Psy150-Chapter 12-Reading Quiz

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? a.People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. b.People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. c.People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. d.People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

d. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________. a.aggression b.altruism c.diffusion of responsibility d.social loafing

d. social loafing

Who was Stanley Milgram? a.social psychology professor at Yale who designed a mock prison to test the power of social roles b.social psychology professor at Yale who designed an experiment to test what would happen to the lone dissenter in a group c.social psychology professor at Yale who tested the hypothesis that brainstorming was less productive than the individual creative process d.social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

d. social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

What is a social role? a.group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members b.group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting c.person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting d.socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

d. socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment. a.Asch b.conformity c.Dollard d.social psychology

a. Asch

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is incorrect? a.Different aspects of love are hierarchical. For example, companionate love is much better and longer lasting than consummate love. b.Different aspects of love might be more prevalent at different life stages. c.Healthy relationships will have all three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment. d.Seven types of love can be described from the three components of love.

a. Different aspects of love are hierarchical. For example, companionate love is much better and longer lasting than consummate love.

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? a.Simon bites his mother b.Simon goes to sleep c.Simon retreats to a corner and mopes d.Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon

a. Simon bites his mother

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative. a.attitude b.cognition c.feeling d.sense

a. attitude

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________. a.consummate b.fatuous c.infatuation d.romantic

a. consummate

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. a.emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition b.ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics c.prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes d.society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion

a. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration-aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________. a.the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother b.the way Janeka's frustration with her mother led her to do poorly on her exam c.which situational factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam d.which dispositional factors led Janeka to do poorly on her exam

a. the way Janeka's frustration with her ex

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors. a.Collectivism b.Dispositionism c.Moralism d.Situationism

b. Dispositionism

Which statement about groupthink is correct? a.Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. b.Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. c.Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. d.Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

b. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study? a.Milgram falsified his results, making his study unreliable. b.Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical. c.Milgram never published his finding, making his reported results questionable. d.Milgram was too truthful with his subjects, making his study invalid.

b. Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? a.central cognitive b.foot-in-the-door c.head-in-the-sand d.peripheral route

b. foot-in-the-door

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias. a.confirmation b.in-group c.out-group d.scapegoating

b. in-group

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? a.Groups will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. b.Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. c.Milgram was unethical. d.The Milgram study could never be repeated again because too many people know about it.

b. individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information? a.cognitive b.informational c.normative d.rational

b. informational

If a person says that actors make effective spokespeople for potato chips because they are above average in attractiveness, which approach is that person using to explain attitude change? a.Asch attitude change b.Stanford attitude change c.Yale attitude change d.Zimbardo attitude change

c. Yale attitude change

What is the just-world hypothesis? a.a belief common in the United States that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve b.a belief common in the United States that we will be rewarded in the afterlife c.an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve d.an ideology common in the United States that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished

c. an ideology in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked. a.ally b.associate c.confederate d.union

c. confederate

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior? a.attitudes b.emotions c.group processes d.social cognition

c. group processes

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect? a.influence of one person on a large group b.influence of one person on the creation of a group goal c.influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment d.influence of the group minority on individual judgment

c. influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

What is groupthink? a.arguments between group members that result in the dissolution of the group b.modification of the opinions of leadership to agree with the numerical minority c.modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus d.pressure from above on group members designed to eliminate leadership

c. modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? a.avoiding the development of any contingency plans b.having the group leader make his position known before discussion begins c.seeking outside opinions on group decisions d.voting publicly in front of group members

c. seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________. a.racism b.self-fulfilling prophecy c.self-serving bias d.social loafing

c. self-serving bias

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study? a.Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity—the presence of another dissenter. b.Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity—the size of the group. c.Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity—whether the response was public or private. d.Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity—including race, class, and gender.

d. Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity—including race, class, and gender.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits. a.The phrase "costs outweigh the benefits" should be replaced by the phrase "benefits outweigh the costs." b.The phrase "help others" should be replaced by the phrase "hurt others." c.The phrase "people's desire" should be replaced by the word "motivation." d.The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism."

d. The phrase "social exchange" should be replaced by the word "altruism."

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment? a.Asch b.Milgram c.Rosenthal d.Zimbardo

d. Zimbardo

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________. a.central attitude shift b.central attribution error c.fundamental attitude shift d.fundamental attribution error

d. fundamental attribution error

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. a.group b.informational c.majority d.normative

d. normative

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message? a.cognitive route b.foot-in-the-door c.head-in-the-sand d.peripheral route

d. peripheral route

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________. a.altruism b.balance c.intimacy d.reciprocity

d. reciprocity

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________. a.companionate b.empty c.liking d.romantic

d. romantic

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal. a. confirmation bias b. discrimination c. in-group bias d. scapegoating

d. scapegoating

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling. a.collective b.confirmation c.informational d.normative

c. informational

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? a. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard-working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. b. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam. c.Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. d.Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are.

a. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard-working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________. a.aggressive discord b.cognitive dissonance c.perceptive deception d.peripheral dissension

b. cognitive dissonance

Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias? a.Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because he has an addictive personality, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling. b.Akbar believes gambling is bad, but he continues to gamble anyway. c.Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling. d.Akbar avoids gambling, but he observes Barnaby gambling and tries to stop him.

c. Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate? a.People's thoughts are influenced by biology while their feelings and behaviors are influenced by social situations b.People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social psychology c.People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations d.People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by their biology

c. People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations