PSY101 Ch. 1

_________is the school of psychology that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements—sensations, feelings, and images—that combine to form experience.

Structuralism

Identify a true statement about social-cognitive theorists.

They note that people engage in intentional learning by observing others.

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of biologically-oriented psychologists?

They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.

In every experiment, the ______ is what the researcher is trying to determine has changed or not.

a dependent variable

Amelia is a general physician. One of her patients claimed to be suffering from constant stomach aches. After running some tests, Amelia concludes that the patient is not suffering from any medical disorder. However, the patient insisted that she has stomach cancer. The patient then volunteered for a medical trial where she was given a pill with a new medication while participants in the trial were given sugar pills. This best exemplifies _____.

a placebo

_________ psychologists are particularly concerned with issues related to the design of self-driving vehicles.

Human factors

Caroline is a psychologist who studies how stress induces ailments such as heart problems and headaches. Some of her clients are smokers, and she is helping them quit smoking. She also suggests lifestyle changes to her clients to help them reduce and cope with stress. Caroline can best be described as a(n) _______.

health psychologist

Gustav Theodor Fechner, in his book Elements of Psychophysics, showed:

how physical events are related to psychological sensation and perception.

Erik works as a counselor. He strongly believes in an individual's capacity for self-fulfillment, self-awareness, and decision making. He follows the principle that people are responsible for choosing their conduct. Erik's beliefs best exemplify the _______ perspective.

humanistic-existential

A(n) _____ primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work

industrial psychologist

A source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a _______.

selection factor

Which of the following is not necessarily a part of the scientific method?

Calculating correlations.

_________ is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence.

Critical thinking

_____ psychologists believed that learning consisted of both overt behaviors and meaningful "wholes."

Gestalt

__________ stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.

Humanism

Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking?

Insist on evidence.

__ allows psychologists and other scientists to observe behavior where it happens, or "in the field."

Naturalistic observation

According to the biological perspective of psychology, __________ interact with inherited factors to determine specific behavior and mental processes.

environmental factors

The construction of a factory near Valley Mont Elementary School adversely affected the concentration of the students in the school. In order to help the students cope with this problem, the principal of the school invited a(n) _____ who was experienced in dealing with humans and their interactions with their surroundings.

environmental psychologist

Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jane is most likely a(n) ________.

forensic psychologist