PSY Final Review Questions

Deficiencies in neurotransmitters, genetics, the tendency to experience negative thoughts, overactive autonomic nervous system, and events from childhood are the cause of what? A) OCD & Anxiety B) OCD & Personality Disorders C) Personality & Mood Disorders D) Cataplexy

A

Mya is part of a large group packaging food at Food Banks. Because there are so many of them working, they began to work at a slower pace then if there were fewer people working. This best illustrates the phenomenon of: A) Social loafing B) Social contagion C) Social facilitation D) Stereotypes

A

Paula believes she is Marilyn Monroe, and frequently dresses the way Ms. Monroe dressed and signs "autographs" for people in public places. Paula is experiencing _______. A) A delusion B) A hallucination C) A conduct disorder D) A mood disorder

A

Psychodynamic therapy stresses the importance of: A) The unconscious mind B) Society C) Genetic make-up D) Both the unconscious and conscious mind

A

Social contagion is: A) Imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotion, and ideas B) The spread of love and affection C) The idea that everyone needs social interaction to survive D) One person yawning

A

When clinicians use subjective impressions of clients based on interpersonal interactions, rather than behavioral observations outlined by DSM criteria, more _______________ is likely to enter into diagnostic decisions. a. bias b. error c. accuracy d. expert opinion

A

Herbert is a 32-year-old lawyer seeking treatment for his irrational fear of thunderstorms. He has had this fear since the age of 4, and throughout life he has developed various strategies for coping with his fear. Whenever possible, he avoids going outside when a storm is forecast. Not only will he stay within a building, but he will ensure that he is in a room with no windows and no electrical appliances. As his job has grown in responsibility, Herbert has found that he can no longer afford to take time off because of his fear, which he knows is irrational. A) What specific disorder would you diagnose Herbert with, if any? B) Identify one or more possible causes of Herbert's symptoms.

A) Phobia B) Something learned in childhood

Identify the type of Anxiety Disorder: Jeffrey has lived in his two-room apartment for five years and has never left it. He orders out food to be delivered, and his nephew brings his groceries to him every two weeks. He is very afraid of the outside world, and he feels that something bad will happen to him if he leaves his apartment.

Agoraphobia

"Look at that old woman over there. There's no way she should still be driving. I hate it when old people drive and put all the rest of us at risk." This statement is an example of: A) A stereotype B) A prejudice C) Discrimination D) None of the above.

B

The feeling of discomfort caused by holding two contrary attitudes and acknowledging the validity of both arguments is called: A) Cognitive constancy B) Cognitive dissonance C) Attribution theory D) Foot-in-the-door

B

Who is displaying the obsessive-compulsive disorder? A) Beth, who folds her clothes and sets them out for each day one week in advance B) Job, who washes his hands frequently and uses hand sanitizer several times during the day C) Hansen, who must check if his door is locked 12 times each morning because he can't stop thinking about what might happen if he doesn't D) Quy, who doesn't like any of the food on his plate to touch and eats everything in a specific order

C

We are persuaded (we easily change our attitudes) depending on: A) The message source B) Characteristics of the message C) Characteristics of the target D) All of the above

D

Which best describes the biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders? A) Response to stress, negative thinking, and operant conditioning affecting the psychological disorder B) Brain structure, genetic makeup, and abuse affecting the psychological disorder C) Abuse, homelessness, and stigma affecting the psychological disorder D) Genetic makeup, response to stress, and cultural expectations affecting the psychological disorder

D

Which best describes the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? A) Social withdrawal, lack of emotional response, and catatonia B) Social withdrawal, lack of emotional response, and agitation C) Hallucinations, catatonia, agitation, and delusions D) Hallucinations, delusions, agitation, and disorganized thinking

D

Which fall(s) under cognitive behavior therapy? A) Reducing self-defeating thoughts B) Modifying behavior C) Believing that the individual can master the situation and produce positive outcomes D) All of the above

D

Which of the following statements are true? A) Attitudes affect our behavior B) Behavior affects our attitudes C) None of the above D) A & B

D

Identify the type of Anxiety Disorder: Joaquin was a soldier in Vietnam. Even though he came home from there more than 5 years ago, he stills wakes up during the night in a cold sweat with his heart beating fast. He takes five different nerve medications to relax him. He has lost many jobs and can't seem to hold onto one for more than a couple of months.

PTSD

Identify the type of Anxiety Disorder: John is driving down the road and is overcome with a feeling that something is going to happen. His heart rate increases, he feels dizzy, and begins sweating profusely.

Panic Disorder

Identify the type of Anxiety Disorder: Janet has never flown on an airplane, because she has an intense fear of the plane's crashing. She has never been able to go and see her son and grandchildren in Hawaii, because she would need to fly to get there.

Phobia

Becca doesn't really like her chemistry class, but she knows she paid a LOT of money for it, so she attends every single lecture. Eventually Becca grows to like the class and even convinces her roommate to enroll. What is happening in this example? A) Becca is reducing cognitive dissonance by changing her attitude to match her behavior. B) Becca is reducing cognitive dissonance by changing her behavior to match her attitude. C) Becca is not reducing the cognitive dissonance she feels, and is therefore miserable. D) Becca is immune to the effects of cognitive dissonance.

A

Beth and Annie are competing for a job. Annie is more attractive than Beth, but Beth is equally qualified for the job. Who would you predict will get the job? A) Annie, people perceive pretty girls as better girls B) Beth, people perceive pretty girls as unintelligent C) The girls have an equal chance, looks play no role in ability D) Neither will get the job because one has a physical advantage

A

Diathesis-stress model combines: A) Inborn predisposition and environmental stressors B) External causes and internal causes C) Environmental stressors and cognition D) Social and developmental

A

Ian engages in reckless sex, drugs, drinking, and cutting. This pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and emotions is best described as: A) Borderline personality disorder B) Antisocial personality disorder C) OCD D) Anxiety disorder

A

In Asch's experiments, students were asked to judge which of three comparison lines was the same length as the standard line. One student believes that "2" is the correct answer; but changes to "3" when other people before her say "3". This best illustrates: A) Conformity B) Obedience C) Classical conditioning D) Social contagion

A

Individuals with OCD reinforce their own behavior by completing their rituals to help them combat anxiety. In terms of operant conditioning principles, the RITUALS are an example of: A) Positive reinforcement B) Negative reinforcement C) Positive punishment D) Negative punishment

A

Jack and John were recently dumped by their girlfriends. Jack believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she is a selfish and unhappy person, whereas John believes that his girlfriend broke up with him because she had to attend to a family emergency and could not make commitment right now. Jack is making a(n) ______ about his girlfriend's behavior, whereas John is making a(n) ______. A) internal attribution / external attribution B) external attribution / internal attribution C) downward social comparison / upward social comparison D) upward social comparison / downward social comparison

A

Jane has had persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, but she is unable to identify a specific reason for the anxiety. Jane likely has: A) Generalized anxiety disorder B) Panic disorder C) Phobic disorder D) PTSD

A

Jim is a charming young man who goes to OU. He often likes to steal his friend Kates car keys and drive 100 mph on the highway. He thinks it is ridiculous for him to get arrested and doesn't understand why Kate would be mad about this. Jim most likely has: A) Antisocial personality disorder B) Borderline personality disorder C) Anxiety disorder D) Cognitive disorder

A

Kate walks into BestBuy to buy a new phone.Because she sees Apple advertisements everywhere, she automatically considers buying an iPhone. This example illustrates: A) Mere Exposure effect B) Social exchange theory C) Investment model D) Social facilitation

A

Katrina is trying to stop smoking. Her therapist suggests aversive conditioning, which pairs the cigarette with something unpleasant (like a nausea-inducing substance) to make the cigarette less appealing. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus would be: A) The nausea-inducing substance B) The cigarette C) The therapist D) Feeling nauseous

A

Mia might have an anxiety disorder. When element corresponds with the example in mias life: Mia exhibits significantly more anxiety than most of the other people in her culture. A) Social factor B) Biological factor C) Psychological factor

A

Self-serving bias is best described as: A) The tendency to take credit for our successes and to deny responsibility for our failures. B) The tendency to take credit for both our successes and our failures C) Overestimating the degree to which everyone else thinks or acts the way we do D) Overestimationg our internal problems

A

Systematic desensitization therapy would be MOST useful for which of the following problems? A) Artie is terrified of heights. B) Rachel is suffering from frequent panic attacks. C) Jon is hearing voices that aren't really real. D) Seth has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder.

A

Who is more likely to have bipolar disorder? A) Identical twins, if one twin is diagnosed B) Fraternal twins, if one twin is diagnosed C) An individual in the general population, with no family history of bipolar disorder D) All have the same likelihood

A

Yen has always been afraid of ants. Once she saw one in her friends bedroom and refused to go in there for weeks. Sometimes, she can't control her emotions and just screams and cries from seeing ants. This intense, irrational fear is best described as: A) Phobic disorder B) Anxiety-compulsive disorder C) PTSD D) Operant conditioning

A

Your good friend Todd asks you to donate $20 to his Soonerthon page. You refuse. He then tells you that he knows $20 is a lot for a college student and that $5 would be nice. You agree. This displays: A) Door-in-the-face B) Foot-in-the-door C) Cognitive dissonance D) Persuasion theory

A

Abnormal behavior is __________, _________, or __________ over a relatively long period of time. A) Deviant, adaptive, personally distressing B) Deviant, maladaptive, personally distressing C) Deviant, personally distressing, physically damaging D) Deviant, unethical, adaptive

B

An individual has occasional periods of weekend muscles, slurred speech, and impaired vision - but hearing and awareness remain normal. The individual is displaying what phenomenon? A) Epilepsy B) Cataplexy C) Dreaming D) Panic attack

B

An unfair judgement towards someone based solely on his or her group membership is: A) Stereotypes B) Prejudice C) Mere exposure effect D) Social cognition

B

Antipsychotic medications do not cure schizophrenia because: A) therapists prefer not to use high doses of the medications. B) the symptoms reappear when medication is suspended. C) they need to be combined with antidepressants to be effective. D) people with schizophrenia prefer to have the symptoms they have.

B

Compulsion of picking at one's skin, sometimes to the point of injury best describes which of the OCD related disorders? A) Hoarding B) Excoriation C) Trichotillomania D) Body Dysmorphic Disorder

B

Deceitful, irresponsible, aggressive, irritable, and lacking remorse are characteristics describing a. bipolar disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. borderline personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.

B

Garrett is a student at OU. In the morning, he is himself: male, 21-year-old. However, in the afternoon, he identified himself as a sad young boy while during night time, he identifies himself as a mad 40 -year-old woman. This best describes which of the following disorders? A) Bipolar disorder B) DID C) Borderline disorder D) OCD

B

George, the supervisor at a knitting company, believes that his workers' performance level increases significantly when he watches them. This example displays: A) Social contagion B) Social facilitation C) Group interaction theory D) Social loafing

B

In the Milgram experiment, when the participant displayed resistance to the idea of shocking a "learner", the experimenter ordered him/her to continue. The strength of what concept was being tested in this experiment? A) Conformity B) Obedience C) Abnormal Psychology D) Stanford Prison Plan

B

Jake goes to Taco Bell for lunch. The cashier asks what he would like to order without a smile. Jake assumes that cashier is unhappy and rude to costumers because that is just how he is. However, the cashiers coworker knows that he has just broken up with his girlfriend and is simply having a bad day. This best illustrates the phenomenon of: A) Cognitive dissonance B) Fundamental attribution error C) Self-serving bias D) Operant conditioning

B

Major depression is best described as: A) Severe form of depression that lasts for a week; can interfere with concentration B) Severe form of depression that lasts at least 2 weeks; interferes with concentration, decision-making, and sociability C) Severe form of depression that lasts at least 2 weeks; interferes with concentration and decision-making but not sociability D) Severe form of depression that lasts at least a month; does not affect decision-making

B

Mia might have an anxiety disorder. When element corresponds with the example in mias life: Mias mother and older sister both have anxiety disorder. A) Social factor B) Biological factor C) Psychological factor

B

One of the causes of implicit bias is the way certain groups are portrayed in the media and discussed by our friends and family. These images become internalized as a part of our subconscious mind. In the context of previous concepts we've discussed in class, we can characterize implicit bias as a process of: A) bottom-up processing B) associative learning C) elaborative rehearsal D) the diathesis-stress model

B

The difference between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 is: A) Bipolar 1 is associated with more severe levels of depression than Bipolar 2. B) Bipolar 1 is associated with more severe levels of mania than Bipolar 2. C) Bipolar 1 is associated with more severe levels of BOTH depression and mania than Bipolar 2. D) Bipolar 2 is more severe than Bipolar 1.

B

Thomas was walking down the south oval when suddenly he starts to feel dizziness, shortness of breath, sweating, and heart palpitations. Thomas is likely experiencing: A) Generalized anxiety attacks B) Panic attacks C) Obsessive-compulsive attacks D) Diathesis stress

B

If you are making the fundamental attribution error about a student who just walked into class late, you might think (choose ALL that are correct): A) He probably had a hard time finding a parking spot. B) He obviously doesn't care about this class. C) He was too lazy to wake up on time. D) I bet he had some sort of an emergency; I hope everything is ok!

B & C

Andrew is a collector. He simply can't resist buying new things. He admits that his home is quite cluttered, but it doesn't stop him from buying more and more. He could just get rid of old belongings, but he feels very anxious at the thought of parting with anything he owns. As a result, he continues to accumulate more and more stuff. Andrew would likely be diagnosed with: A) Generalized anxiety disorder B) Panic attacks C) OCD D) Andrew would not be diagnosed; his behavior is not abnormal.

C

Beth experiences extreme mood swings with one or more episodes of mania. This has been happening for about a few months now. Beth is most likely experiencing: A) Major depression B) Aversive condition C) Bipolar disorder D) DID

C

Mia might have an anxiety disorder. When element corresponds with the example in mias life: Mia feels like the world is a very scary and dangerous place. A) Social factor B) Biological factor C) Psychological factor

C

Obedience is: A) Pairing a behavior with desirable consequences B) A change in behavior in response to threat C) A change in behavior in response to the commands of others D) Classical conditioning

C

Pat has had a lot of stress in his life. He was abused as a child, moved from house to house, and never had a stable relationship with the adults in his life. However, Pat never develops a mental illness. In the context of the diathesis-stress model, what can we say about Pat? A) Pat was very lucky, he really should have developed a disorder. B) Pat did not develop a disorder because his life was not stressful enough. C) Pat did not develop a disorder because he lacked the genetic predisposition for it. D) Pat likely did develop a disorder, but he was not properly diagnosed.

C

Regarding psychotherapy, it is safe to say that: A) Most therapies are completely different from one another B) Psychotherapy works for everyone C) No single form of therapy works best for every problem D) All types of treatments are similar in improving specific types of problems

C

Which is (are) problems with DSM-IV? A) Does not discuss causes B) Danger of applying labels C) Both A & B D) None of the above

C

Which is not an example of aversive conditioning: A) Job, who applies a bad-tasting nail polish every time he bites his nails B) Tim, who gets slapped by his mother every time he curses C) Hansen, who smiles every time he holds the door for someone D) John, who is forced to drink hot sauce every time he doesn't throw away his trash

C

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to trends in major depressive disorder? A) Men are diagnosed with depression more often than women. B) Overall rates of depression are higher for adults than for adolescents. C) Younger adults experience depression more frequently than older adults. D) Younger adolescents experience depression more frequently than older adolescents.

C

Which of the following is an example of discrimination? A) Jake, who does not like people who can't play basketball B) Cindy, who likes to cross-dress C) Kes, who does not let Asians into her club D) Job, who likes to play basketball

C

Which of the following questions did the Stanford Prison Experiment try to answer? A) What would happen when you put good people in prison and have a dinner party? B) What would happen when you put good people in prison without any television or media? C) What would happen when you put good people in prison, and given them a role of either prison guard or prisoner? D) What would happen when you put good people in prison, and given them an environment to freely discuss their life?

C

Julia doesn't like to be seen in public without makeup. When her friend Meg says she doesn't want to get in the water at a pool party, Julia assumes it is because Meg is concerned about her appearance. Julia doesn't like to ruin her makeup, so it makes sense to her that Meg wouldn't want to either. In reality, though, Meg is simply a bad swimmer and has a phobia of drowning. Which of the following best describes Julia's misinterpretation of Meg? A) Easy-to-warm-up B) Fundamental attribution error C) Self-serving bias D) False consensus effect

D

Li Chen has always been afraid of spiders. She won't go to exhibits at the zoo that have spiders, and she doesn't like walking in the woods because there could be spiders. If she sees a spider, she usually screams and tries to move away from it. Li Chen would likely be diagnosed with which disorder? A) OCD B) A phobia C) PTSD D) Nothing; this behavior does not indicate a disorder

D

Those with PTSD have trouble coping with: A) Flashbacks B) Nightmares C) Emotions D) All of the above

D

Which is true of avoidant personality disorder? a. Behavioral interventions for anxiety and social skills problems have had some success. b. As with most personality disorders, research on treatment effectiveness is lacking. c. Treatments are similar to those used for social phobia. d. Both a and c

D

Which of the following are attributions we can make about the behavior of others? A) Controllable/uncontrollable causes B) Internal/external causes C) Stable/unstable causes D) All of the above

D

Which of the following is NOT a problem with the DSM-V? A) Labels may affect the way others interpret your behavior B) Labels may affect the way the individual views themselves C) The DSM gives a description of the disorder but does not discuss a cause D) The DSM uses flexible categories that do not allow for proper standardization

D

Which of the following statements is NOT true about borderline personality disorder? a. It is one of the more common personality disorders. b. People with the disorder tend to improve during their 30s and 40s. c. Women are affected by the disorder more often than men. d. People with the disorder usually have a high self-image.

D

While walking to her psychology class, Eliza is approached by a woman who would like her to sign a petition for the betterment of higher education. She agrees and signs. Then, the women tells her that she must also fill out a quick form. Eliza also signs the form. Just as she is able to leave, the woman asks if she can answer just a couple of interview questions. This illustrates which technique? A) Cognitive dissonance B) Self-fulfilling prophecy C) Door-in-the-face D) Foot-in-the-door

D

Ben has an anxiety disorder. Which drug is appropriate for him to take for long-term treatment? A) Buspirone B) Xanax C) Lithium D) Prozac

D

Gina is a 32-year-old single mother of two children seeking professional help for her long-standing feelings of anxiety. Despite the fact that her life is relatively stable in terms of financial and interpersonal matters, she worries most of the time that she will develop financial problems, that her children will become ill, and that the political situation in the country will make life for her and her children more difficult. Although she tries to dismiss these concerns as excessive, she finds it virtually impossible to control her worrying. Most of the time, she feels uncomfortable and tense, and sometimes her tension becomes so extreme that she begins to tremble and sweat. She finds it difficult to sleep at night. During the day, she is restless, keyed up, and tense. She has consulted a variety of medical specialists, each of whom has been unable to diagnose a physical problem. A) What specific disorder would you diagnose Gina with, if any? B) Identify one or more possible causes of Gina's symptoms. C) Describe a course of treatment for Gina.

A) Anxiety disorder - Panic B) Family history, childhood trauma C) SSRI's

Sheila is a 38-year-old mother of one child who has been obsessed by a fear of contamination for over 20 years. Her concern with the possibility of being infected by germs has resulted in washing and cleaning rituals that invade all aspects of her life and take many hours to complete each day. Her child is restrained to one room, which is kept entirely germ free. She opens and closes all doors with her feet in order to avoid contaminating her hands. At times, she has washed so often that it has caused her skin to become excessively dry and cracked. She knows that her fear of contamination is excessive and she doesn't enjoy the extensive cleaning, but she can't stop thinking about germs and infection, and the rituals are the only way to keep from being overwhelmed with anxiety. A) What specific disorder would you diagnose Sheila with, if any? B) Identify one or more possible causes of Gina's symptoms. C) Describe a course of treatment for Sheila.

A) OCD - Obsessions B) Genetics/Family history C) Cognitive behavioral therapy

Diana, a recent high school grad, is excited to enroll for her classes at OU. Knowing she is good at science and math; she hopes to pursue a prospective career in engineering. But growing up, she's been told by her parents that men are better fit for jobs in engineering and science. In this scenario, Diana's parents beliefs best illustrate: A) Deindividuation B) Social contagion C) Polarization D) Stereotyping

D

Ian is at a hockey game where he sees a fight taking place. People begin to cheer. Although he wouldn't encourage the behavior himself, Ian begins to join the crowd in cheering on the fight. Ian's loss of personal responsibility and identity while in a group is best described as what? A) Social contagion B) Obedience C) Classical conditioning D) Deindividuation

D

Identify the type of Anxiety Disorder: Janice sets her clothes out the night before work. She checks and double-checks everything to make sure it all matches and looks just right. Then she sets her alarm for two hours early to make sure she is not late, and even wakes up sometimes two or three times during the night to make sure the alarm is set. She seems to worry constantly about everything in her life, even though her friends and family tell her that theres nothing to worry about.

OCD

Identify the type of Anxiety Disorder: Joan feels she has to check the door seven times before leaving her apartment to make sure it is locked. She also has to turn the faucet on and off seven times after washing her face. If she doesn't, she feels like something horrible is going to happen, and she can't think about anything else until she completes these behaviors.

OCD - compulsions