psyc 110 final
pubertal hormonal surge and limbic system development
13-year-old Ariana is getting more involved in risky behaviors, which has her mother very worried. Ariana is also more impulsive and emotionally volatile than she used to be. What is the MOST likely explanation for Ariana's behavior?
secure attachment
2-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, as soon as she leaves he becomes distressed, and when she returns he goes to her immediately. Adam most clearly displays:
conservation
5-year-old Otto complained to his mother that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy as he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:
1/3
A 65-year-old retina receives only about _____ as much light as its 20-year-old counterpart.
The cells of the zygote begin to differentiate
A brother just found out that his sister became pregnant about seven days ago. He rushes to find a book on pregnancy so that he can learn more about it. What will the book say is happening around the seventh day of pregnancy?
Theory of Mind
A child's realization that others may have beliefs the child knows to be false BEST illustrates the development of:
The rats in the enriched environment will have significantly larger cerebral cortex
A college psychology class is running an experiment with a colony of infant rats. Half of the infant rats are isolated in barren cages and the other half live together in an enriched environment with lots of toys and exercise equipment. What would the expected outcome be at the end of the school year?
Embryo
A cousin's pregnancy terminated in the seventh week after conception. During what stage of prenatal development did she have the miscarriage?
her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing
A grandmother is in her early eighties and is starting to seem frail to her grandchildren. Which of the following are they likely to notice about her abilities?
teratogen
A neighbor is five months pregnant and still smoking a pack of cigarettes every day. Perhaps she is unaware that nicotine is a(n) _____ for the fetus of a mother who smokes heavily.
No, she is not wasting her time. Her baby can hear her and will likely recognize her voice immediately after birth
A person reads about a woman who is seven months pregnant and has been reciting poems and singing to her fetus. Is she wasting her time?
teratogen
A pregnant woman was recently arrested for using heroin. She is addicted to heroin, and there is a risk that her fetus will be born a heroin addict as well. Heroin is a _____ for the fetus.
longitudinal
A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____ study.
intimacy with others
According to Erik Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is the development of a comfortable sense of who one is and capacity for:
formal operational
According to Jean Piaget, children during this stage of cognitive development use abstract logic and have the potential for mature moral reasoning.
sensorimotor
According to Jean Piaget, object permanence and stranger anxiety develop during this stage of cognitive development.
post conventional morality
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, people who develop an abstract level of reasoning where they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self have developed what is known as _____.
pre conventional morality
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a _____ of self-interest.
friends
According to researchers, teens who start smoking typically have _____ who model smoking and offer cigarettes.
accommodation
After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This BEST illustrates the process of:
women in their 30
Aging brings a gradual decline in fertility, especially for _____.
within a day; identical twins generally begin to walk on there same say
Anatoli and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Anatoli took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps?
generatively vs stagnation
As Peter celebrated his 25th anniversary at the company, he felt that his gold watch was just a meaningless trinket and was glad that he balanced his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Peter is in the stage of development called:
fetus
Because of complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy had to be terminated during the third month in order to save her life. In what stage of prenatal development did she have the termination?
8
Beginning at about _____ months, children many greet strangers by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers.
teratogen
Brenda has suffered from epilepsy all her life. She takes Trileptal to control her seizures. Recently she found out she was pregnant with her first child. She read that her medication is a Category C medication, meaning the benefits may outweigh the risks; however, no adequate studies have been performed on the medication for pregnant women. While she was excited to be pregnant, she was concerned about continuing to take the medication. She asked her doctor whether Trileptal was a __________________.
body odors
By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers':
earlier; later
Compared to a century ago, menarche now occurs _____ in life and marriage happens _____ in life.
more likely to develop a sense of self reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence
Compared to children with authoritarian parents, children of authoritative parents are:
have stabilized personality
Compared to younger people, older people are more likely to:
conventional
David is 13 years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast, and she should make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
autism spectrum disorder
Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of another person's state of mind are MOST characteristic of:
fetal alcohol syndrome
Denise is a heavy drinker and she continued to drink throughout her pregnancy. She gave birth to a baby girl whose head was small and slightly disproportioned. It is most likely that the infant has:
longitudinal
Dr. Greco is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a(n) _____ study.
formal operational
During adolescence, most people achieve Jean Piaget's intellectual stage known as:
infants prefer sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness
During an experiment, newborn infants were found to turn their heads in the direction of human voices. These same infants would likely prefer to look at face-like images (as opposed to a bull's-eye pattern) and at objects about 8-12 inches away, which is the same distance between a nursing infant's eyes and its mother's eyes. These findings suggest:
200
During intercourse _____ million or more sperm are released.
pre operational
During this stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
increasing neural networks
Early experiences influence how the brain develops by:
more self assured, popular and independent
Early maturation in boys tends to produce boys who are:
alzheimer's diseasse
Ellen began forgetting where she put her purse, how to balance a checkbook, and where she left the car in the parking lot. Ellen is experiencing the signs and symptoms of:
trut vs mistrust
Erik Erikson proposed that at each stage of life people face a psychosocial task that needs resolution. According to this theory, the first task that infants wrestle with is:
generatively vs stagnation
Erik Erikson proposed that at this stage of life people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
intimacy vs isolation
Erik Erikson proposed that at this stage of life people struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love.
half; zygote
Fewer than _____ of all _____ survive beyond the first two weeks after fertilization.
3; frontal
From age _____to age six, the brain's neural network is sprouting most rapidly in the _____ lobes.
women experience menopause usually during their 50's
Identify the statement that is true of aging and fertility.
the development of the frontal lobe of the brain
Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the teens and early twenties largely as a result of:
20%
In one experiment, rats were housed for 60 days in enriched environments. At the conclusion of the experiment, the number of synapses grew by about:
emerging adulthood
In prosperous communities, the time from 18 to the mid-twenties is an increasingly not-yet-settled phase of life, which some now call:
25; 50; 90
In the United States, about _____ percent of all babies are walking by age 11 months, _____ percent are walking within a week after their first birthday, and about _____ percent are walking by age 15 months.
pruning
In the brain, the massive loss of unused neurons and connections is known as:
he has become habituated
Jake is a 3-month-old baby who is no longer as interested in a puppet head as was a week ago. What has happened here?
he has learned to respond differently to familiar stimuluses
Jake is a 3-month-old baby who is staring intently at the new person who just came in to visit his parents. This shows that Jake:
pre-conventional
Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates _____ morality.
emerging adulthood
Javier is 20 years old and still very dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses. He spends his school holidays at home with them. He is in the phase of life known as:
pneumonia
Jeannette is in her mid-seventies, and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry MOST about:
intimacy vs isolation
Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called:
identity vs role confusion
Jeremy is 16 years old and is trying out different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Jeremy is in the stage of development called:
role confusion
Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her friends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing:
do nothing
John is 58 years old and is worried about declining mental ability in old age. He asks what he can do to prevent it. His doctor does NOT give him which piece of advice?
they were raised in deprived environments
Karen is a research assistant at the university psychology laboratory. She finds that the mice cortexes she is studying are thinner and lighter. What may have happened?
authoritative
Luca's parents set firm rules but are responsive to his needs. They give him a chance to explain himself and also explain their position on why they cannot allow him to stay out past midnight. Some psychologists would say Luca's parents have this type of parenting style.
insecure attachment
Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter. She frequently ignores her daughter's cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter may display signs of:
menopause
Men do not experience anything equivalent to _____; that is, they do not experience a cessation in fertility or a sharp drop in hormones.
nothing can halt or reverse the decline associated with aging
Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output begin to decline in the late-twenties. Research has shown that these processes of aging can be halted or reversed by:
placenta
Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the:
cooperation and social success at school
Parents and peers have complementary influences on children; but peers usually have a more important influence on:
late adulthood
People differ the MOST in their learning and memory abilities during:
future behavior problems
Persistent heavy drinking of the mother during her pregnancy puts her infant at risk for experiencing:
fetal alcohol syndrome
Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children that are the result of a pregnant woman's heavy drinking are known as:
touch and massage
Premature babies are especially likely to gain weight if stimulated by:
when one is maturing sexually
Puberty is a time:
gradual decrease in testosterone
Reggie is in his mid-fifties. Reggie can expect that he will experience a:
cohabit prior to engagement
Research shows that among U.S. couples, the risk of divorce appears greatest for those who:
handled; not handled
Research shows that infant rats that are _____ gain weight more rapidly and develop faster neurologically than those rats that are _____.
authoritative
Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. He allows no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for breaking the rules he has set forth. Sharon's father has this type of parenting style.
theory of mind
Shelly's brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in the other cabinet after Shelly had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returned, she was able to find the bear in the other cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Shelly's development of:
food consumption
The MOST immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:
ASD
The Markowitz family has a son, Noah, who has exceptionally high intelligence and excels in math. However, he lacks social and communicative skills which limit his ability to sustain normal peer relationships. Noah has been diagnosed with:
cross sectional
The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study on memory and response time in relation to timed tasks for adults who are 50 to 75 years of age. They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences. This is a(n) _____ study.
association
The _____ areas are the last cortical areas to develop.
critical period
The attachments based on familiarity form during a brief developmental phase known as:
3.5
The average age of earliest conscious memory is about _____ year(s).
zygote. embryo, fetus
The correct order of prenatal development is:
social clock
The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as:
cancer
The elderly are more susceptible to _____ than when they were younger.
menarche
The first menstrual period in girls is referred to as _____.
Jean Pigat's cognitive development theory
The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by:
Erik Eriksons' psychosocial development theory
The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by:
cross sectional studies
These are studies in which people of different ages are compared with one another.
longitudinal studies
These are studies in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time.
harry harlow
This famous experiment by _____ involved rearing monkeys with two artificial mothers.
moral intuitions
To most people, the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as a shameful act. Such quick gut feelings illustrate the concept of:
assimilation
Tommy was at the park with his father and excitedly pointed to the squirrel and exclaimed, "Kitty, kitty!" His father pointed out that this was a squirrel and not a kitty. This BEST illustrates the process of:
permissive
Ty's parents divorced when he was 5 years old. His father moved out of state, and his mother is busy trying to keep a roof over their heads. Ty is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles with school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Ty to come and go when he wishes, she rarely if ever punishes him, and she gives into whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he does not have a father. Some psychologists would say that Ty's mother has this type of parenting style.
rooting
When a baby's cheek is touched, the baby will turn toward the touch and open his or her mouth in search of a nipple. This is known as the _____ reflex.
assimilation
When children use their new experience in terms of their existing schema, this is known as:
remember only what they see
When infants gaze more intently at a new stimulus, researchers conclude that infants recognize new stimulus as different. It shows that infants:
the thicker brain cortex
When scientists compared the brains of rats raised in an enriched environment with the brains of rats raised in an impoverished environment, the rats raised in an enriched environment had:
integrity vs despair
Wilbur is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made as well as his dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Wilbur is in the stage of development called:
an emotionally healthy child with strong multiple attachments
Within minutes, an infant girl born to an Efe woman in Zaire is handed over to another woman. That woman then passes the newborn to a third woman. This infant will be fed and held by many women during the coming weeks. This type of caregiving results in:
differentiate
Within the first week after conception, the cells of the zygote begin to _____, specializing in structure and function.
no she should not worry, only 50% os USA babies are walking within a week after their first birthday
Yun Hee is concerned about her daughter, who will be 1 year old next week. Her baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee's family is starting to comment on this. Should she be worried?
teratogens
_____ are agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause it harm.
Jean Piget; Erik Erikson
_____ is to understanding children's cognitive development as _____ is to understanding the psychosocial development.
frontal
_____ lobe development during adolescence also includes the growth of myelin, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds neurotransmission.
theory of mind
_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.
G. Stanley Hall
_____ was one of the first psychologists to describe adolescence.