PSYC 107 - Chap. 4 Book

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid? coffee methadone methamphetamine nicotine

methadone

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content? Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

What occurs during stage 1 sleep? Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken. Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down. Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down. Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens.

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

Who described the collective unconscious? Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright Sigmund Freud

Carl Jung

What can you do to realign your biological clock with the external world when you work a rotating shift? Expose yourself to bright light while working. Surround yourself with darkness while working. Take a break every hour to exercise for five minutes. Take regular naps throughout the day.

Expose yourself to bright light while working.

The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours. circadian homeostatic meta pineal

circadian

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. conscience consciousness REM sleep unconsciousness

consciousness

________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist. cognitive behavioral dissociative Jungian social-cognitive

dissociative

According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________. dissociated from other forms of altered consciousness because it does not involve drugs effectively a dissociated state of consciousness people acting as they do because of social expectations for how a hypnotized person should behave practiced only by people who are already dissociated from reality

effectively a dissociated state of consciousness

Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high? feelings of despair feelings of intense elation and pleasure intense tactile sensation time distortion

feelings of intense elation and pleasure

Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences. depressant hallucinogenic opioid stimulant

hallucinogenic

Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________. cognitive behavioral therapy hypnosis K-complex manipulation methamphetamines

hypnosis

A theta wave is a type of ________. brain wave associated with critical thinking brain wave associated with sleep spindles low frequency, high amplitude brain wave low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________. a stroke damage to his K-complex narcolepsy D.REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

narcolepsy

Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain. antipsychotic hallucinogen opioid stimulant

opioid

________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role. insomnia NREM phase parasomnia REM phase

parasomnia

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. lucid dreaming parasomnias protoconsciousness somnambulism

parasomnias

_______ involves a virtual reality model of the world. lucid dreaming manifest content protoconsciousness stage 1 sleep

protoconsciousness

Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug. a return to normal performance levels changes in normal bodily function psychological distress psychological stress

changes in normal bodily function

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? physical dependence psychological dependence tolerance withdrawal

psychological dependence

Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome. agitated restless

restless

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "States of consciousness do not vary over the course of the day." Remove the phrase "do not." The word "consciousness" should be changed to the word "dependence." The word "day" should be changed to the word "week." The word "vary" should be changed to the word "differ."

Remove the phrase "do not."

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright Sigmund Freud

Rosalind Cartwright

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false? Her analysis of dreams is not Freudian. Her ideas about dreams are supported empirically. She is a Jungian dream analyst. She is a sleep and dream researcher.

She is a Jungian dream analyst.

The sleep debt is the result of ________. high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior insufficient sleep on a chronic basis the circadian rhythm travel from one time zone to another

insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

Feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions are all examples of ________ stimuli. external hypnotic internal psychoactive

internal

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? crying while asleep kicking and punching while asleep snoring while asleep talking while asleep

kicking and punching while asleep

The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________. Hypnosis is essentially an associated state of consciousness. No one can actually be hypnotized. People can hypnotize themselves if they try hard enough. People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.

People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. axon biological heterostatic suprachiasmatic

biological edit: no?

NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________. associated with lucid dreaming outside periods of REM sleep that always occurs immediately after REM sleep that overlaps REM sleep

outside periods of REM sleep

Which of the following is an example of wakefulness? Jemma, competing in a marathon Mercy, unconscious after being hit on the head Petro, immediately before entering REM sleep Samuel, sleepwalking in the middle of the night

Jemma, competing in a marathon

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency." The word "alertness" should be changed to the word "vigilance." The word "consequences" should be changed to the word "benefits." The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased." The word "mental" should be changed to the word "biological."

The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. cognizance insomnia meditation narcolepsy

meditation

Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________. cheaper, so people can afford more of it easier to get, so people can take more at once frequently smoked in combination with pharmaceuticals smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism. cognitive-behavioral dissociative hypnotic mediation social-cognitive

social-cognitive

Sleepwalking is also referred to as ________. hypersomnia night terror restless leg syndrome somnambulism

somnambulism

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. antipsychotic depressant hallucinogen stimulant

stimulant

Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________. at least three nights a week for one month even after taking medication every time she attempts to sleep three nights in a row

at least three nights a week for one month

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way? caffeine insomnia narcolepsy sugar

caffeine

Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________. can be coerced into harming themselves and others by a skilled hypnotist report no memory of the events that occurred during the period they were hypnotized usually do not have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are not in control of their own behaviors usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors

Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming. external internal lucid stage 1

lucid

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content. Freudian Jungian latent manifest

manifest edit: no?

Sleep apnea is defined by ________. a sense of panic in the sufferer often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________. physical dependence psychological dependence (no) tolerance withdrawal

psychological dependence edit: no? -tolerance?

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake? circadian rhythm consciousness jet lag sleep

sleep

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness? Carl Jung John Hobson Rosalind Cartwright Sigmund Freud

John Hobson

What hormone does the pineal gland release? insulin melatonin estrogen testosterone

melatonin

In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear? 1 2 3 4

2

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? above average birth weight hyperthermia premature birth smoking in the home

above average birth weight

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep. alpha beta delta kappa

alpha

Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content. biological circadian latent manifest

latent