PSY EXAM Whoo Hoo

Chapter 10

Chapter 10

Chapter 12

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 14

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 6

Chapter 9

Chapter 9

Benjamin entered a pizza-eating contest when he was in college. He finished five large pizzas by himself, but he felt nauseated and threw up a few hours later. For several years, the sight and smell of pizza made him feel sick. In this scenario, Benjamin's aversion toward pizza occurred through _____.

Classical Conditioning

Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time. During their session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case, Jason's therapist is using _____.

Client-Centered Therapy

Judy, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Judy's math teacher, shares with Judy a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using _____ to help the child.

Cognitive Scaffolding

Freud theorized that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely _____.

Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious

__________is a behavior therapy method in which fear-evoking stimuli are presented continuously in the absence of actual harm so that fear responses are extinguished.

Flooding

__________was originated by Fritz Perls.

Gestalt Therapy

Which of the following statements is true of the biological views that explain the origins of anxiety disorders?

A predisposition toward anxiety, in the form of a highly reactive autonomic nervous system, can be inherited.

Which of the following is a physical symptom of anxiety disorders?

A racing heart

__________is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

Altruism

Timmy's father does not show affection for Timmy, forces Timmy to act in specific ways, and does not allow Timmy to ever disagree with him. According to Diana Baumrind's theory on parenting styles, Timmy's father displays the _____ style of parenting.

Authoritarian

Kyle is possessed by the thought that he might develop a severe disease due to the germs. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Kyle demonstrates:

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

If the__________is damaged, a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories.

Thalamus

Which of the following characteristics is true of groupthink that contributes to flawed decisions?

The group's belief in its rightness

In the context of humanistic therapies,__________encourages self-exploration and self-expression, and aims to provide insight into the parts of us that we have disowned so that we can feel whole.

client centered therapy

Steve's physician has prescribed him valium for his anxiety attacks. This drug will _____.

depress the activity of the central nervous system

In collectivist cultures that stress interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's__________.

social roles and obligations

In short-term memory, an image tends to fade after _____ if it is not repeated or rehearsed.

10 to 12 seconds

According to the Greek physician Hippocrates, yellow bile is associated with _____ disposition.

Choleric

Identify a true statement about the types of reinforcers.

The short-term consequences of behavior often provide more of an incentive than the long-term consequences.

Which of the following is true of client-centered therapists?

They have unconditional positive regard for their clients.

In the context of psychological problems arising from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization, if, when we are young, other people approve of us only when we are doing what they want us to do, we _____.

may learn to disown the parts of ourselves to which they object

The group effect called__________is likely to lead the group to make more risky shifts in decision making.

polarization

Cynthia had an intense fear of cats. Her psychologist repeatedly paired her love for classical music with the gradual exposure of Cynthia to a cat until her fear for cats was cured. In this scenario, Cynthia's fear was cured using _____.

Counterconditioning

_____ is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.

Dissociative Amnesia

Harry is least interested in music. He tells his friends that playing a musical instrument is a waste of time. However, on several occasions, Harry's friends have noticed that he plays the guitar like a professional. When his friends question him on such occasions, Harry replies, "I am Joe and playing the guitar is my passion." In this scenario, Harry exhibits:

Dissociative Identity Disorder

According to Sigmund Freud, conflicting emotions such as love and hate can dwell side by side in the _____.

ID

Which of the following is a shortcoming of Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Its clinical method of gathering evidence is suspect.

Jessica is observed to be gloomy and pensive most of the time. According to Hippocrates' view of personality, Jessica is most likely to be associated with a _____ temperament.

Melancholic

Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?

The Age of Possibilities

With behavior-rating scales, trained observers usually check off each occurrence of a specific behavior within a certain time frame.

True

Behavior therapists see the effectiveness of behavior therapy as deriving from specific, learning-based procedures.

True.

Sigmund Freud believed that the content of dreams is determined by unconscious processes as well as by the events of the day.

Truee

Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _____.

Western cultural prejudice

In the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder, seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce anxiety are referred to as obsessions.

false.

When Alex learned that the local supermarket sells chemically grown vegetables, he started buying vegetables that were sold at the organic farmers' market. In the context of changing attitudes through persuasion, Alex was influenced by _____.

fear appeal

Talya, a girl from a wealthy family, is seen constantly mocking students who are impoverished. Her class teacher believes that Talya derives her condescending tone from her parents, who display similar behavior toward the poor. In this scenario, the class teacher is:

making a situational attribution.

Research suggests that people who have reported greater feelings of happiness and well-being are likely to score more highly than other people on scales that measure emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion.

true

Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love involves three components, and _____ is one of them.

Commitment

Secondary reinforcers are also called _____ because they acquire their value through being associated with established reinforcers.

Conditioned Reinforcers

Zoya is teaching her dog to salivate every time she flashes a blue torchlight. To teach him to do this, she flashes the torchlight every time she gives him food. Later, he salivates on seeing the torchlight even when it is not paired with food. In this scenario, Zoya's dog salivating to the blue torchlight is an example of a(n) _____.

Conditioned Response

Graham likes to collect car parts. His house is full of car parts and there is hardly any free space. It has become difficult for him to navigate around the house. He justifies his actions by saying, "You never know when you might need these." Graham is suffering from__________.

Hoarding Disorder

_____ is the processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

Memory

In the terminology of observational learning, a person who engages in a response that is imitated is a _____.

Model

Walda's father is a gardener. She has been watching her father work for many years. She now has her own garden. Though she has never been taught the art of gardening, she is very good at it. In this scenario, Walda acquired gardening skills by the process of _____.

Observational Learning

__________is the memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs.

Prospective Memory

__________are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.

Reflexes

Skinner believed that the effects of__________on behavior should be emphasized.

Reinforcement

In Freud's psychodynamic theory,__________is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.

Repression

Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior?

Resistance

In Piaget's stages of cognitive development of children, the__________comes to a close with the acquisition of the basics of language at about age two.

Sensorimotor Stage

In the context of neural activity and memory, the brain stores parts of memories in the appropriate areas of the__________.

Sensory Cortex

Katie is scared of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid interacting with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists will most likely diagnose Katie with _____.

Social Phobia

In the context of prenatal development, the fetal stage lasts from:

The beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth

In the context of group decision making, which of the following is true of the majority-wins scheme?

The group comes to recognize that one approach is objectively correct.

Jessie and her mother argue about Jessie's choice of friends and dates. Her mother thinks Jessie is stubborn and resistant. Jessie thinks her mother is bossy and controlling. The assumptions are examples of__________.

dispositional attributions

The loss of memory in a person with dissociative amnesia can be attributed to organic problems such as a blow to the head or alcoholic intoxication.

False.

Christine uses an electric can opener to open cans of dog food. After the first few times of using the electric opener to open the dog food, she notices that her dog starts to salivate just at the sound of the electric can opener in anticipation of food. According to the principles of classical conditioning, the electric can opener has become an effective _____ for Christine's dog.

Conditioned Stimulus

The _____ is vital in storing new information even if one can retrieve old information without it.

Hippocampus

In the context of prenatal development, the male embryo starts producing androgens, male sex hormones, by about the:

Seventh Week

Rajesh has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. In the manic phase, he is likely to:

Show excessive excitement or silliness

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to _____.

Determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

According to Arnett, which of the following is most likely a part of the emerging adulthood stage?

Experiments with Career Possibilities

Saccadic eye movements occur once a second but iconic memory holds icons for up to four times a second.

False

Joe is a web content writer. He gets paid $100 for every five articles he publishes. In this scenario, Joe's payment is based on the _____ of reinforcement.

Fixed Ratio-Schedule

Parents help children develop conditions of worth when they show them unconditional positive regard.

false

A research experiment was conducted on people's attitude toward a particular section of the society. After the experiment, the participants were requested to donate a small amount for the research organization. When they agreed and donated, they were followed with more requests for bigger donations. This is an example of _____.

the foot-in-the-door technique

In psychoanalysis, the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas is referred to as transference.

Faalse

Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion. However, he is efficient at his job. His job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world. He is showing signs of _____.

schizoid personality disorder