Psy336: Middle childhood Ch. 18-21

Diets high in fat and increasingly sedentary lifestyles have contributed to an increase in childhood obesity, with approximately how many children carrying 20% or more than their ideal weight? Responses 1 in 20 1 in 10 1 in 5 1 in 3

1 in 5

Which of these is most likely to trigger agitation in a person who has an autism spectrum disorder? Responses A stranger smiling as they walk by A familiar person asking a question A change in a daily routine Someone making a rude gesture

A change in a daily routine

What is the approximate number of boys who have been sexually abused? Response About 1 in 50 About 1 in 5 About 1 in 10 About 1 in 20

About 1 in 20

According to research conducted throughout the information processing perspective, children in middle childhood: Have underdeveloped schemas of the world that pairs, their ability to learn effectively. Still struggle with attending to information which impairs storage of new information. Are able to learn more effectively because they can more easily connect new information to previous knowledge.

Are able to learn more effectively because they can more easily connect new information to previous knowledge.

Kyle has trouble sitting still in class and paying attention to the teacher. One day he gets so annoyed with the sound of someone sharpening a pencil during a test, that he yells at them to be quiet. What disorder does Kyle likely struggle with? Responses Dyslexia Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Piaget believed that children in middle childhood were in what stage of cognitive development? Formal operational Post-operational Concrete operational Pre-operational

Concrete operational

A child answering the Heinz dilemma with a rationale that Heinz should not steal the medicine because it is against the law demonstrates what stage of Kohlberg's moral development theory? Response Conventional Social contract Pre-conventional Post-conventional

Conventional

The ability to apply newly found skills to novel situations describes which type of intelligence, as proposed by which theorist, Gardner or Sternberg? Response Interpersonal; Gardner Naturalistic; Gardner Creative; Sternberg Analytical; Sternberg

Creative; Sternberg

Early-maturing girls who are sexually abused are at a particularly high risk of making what mental accomodation? Responses False self-training Preparation for early pregnancy Reaction-formation Perpetuating abuse on others

False self-training

Teachers using synonym exercises to teach new vocabulary are taking advantage of which heightened cognitive ability to associate new words with words the child already knows? Responses Grammar Classification Fast-mapping Literal thinking

Fast-mapping

Teachers using synonym exercises to teach new vocabulary are taking advantage of which heightened cognitive ability to associate new words with words the child already knows? Responses: Literal thinking Grammar Fast-mapping Classification

Fast-mapping

A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and stimulants is commonly used as an effective treatment for which disorder? Responses Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Dyslexia Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Davin's parents divorced a few years ago, and he's mostly adjusted to the change. What is one of the likely positive outcomes he will experience? Responses More security in future dating relationships Greater mental health issues Greater emotional independence More distant relationship with custodial parent

Greater emotional independence

Which of the following statements about losing one's primary teeth is TRUE? Responses It is not extremely uncommon for an adult to retain one or more primary teeth. Boys and girls lose their primary teeth at different rates, with girls typically losing primary teeth first and faster. Losing primary teeth is an extremely painful and traumatic experience. Losing one's primary teeth takes place at a predictable rate, and all are lost by age 12.

It is not extremely uncommon for an adult to retain one or more primary teeth.

Why didn't Kohlberg focus on whether the study participant said Heinz should steal the medicine or not? Responses Kohlberg wanted to examine parents' reactions to children's answers. Kohlberg wanted to create a criminal profile of those who answered in favor of theft. Kohlberg's research interest was finding out why people made the decision they did. Kohlberg's main research purpose was to determine gender differences in decision making.

Kohlberg's research interest was finding out why people made the decision they did.

Sophia is trying to learn material for an exam. Which component of memory will store the information she is learning? Responses Metacognition Short-term memory Long-term memory Sensory memory

Long-term memory

Lysa has an autism spectrum disorder, and people often think she is rude because she doesn't wave back to them when they wave at her. What is the more likely explanation for Lysa not waving? Responses Lysa is probably misreading or miscommunicating social cues. Lysa doesn't recognize faces, so she doesn't wave at strangers. Waving her hand is a motion with which Lysa is uncomfortable. Lysa would rather have someone shake her hand than wave at her.

Lysa is probably misreading or miscommunicating social cues.

Megan evaluates several different problem-solving techniques when approaching a task. What thought process is she engaging in, as she selects which strategy she will use to perform her task? Responses Chunking Mnemonics Metacognition Rehearsal

Metacognition

According to Gardner, a person who spends lots of time with plants and animals, learning their habitats and preserving ecological zones, most likely possesses a high level of which of the multiple intelligences? Responses Naturalistic Spatial Analytical Existential

Naturalistic

This type of child is well-liked by peers and is kind to others. Responses Average child Controversial child Popular-antisocial child Popular-prosocial child

Popular-prosocial child

Arjun's mom is baking a cake. He realizes that once the batter is mixed, the ingredients cannot be separated out. Which principle of concrete operational thought is Arjun using here? Responses Reciprocity Classification Identity Reversibility

Reversibility

Cultural images, social media influencers, and other celebrities can all affect how a child views themselves in relation to others. This is called ________. Responses Peer pressure Social image Self-concept Popular crowd

Self-concept

Cultural images, social media influencers, and other celebrities can all affect how a child views themselves in relation to others. This is called ________. Responses Popular crowd Peer pressure Self-concept Social image

Self-concept

Which of the memory processes discussed in information processing theory holds information for the shortest amount of time? Responses Short-term memory Working memory Sensory memory Flash memory

Sensory memory

Which of the following is NOT a short-term consequence of divorce on children? Responses Adjusting to transitions Reduced standard of living Grief over loss suffered Sons' greater emotional independence

Sons' greater emotional independence

All of these examples are likely to be detrimental aspects of a school's hidden curriculum, EXCEPT? Responses Teacher support for tutoring "Teaching to the test" Imposing a structure of compliance Differential gender expectations

Teacher support for tutoring

All of these examples are likely to be detrimental aspects of a school's hidden curriculum, EXCEPT? Responses Teacher support for tutoring Differential gender expectations "Teaching to the test" Imposing a structure of compliance

Teacher support for tutoring

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates a concrete operational child performing a conservation task? Responses The child recognizes that when one of two identical balls of clay is smashed, both chunks of clay still have the same amount of clay in them. The child understands that if an adult saws a log into several pieces, the smaller pieces are still wood. The child understands that if he bakes a cake, the eggs used in the recipe will not be able to return to their former, liquid state. The child categorizes her toys into different classifications, recognizing that toys can belong to more than one category at a time.

The child recognizes that when one of two identical balls of clay is smashed, both chunks of clay still have the same amount of clay in them.

Eight-year-old Seth is the class comedian. How might his jokes differ from those he would have told at age 4? Response The jokes have punch lines. The jokes are more literal. The jokes are longer. The jokes are slapstick.

The jokes have punch lines.

Which. of the following is not accurate about language development that happens during middle childhood? The rate of learning new words is slower than during early childhood. By about fifth grade, the average child has a vocabulary of about 40,000 words. They are able to categorize more accurately in part, because they think less literally than preschoolers. They are able to flexibly learn grammatical rules.

The rate of learning new words is slower than during early childhood.

Kendall has test-taking anxiety and performs poorly on tests, so she is labeled as a "struggling" student and enrolled in an educational rehabilitation program through her school. Her self-confidence is shaken, and she starts performing poorly on other assignments as well. What does Kendall's situation exemplify? The self-fulfilling prophecy Dyslexia Confirmation bias Expectation adjustment

The self-fulfilling prophecy

Kendall has test-taking anxiety and performs poorly on tests, so she is labeled as a "struggling" student and enrolled in an educational rehabilitation program through her school. Her self-confidence is shaken, and she starts performing poorly on other assignments as well. What does Kendall's situation exemplify? Responses Confirmation bias The self-fulfilling prophecy Expectation adjustment Dyslexia

The self-fulfilling prophecy

Hanna and Cora are best friends. What might be the glue keeping this friendship together? Responses Their parents set them up on "play dates" as kids and they've been friends since then Sharing gossip about other people They are loyal to one another and share their innermost secrets They are in the same class and sit next to each other in school

They are loyal to one another and share their innermost secrets

Being obese as a child can place an individual at a greater risk of developing the all of following health risks EXCEPT? Responses cancer adulthood obesity orthopedic problems pediatric diabetes

adulthood obesity

Stella, a seven-year-old, understands that the drive to her grandparents' house takes about an hour because they live in a different town, miles away. What process in Piagetian development does this demonstrate Stella understands? Responses logical understanding of distance and time in the physical world deductive reasoning reversibility, because she knows the distance from her house to her grandparents' house is the same going there and back. classification and categorizing of information

logical understanding of distance and time in the physical world

Many parents begin to enroll their children in organized sports activities during middle childhood because of what physical advancements? growth spurt and increased attention span skeletal growth and myelination motor coordination and endurance physical growth and muscle mass

motor coordination and endurance