PSY340: Chapter 9 Tutorial Quiz

At what age do infants begin forming basic level categories?

3-4 months

A task for determining how prototypical an object is would be:

a task where participants rate the extent to which each member represents the category title.

Learning takes place in a connectionist network through a process of ________ in which an error signal is transmitted from output units towards the input units

back propagation

If we were conducting an experiment on the effect knowledge has on categorization, we might compare the results of expert and non-expert groups. Suppose we compare horticulturalists to people with little knowledge about plants. If we asked the groups to name, as specifically as possible, five different plants seen around campus, we would predict that the expert group would primarily label plants on the ________ level, while the non-expert group would primarily label plants on the ________ level.

subordinate; basic

Which of the following is most closely modeled on the way the nervous system operates?

Parallel distributed processing theory

Which approach to categorization involves forming a representation based on an average of category members that a person has encountered in the past?

Prototype

People playing the parlor game "20 Questions" often use hierarchical organization strategies. One player asks up to 20 yes/no questions to determine the identity of an object another player has selected. The player's questions usually start as general and get more specific as the player approaches a likely guess. Initial questions asked by a player are often one of three questions: "Is it an animal?" "Is it a vegetable?" and "Is it a mineral?" Each of these three questions describes which level of categorization?

Superordinate

How is cognitive economy represented in the following example? The property ________ is stored at the ________ node.

can fly; bird

If a system has the property of graceful degradation, this means that:

damage to the system doesn't completely disrupt its operation.

For the category "fruit," people give a higher typicality rating to "banana" than to "kiwi." Knowing that, we can also reason that:

the word "fruit" will lead to a larger priming effect for banana than for kiwi.