PSY 53 Exam 1

normal distribution

bell-shaped curve

You want a graphical presentation of the median, lower 25th percentile, and upper 25th percentile. What do you use?

box and whiskers

discrete variable

can take only certain values (usually whole numbers) on the scale.

When items on a questionnaire appear to correspond to the construct that the questionnaire claims to measure it is said to have:

criterion validity

inferential statistics

data from a sample, using that data to make an inference of the broader population

descriptive statistics

describing the data that is in front of you

between-groups design

design making comparison between two different groups of people

cohen's d

effect size

social comparison

figuring out how you compare to someone . (upward:comparing yourself to someone who is above you) (downward comparing yourself to someone below you)

The degree to which a statistical model represents the data collected is known as what?

fit

platykurtosis

flat not much difference between mode and height [Flat]

You want to see if a variable has a normal distribution. What kind of graph do you use?

histogram

practical significance

how big of a difference there was

variance

how far numbers are spread out squared standard deviation

z-score

how many standard deviations you are away from the mean

mortality salience

how much death is on your mind

predictor

if i only knew one variable I can use it to predict another variable

An experimenter measured 30 children's IQ. He then rank-ordered the children and assigned them a score from 30 (most intelligent) to 1 (least intelligent) to create a new variable. Does this new variable consist of:

interval

continuous variable

is on that gives us a score for each person and can take on any value on the measurement scale that we are using

criterion validity

is whether you can establish that an instrument measures what it claims to measure through comparison to objective criteria.

negative skew

left side tail

within subjects design

making a comparison in the same group

concurrent

measure both at the same time

If we calculated an effect size and found it was r = .42, which expression would best describe the size of the effect?

medium to large

Leptokurotosis

more scores are at the mode less people at the extremes

degrees of freedom

n-1

For which type of measure is it important to create value labels?

nominal

mesokurotic

normal distribution good proportion of people at the mode and tails.

type 1 error

occurs when we believe that there is a geniunine effect in our population, when in fact ther eis not

type II error

occurs when we believe that there is no effect in the population when in reality, there is

practice effects

participants may perform differently in the second condition because of familiarity with the experimental situation and/or the measures being used

boredom effect

participants may perform differently in the second condition because they are tired of bored from having completed the first condition

kurtosis

ratio of the height and mode of the tails. you have kurotosis from = away from zero

Variation due to some genuine effect is known as

residual variance

positive skew

right side tail

What is the relationship between the sum of squared errors (SS), the sample size (n) and the variance (s2)?

s2=SS/(n-1)

You want to see if two variables are related to each other. What kind of graph do you use?

scatterplot

promotion

seeking the good stuff

two-tailed test

test a non-directional hypothesis

power

the ability of a test to detect an effect of a particular size

counterbalancing

the area of variation between upper and lower limits on a scale

homogenous variance

the assumption that the variance of one variable is stable at all levels f another variable

systematic variation

the variation is due to the experimenter doing something in one condition but not in the other condition.

histogram

used for interval and ratio data

residual variance

variation due to some genuine effect

statistical significance

whatever effect you get how likely you got it by chance if the null were true

ordinal

when categories are ordered

nominal

when two things that are equivalent in some sense are given the same name but there are more that two possibilities.

falsification

which is the act of disapproving a hypothesis or theory

content validity

with self reports measures/questionnaires can also assess the degree to which individual items represent the construct being measured, and cover the full range of the construct.

ratio

you can double it.

You are a not quite honest advertiser, and you want to show a graph that makes it seem that people who use your product live a lot longer than people who use a competitor's product. What can you do?

Put as small as possible of a range of scores on the Y axis

Why does the syntax window exist?

So you can save analyses that you've done to re-do later

If we use the mean as a model, what does the variance represent?

The average error between the model and the observed data

What are labels used for?

To help you see what a variable was

In which window of SPSS do you name and define variables?

Variable view in the data window

standard deviation

a far apart of the mean people are. Average distance away from the means

You're in the data view of the data window. What does a row represent?

a person

one tailed test

a statistical model that tests a directional hypothesis

unsystematic variance

anything that will introduce noise to a study

ecological validity

applying it to real life settings

prevention

avoid bad stuff

Given a test is normally distributed with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6: What is the probability that a single score drawn at random will be greater than 34?

0.254

meta analyses

1) across these sizes what the average effect size. 2) what explains if effect size are small or big

The owner of the large chain of coffee shops called 'MoonBucks' decided to calculate how much revenue was gained from lattes each month in a nationwide sample of 2445 cafés. To measure the variance of revenue gained from lattes, he computes SS = 351,936 for this sample. What are the degrees of freedom for variance?

2444

how many variables are in the findings depicted in this chart

3

wenty-one cats were given 300g of tuna each. The time in seconds was measured until they had eaten all of the tuna: 16, 18, 18, 22, 22, 23, 23, 24, 26, 29, 32, 34, 34, 36, 36, 42, 43, 46, 46, 49, 57 What is the median time to eat the tuna?

32 seconds