, abstract

D. flexible, speculative, abstract

According to the textbook, puberty involves all of the following except A. development of the primary sex characteristics. B. rapid growth and dramatic increases in height and weight. C. development of secondary sex characteristics. D. increases in intellectual functioning.

D. increases in intellectual functioning.

Which of the following statements about puberty's impact on family relationships is true? A) Puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children. B) Other species do not experience distance during the pubertal transition. C) The distancing effect of puberty on families occurs regardless of ethnicity. D) Puberty is more likely to disrupt family relationships if it happens early.

A) Puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children.

Individuals are more likely to engage in risky behavior when they see the behavior as A) a personal choice rather than an ethical dilemma. B) an ethical dilemma rather than a personal choice. C) a private issue rather than a public one. D) a public issue rather than a private one.

A) a personal choice rather than an ethical dilemma.

One common aspect of social redefinition during adolescence is ________ of the differences between males and females. A) an accentuation B) an elimination C) the creation D) a deemphasis

A) an accentuation

The physical developments of puberty are influenced by which of the following? A) environmental factors B) an identity crisis C) psychological factors D) falling in love

A) environmental factors

A recent study found that instruction in which of these lessened some of the stresses felt by adolescents in poor urban neighborhoods? A) mindfulness B) Americanization C) scarification rituals D) transition rituals

A) mindfulness

Why is it so difficult to draw a legal boundary between when someone should be treated like a child and when someone is ready to be treated like an adult? A. Development is so rapid and so variable between individuals. B. It is difficult to predict when individuals will go through puberty. C. These laws have been in place for hundreds of years and they are difficult to change. D. Most adolescents look older than they feel.

A. Development is so rapid and so variable between individuals.

In contemporary America, the process of social definition, which typically begins at age 15 or 16, is something that occurs over: A. a relatively long period of time. B. a few days. C. a few days for males and a relatively longer time for females. D. a relatively short period of time.

A. a relatively long period of time.

The adolescent growth spurt: A. generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys. B. generally begins two years earlier for boys than for girls. C. is slower in the early adolescent years, then speeds up around age 15 for boys and girls. D. proceeds along a smooth and rapid course over the teen years.

A. generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys.

Joey enjoys playing the devil's advocate and is always stirring up discussions with his contrary positions. This ability is one aspect of: A. hypothetical thinking. B. social cognition. C. mutual perspective-taking. D. impression formation.

A. hypothetical thinking.

The rapid increase in body fat that adolescent girls experience: A. leads to a majority of adolescent girls dieting unnecessarily. B. leads to an increase in healthy eating patterns among adolescent girls. C. increases vulnerability to feelings of body dissatisfaction for Black adolescent girls. D. is seen by the Centers for Disease Control as a major risk factor for obesity among adolescent girls.

A. leads to a majority of adolescent girls dieting unnecessarily.

Which of the following statements about changes in the brain during adolescence is true? A) Patterns of activation within the prefrontal cortex generally become less focused. B ) Adolescents are more likely than children to use multiple parts of the brain simultaneously. C) The full structural maturation of the prefrontal cortex is not complete until about age 15. D) Myelination becomes less common as the adolescent brain matures.

B ) Adolescents are more likely than children to use multiple parts of the brain simultaneously.

Which of the following statements about the concept of emerging adulthood is true? A) It is more common among politically conservative youth. B) It is term that applies only to a minority of people in their early 20s. C) It is an economic phenomenon rather than a social one. D) It is a social phenomenon that is part of all cultures.

B) It is term that applies only to a minority of people in their early 20s.

Research on religious changes during adolescence indicates that A) adolescents believe that attending church exhibits a person's religious commitment. B) children are more strict observers of religious customs. C) college students are more religiously oriented than children. D) religion is more important to older adolescents than to children.

B) children are more strict observers of religious customs

Malkhaz believes that there is nothing wrong with drinking a little beer because, "Everyone my age does it once in a while and I'll be a social outcast if I don't have a drink." Malkhaz's level of moral development would be described as A) preconventional stage. B) conventional stage. C) postconventional stage. D) prosocial stage.

B) conventional stage.

Piaget theorists believe that the use of _____ is the chief feature of adolescent thinking that differentiates it from the type of thinking employed by children. A. egocentric reasoning B. abstract logical reasoning C. multidimensional reasoning D. systematic reasoning

B. abstract logical reasoning

Tam is good at drawing conclusions from given information. Thus, Tam is good at _________ reasoning. A. hypothetical B. deductive C. abstract D. relative

B. deductive

In America, early-maturing girls are more likely than their late-maturing peers to: A. be unpopular. B. have a more negative self-image. C. succeed in school. D. perceive themselves as attractive.

B. have a more negative self-image.